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Classes Python

The document explains the concept of classes in object-oriented programming, specifically in Python, detailing how classes represent objects and contain attributes and methods. It highlights the importance of special methods like __init__ and __str__, and provides examples of class definitions and method invocations using the Point and Circle classes. Additionally, it demonstrates how to create instances of classes and invoke their methods.

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3 views3 pages

Classes Python

The document explains the concept of classes in object-oriented programming, specifically in Python, detailing how classes represent objects and contain attributes and methods. It highlights the importance of special methods like __init__ and __str__, and provides examples of class definitions and method invocations using the Point and Circle classes. Additionally, it demonstrates how to create instances of classes and invoke their methods.

Uploaded by

One Adam
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Classes

Classes are the key features of object-oriented programming. A class is a structure for
representing an object and the operations that can be performed on the object.

In Python a class can contain attributes (variables) and methods (functions).

A class is defined almost like a function, but using the class keyword, and the class definition
usually contains a number of class method definitions (a function in a class).

• Each class method should have an argument self as it first argument. This
object is a self-reference.

• Some class method names have special meaning, for example:


– __init__: The name of the method that is invoked when the object is first
created.
– __str__ : A method that is invoked when a simple string representation of the
class is needed, as for example when printed.
– There are many more, see
[Link]
– [Link]
from [Link] import Image
Image(filename='../../Images/[Link]')

Image(filename='../../Images/[Link]')
class Point:
def __init__(self, x, y):
"""
Create a new Point at x, y.
"""
self.x = x
self.y = y

def translate(self, dx, dy):


"""
Translate the point by dx and dy in the x and y direction.
"""
self.x += dx
self.y += dy

def __str__(self):
return("Point at [%f, %f]" % (self.x, self.y))

To create a new instance of a class:

p1 = Point(0, 0) # this will invoke the __init__ method in the Point


class

print("1: ", p1) # this will invoke the __str__ method


1: Point at [0.000000, 0.000000]

To invoke a class method in the class instance p:

p2 = Point(1, 1)

[Link](0.25, 1.5)

print("1: ", p1)


print("2: ", p2)

1: Point at [0.250000, 1.500000]


2: Point at [1.000000, 1.000000]

Another example

class Circle:
pi = 3.14

# Circle gets instantiated with a radius (default is 1)


def __init__(self, radius=1):
[Link] = radius
[Link] = radius * radius * [Link]

# Method for resetting Radius


def setRadius(self, new_radius):
[Link] = new_radius
[Link] = new_radius * new_radius * [Link]

# Method for getting Circumference


def getCircumference(self):
return [Link] * [Link] * 2

c = Circle()

print('1: Radius is: ',[Link])


print('2: Area is: ',[Link])
print('3: Circumference is: ',[Link]())

1: Radius is: 1
2: Area is: 3.14
3: Circumference is: 6.28

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