CHAPTER CHECKLIST
• Reflection of light
• Mirror
• Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors
• Mirror Formula
• Refraction of Light
• Lens
• Image formation in Lenses using ray diagrams
• Lens formula
• Power of a lens
INTRODUCTION
• Light is a form of energy which enables us to see.
• An object reflects the light rays that fall on it and that reflected
light when receives by our eyes make the object visible to us.
• The speed of light in vacuum or in air is 3*108 m/s.
• Light travels in a straight line.
• The nature of light is both wave nature and particle nature.
REFLECTION OF LIGHT
• The phenomenon of bouncing back of light rays in the same
medium on striking a smooth surface is called reflection of light.
• Laws of reflection:
(i) Angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection.
(ii) Incident ray, reflected ray and normal lie on the same plane.
TYPES OF REFLECTION
1.) DIFFUSED REFLECTION: When a parallel beam of incident rays
fall on a reflecting surface but gets reflected in different directions
then it’s called as diffused reflection.
2.) REGULAR REFLECTION: When a parallel beam of incident rays
fall on a reflecting surface and gets reflected in one direction then
it’s called as regular reflection.
IMAGE
• If light rays coming from one point meet at another point or appear to
meet then the second point is known as image of the first point.
• Images are of two types:
(i) Real Image: When light rays coming from a point actually meet after
reflection then the image formed is called a real image. It can be
captured on projection screens.
(ii) Virtual Image: When light rays coming from a point appear to meet but
do not meet after reflection then the image formed is called a virtual
image. It can’t be captured on projection screens.
MIRROR
PLANE MIRROR SPHERICAL MIRROR
• Its reflecting surface is plane. • Its reflecting surface is curved
inwards (concave) or outwards
• Its images are always virtual and (convex).
erect.
• The size of the image and the object • Concave mirrors are also called
convergent mirrors because reflected
will always be equal. rays converges.
• The distance between image and • Convex mirrors are also called
mirror is always equal to the divergent mirrors because the
distance between object and mirror. reflected rays gets deflected.
• The image is laterally inverted.
• Focal length of such plane mirror is
infinite.
SOME TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO SPHERICAL
MIRRORS
• CENTRE OF CURVATURE: It is the centre of imaginary sphere of which a mirror is
part of.
• POLE: It’s the mid point of the reflecting surface.
• RADIUS OF CURVATURE: Radius of imaginary sphere of which a mirror is part of.
• PRINCIPAL AXIS: The line joining the pole and centre of curvature.
• APERTURE: The diameter of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror.
• PRINCIPAL FOCUS: With respect to Concave mirror, it’s the point where light rays
coming after reflecting actually meet. And w.r.t. Convex mirror, it’s the point
where light rays coming parallel to principal axis appears to meet.
• FOCAL LENGTH: The distance between pole and principal focus of a spherical
mirror is called its focal length.