Unit 1: Foundation of Computer Networks
Q1.
Explain the components of a data communication system. Discuss the role of sender,
receiver, medium, message, and protocol.
(L-2: Understand)
Q2.
Describe different forms of data representation (text, numbers, images, audio, video) and
explain how data flows in a network.
(L-2: Understand)
Q3.
Compare various network topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh). Discuss their advantages and
disadvantages.
(L-3: Analyze)
Q4.
Explain the OSI reference model with functions of each layer. Compare it with the TCP/IP
model.
(L-4: Analyze)
Q5.
Discuss protocols and standards in networking. Why are they essential for communication?
(L-2: Understand)
Q6. (Numerical)
A noiseless channel has a bandwidth of 3 kHz. Calculate the maximum data rate using
Nyquist theorem if the signal has 4 levels.
(Hint: Nyquist formula)
Q7. (Numerical)
For a noisy channel with bandwidth 1 MHz and signal-to-noise ratio of 63, calculate the
channel capacity using Shannon’s theorem.
(Hint: C=B log 2 (1+ S/ N ))
Q8.
Explain different line coding techniques (NRZ, Manchester, Differential Manchester) and
compare their performance.
(L-3: Apply)
Q9.
Describe multiplexing techniques: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division
Multiplexing (TDM), and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM).
(L-2: Understand)
Q10.
Explain Spread Spectrum techniques such as Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). Discuss their advantages.
(L-3: Analyze)
Unit-2: Overview of Data Link Layer
Q1.
Explain the functions of the Data Link Layer. Differentiate between Logical Link Control
(LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC).
(L-2: Understand)
Q2.
Describe various framing techniques such as character count, byte stuffing, and bit stuffing
with suitable examples.
(L-3: Apply)
Q3.
Explain the concept of error detection and error correction. Compare their roles in reliable
data transmission.
(L-2: Understand)
Q4.
Define Hamming Distance. How is it used to detect and correct errors?
(L-3: Apply)
Q5.
Explain parity check, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check), and checksum techniques. Compare
their effectiveness.
(L-4: Analyze)
Q6.
Given a data word and a generator polynomial, perform CRC encoding and determine the
transmitted frame.
(L-3: Apply – Numerical)
Q7.
Explain the Stop-and-Wait protocol. Discuss its efficiency and limitations.
(L-2: Understand)
Q8.
Describe the Sliding Window protocol. Compare Go-Back-N ARQ and Selective Repeat ARQ.
(L-4: Analyze)
Q9.
A channel has a bandwidth of 1 Mbps and propagation delay of 20 ms.
Calculate the efficiency of Stop-and-Wait protocol.
(L-3: Apply – Numerical)
Q10.
Explain piggybacking in flow control. How does it improve channel utilization? Also relate it
to random access protocols.
(L-4: Analyze)
Unit-3: LAN standards and Access Methods
Q1.
Explain the evolution and importance of LAN standards. Compare major IEEE standards used
in LAN technologies.
(L-2: Understand)
Q2.
Compare Pure ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA in terms of working principle, efficiency, and
throughput.
(L-3: Apply/Analyze)
Q3.
Derive the maximum throughput of Slotted ALOHA and explain why it performs better than
Pure ALOHA.
(L-4: Analyze)
Q4.
Explain the working of CSMA protocols. Compare 1-persistent, non-persistent, and p-
persistent CSMA with suitable examples.
(L-3: Apply)
Q5.
Describe the CSMA/CD mechanism used in Ethernet. How does it detect and handle
collisions?
(L-2: Understand)
Q6.
Explain the Token Ring protocol. How does token passing ensure collision-free
communication? Discuss its advantages and limitations.
(L-3: Analyze)
Q7.
Discuss the layered architecture of Ethernet. Compare Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE
802.3z), and 10 Gigabit Ethernet in terms of speed, format, and applications.
(L-4: Analyze)
Q8.
Explain the frame format and key features of Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3z). Discuss its
applications in modern networks.
(L-2: Understand)
Q9.
Describe the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN architecture. Explain its security mechanisms and
common applications.
(L-3: Apply)
Q10.
Compare Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15) and Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11) in terms of architecture,
range, security, and applications.
(L-4: Analyze)
Unit-4: Overview of Network Layer
Q1. Explain the structure of an IPv4 address. Discuss different IPv4 addressing classes and
their features. (L-2: Understand)
Q2. Describe the limitations of IPv4 and explain how IPv6 overcomes these limitations.
