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Data Structure Algorithms

The document outlines various data structures and their associated algorithms, including arrays, linked lists, hash tables, trees, stacks, queues, heaps, graphs, tries, and union-find. It also covers general algorithms and techniques such as recursion, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, and backtracking. Each section highlights key operations, traversal methods, and specific algorithms relevant to the respective data structure.

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rajbhararyan2003
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3 views3 pages

Data Structure Algorithms

The document outlines various data structures and their associated algorithms, including arrays, linked lists, hash tables, trees, stacks, queues, heaps, graphs, tries, and union-find. It also covers general algorithms and techniques such as recursion, dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, and backtracking. Each section highlights key operations, traversal methods, and specific algorithms relevant to the respective data structure.

Uploaded by

rajbhararyan2003
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Data Structure specific algorithms

1. Arrays

• Sorting:

• QuickSort: Efficient average-case time complexity (O(nlog n))

• MergeSort: Stable sort, useful when order matters (O(nlog n))

• Searching:

• Binary Search: Fast search in sorted arrays (O(log n))

• Two Pointers:

• In-place manipulation, often for sorted arrays (e.g., removing duplicates)

• Sliding Window:

• Subarray problems, finding maximum/minimum within a window

2. Linked Lists

• Traversal:

• Iterate through the list, understand the node structure

• Insertion/Deletion:

• At beginning, end, or at a specific position

• Reversal:

• In-place reversal, recursive and iterative approaches

• Cycle Detection:

• Floyd's Tortoise and Hare algorithm

3. Hash Tables (Hash Maps/Sets)

• Implementation not needed. Just understand following:

• Understand how hash functions work

• Insertion/Deletion/Lookup

• Collision Handling

4. Trees (Binary Trees, Binary Search Trees, etc.)

• Traversal:

• Inorder, Preorder, Postorder (recursive and iterative)

• Searching:

• Find a node with a given value (especially in BSTs)


5. Stacks

• Implementation not needed. Just understand following:

• Push/Pop/Peek Operations

6. Queues

• Implementation not needed. Just understand following:

• Enqueue/Dequeue Operations

7. Heaps (Priority Queues)

• Implementation not needed. Just understand following:

• Insertion/Deletion (extract-min/max)

• Building a Heap

• Top K Elements:

• Using a heap to find k largest/smallest elements

8. Graphs

• Traversal:

• Breadth-First Search (BFS)

• Depth-First Search (DFS)

• Shortest Path:

• Dijkstra's Algorithm

• Cycle Detection:

• DFS

9. Tries

• Implement Trie from scratch

• Insertion/Searching:

• For words/prefixes

• Autocompletion:

• Using a trie for word suggestions

10. Union-Find (Disjoint Set)

• Implement Union-Find from scratch

• Find/Union Operations

• Cycle Detection in undirected graphs


General algorithms/techniques

1. Recursion

• Defining a problem in terms of itself, often leading to elegant and concise solutions.

• Solve: Factorial calculation, tree traversals, depth-first search.

2. Dynamic Programming

• Breaking down a problem into overlapping subproblems and storing solutions to avoid
recomputation.

• Solve: Fibonacci sequence, Knapsack problem, Longest Common Subsequence.

3. Greedy Algorithms

• Making locally optimal choices at each step with the hope of finding a global optimum.

• Implement: Kruskal's algorithm for minimum spanning trees.

4. Backtracking

• Incrementally building solutions, exploring all possible paths, and abandoning invalid ones.

• Solve: Sudoku solver, N-Queens problem, generating permutations.

[Link]

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