(L-4: Analyze)
Q3. Compare IPv4 and IPv6 based on address size, notation, header format, and features.
(L-3: Analyze)
Sample Questions Till Unit 4.2
Q1. A pure ALOHA network transmits 200 bits frames on a shared channel of 200 kbps. What
is the throughput if the system produces
a) 1000 frames per second
b) 500 frames per second
c) 250 frames per second
Differentiate between Pure ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA.
Q2. A slotted ALOHA network transmits 200-bit frames using a shared channel with a 200-
kbps
bandwidth. Find the throughput if the system (all stations together) produces
a. 1000 frames per second.
b. 500 frames per second.
c. 250 frames per second.
Q3 Discuss the IPv4 header structure in detail.
Q4. Assume that in a stop and wait ARQ system, the bandwidth of the line is 1MBPS and 1
bit takes 20s to make a round trip. What is the bandwidth delay product? If the system data
frames are 1000 bits in length, what is the utilization percentage of the link?
Q5. Assume that in a stop and wait ARQ system, the bandwidth of the line is 1MBPS and 1
bit takes 20s to make a round trip. What is the bandwidth delay product? If the system data
frames are 1000 bits in length, and the protocol can send 15 frames before stopping and
worrying about the acknowledgements. What is the utilization percentage of the link?
Q6. Brief the various types of addresses in the TCP/IP model.
Q7. A data of 40 bytes needs to be transmitted using TCP protocol but sender can send a
maximum of 12 bytes only. Identify the sequence number of the last segment formed.
Assume the no. of bits assigned for sequence no as 5.
Q8. If the bandwidth of a channel of 1Gbps then for how much duration the error should last
so that 1 bit is corrupted? If the duration of the noise is increased as 1/1000 second, then
how many slots will be corrupted
Q9. What is the length of a bit in a channel with a propagation speed of 2 * 10 8 m/s if the
channel bandwidth is 10 Mbps.
Q10. Compare and contrast Bus, Ring, Star and Mesh topologies w.r.t number of links
required.
Q11. Explain how logical address is different from physical address?
Q12. Why we use spread spectrum techniques, and how is FDSSS different from DSSS?
Explain your answer with an example.
Q13. Encode the following stream of bits 11010111 using Manchester and differential
Manchester coding.
Q14. What is block coding? Explain how it improves error detection and synchronization in
digital transmission systems.
Q15. Using the Shannon–Hartley Theorem, calculate the channel capacity for a channel
with: Bandwidth = 3 kHz and Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) = 30 dB.
Q16. Explain different topologies used in Computer Networks. Also, list their advantages and
disadvantages.
Q17. Discuss different line coding schemes such as NRZ, RZ, Manchester, and Differential
Manchester and explain their advantages and limitations.
Q18. Describe the layered architecture of the OSI Model. Describe the functions of each
layer and explain how layering helps in network communication. Protocol, Go-Back-N ARQ
and Selective Repeat ARQ with suitable diagrams.
Q19-The 8-bit word is transmitted: 11110000. Calculate the checksum using 1's complement
addition.
Q20- Compare Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat ARQ protocols in terms of retransmission,
buffer requirement, and efficiency.
Q21- Explain the IPv6 addressing format and its features. How does it improve network
efficiency? IPv6 address length = 128 bits. Calculate the total number of possible IPv6
addresses.
Q22- Assume that in a stop and wait ARQ system, the bandwidth of the line is 1MBPS and 1
bit takes 20s to make a round trip. What is the bandwidth delay product? If the system data
frames are 1000 bits in length, and the protocol can send 15 frames before stopping and
worrying about the acknowledgements. What is the utilization percentage of the link?
Q23. A network using CSMA/CD has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps. If the maximum propagation
time (including the delays in the devices and ignoring the time needed to send a jamming
signal) is 25.6 μs, what is the minimum size of the frame?
Q24. Define PiggyBacking and Polling.
Q25. Describe the three different persistence methods in CSMA.
Q26. Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6. What are the addressing schemes in IPv4 and
IPv6.
Q27. Briefly describe the three channelization protocols: FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA.
Q28. Define Classful and Classless Addressing.
Q29. Draw and explain the format of a IPv4 header.
Q30. Explain in detail the layered architecture of Ethernet.
Q31. What are the sublayers of a DataLink Layer and explain the functions of each layer.