Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. IR frequencies are usually expressed in:
A) Hz
B) nm
C) cm⁻¹
D) eV
2. The most widely used IR region is:
A) Near-IR
B) Mid-IR
C) Far-IR
D) UV
3. Mid-IR region ranges from:
A) 12,800–4000 cm⁻¹
B) 4000–400 cm⁻¹
C) 400–10 cm⁻¹
D) 1000–100 cm⁻¹
4. Only vibrations that cause change in ______ are IR active:
A) Mass
B) Energy
C) Dipole moment
D) Bond length
5. For nonlinear molecules, vibrational degrees of freedom =
A) 3n − 5
B) 3n − 6
C) 2n − 6
D) n − 1
6. Stretching vibration involves:
A) Change in bond angle
B) Change in bond length
C) Rotation
D) Translation
7. Hydrogen bonding causes:
A) Peak sharpening
B) Shift to higher frequency
C) Broadening and shift to lower frequency
D) No effect
8. Carbonyl (C=O) stretching generally appears in:
A) 4000–3500 cm⁻¹
B) 3000–2800 cm⁻¹
C) 1870–1540 cm⁻¹
D) 1000–500 cm⁻¹
9. Alkane C–H stretching appears near:
A) 3500 cm⁻¹
B) 3000–2840 cm⁻¹
C) 2200 cm⁻¹
D) 1600 cm⁻¹
10. Alkene C=C stretching appears near:
A) 1700 cm⁻¹
B) 1667–1640 cm⁻¹
C) 2250 cm⁻¹
D) 3000 cm⁻¹
11. Alkyne C≡C stretch occurs at:
A) 3300 cm⁻¹
B) 1700 cm⁻¹
C) 2260–2100 cm⁻¹
D) 1000 cm⁻¹
12. Aromatic C–H stretching appears at:
A) 3100–3000 cm⁻¹
B) 2900–2800 cm⁻¹
C) 2200 cm⁻¹
D) 1500 cm⁻¹
13. Free O–H stretch appears near:
A) 2500 cm⁻¹
B) 3000 cm⁻¹
C) 3700–3584 cm⁻¹
D) 1600 cm⁻¹
14. Carboxylic acid O–H stretch is:
A) Sharp
B) Weak
C) Broad (3300–2500 cm⁻¹)
D) Absent
15. Ester C=O stretch appears at:
A) 1815 cm⁻¹
B) 1750–1735 cm⁻¹
C) 1680 cm⁻¹
D) 1600 cm⁻¹
16. Amide C=O (Amide I band) appears at:
A) 1750 cm⁻¹
B) 1680–1630 cm⁻¹
C) 1550 cm⁻¹
D) 1400 cm⁻¹
17. Primary amine N–H stretching shows:
A) One band
B) Two bands
C) Three bands
D) No band
18. Nitrile (C≡N) absorption occurs at:
A) 1700 cm⁻¹
B) 3300 cm⁻¹
C) 2260–2240 cm⁻¹
D) 1500 cm⁻¹
19. Functional group region is:
A) 4000–1300 cm⁻¹
B) 1300–400 cm⁻¹
C) 4000–400 cm⁻¹
D) 2000–1000 cm⁻¹
20. Fingerprint region is:
A) 4000–3000 cm⁻¹
B) 2000–1500 cm⁻¹
C) 1300–400 cm⁻¹
D) 800–600 cm⁻¹
21. FT-IR uses:
A) Prism
B) Grating
C) Interferometer
D) Filter
22. ATR technique:
A) Needs complex preparation
B) Eliminates sample preparation
C) Used only for gases
D) Used only for solids
23. Increasing ring strain shifts C=O to:
A) Lower frequency
B) Higher frequency
C) No change
D) Zero
24. Conjugation lowers C=O frequency by:
A) 5 cm⁻¹
B) 10 cm⁻¹
C) 20–30 cm⁻¹
D) 100 cm⁻¹
25. IR is widely used for:
A) Molecular weight determination
B) Functional group identification
C) Nuclear spin analysis
D) Electron density measurement
26. Mass spectrometry determines:
A) Melting point
B) Molecular weight
C) Color
D) Solubility
27. Mass spectrum is a plot of:
A) Intensity vs wavelength
B) Abundance vs m/z
C) Energy vs time
D) Frequency vs absorbance
28. Electron impact energy commonly used:
A) 10 eV
B) 20 eV
C) 50 eV
D) 70 eV
29. Molecular ion is:
A) Neutral molecule
B) Radical cation
C) Anion
D) Protonated molecule
30. Base peak represents:
A) Highest m/z
B) Molecular ion
C) Most abundant ion
D) Smallest fragment
31. Only ______ species are detected:
A) Neutral
B) Charged
C) Radical
D) Excited
32. Bromine isotope pattern shows:
A) M+2 one-third M
B) M+2 equal to M
C) No M+2
D) M+1 dominant
33. Chlorine isotope ratio (M : M+2) is:
A) 1:1
B) 2:1
C) 3:1
D) 4:1
34. Nitrogen rule: Odd molecular mass indicates:
A) Even N
B) Odd N
C) No N
D) Halogen
35. IHD formula is:
A) C – H/2 + 1
B) C – H/2 – X/2 + N/2 + 1
C) H – C/2
D) N – H
36. M–18 peak indicates loss of:
A) CH₃
B) NH₃
C) H₂O
D) CO
37. M–15 peak indicates loss of:
A) OH
B) CH₃
C) NH₂
D) CO
38. EI fragmentation increases at:
A) 10–15 eV
B) 50–70 eV
C) 5 eV
D) 100 eV
39. In magnetic sector analyzer, highest m/z:
A) Deflected most
B) Deflected least
C) Not deflected
D) Neutral
40. Ion source function:
A) Detect ions
B) Accelerate ions
C) Produce gaseous ions
D) Record data
41. Analyzer separates ions by:
A) Size
B) Charge
C) m/z ratio
D) Color
42. Detector measures:
A) Wavelength
B) Current
C) Frequency
D) Dipole
43. Aromatic compounds show:
A) Weak molecular ion
B) Strong molecular ion
C) No molecular ion
D) Negative ions
44. Allylic cleavage produces:
A) Primary carbocation
B) Unstable ion
C) Resonance-stabilized ion
D) Neutral molecule
45. Tertiary carbocation is:
A) Least stable
B) Most stable
C) Neutral
D) Impossible
46. Loss of small neutral molecules is common in:
A) EI fragmentation
B) IR
C) NMR
D) UV
47. McLafferty rearrangement is:
A) Simple cleavage
B) Rearrangement reaction
C) Oxidation
D) Reduction
48. Chemical ionization (CI) gives:
A) More fragmentation
B) No molecular ion
C) Strong M+1 peak
D) Negative ions only
49. Alcohols often show:
A) Strong molecular ion
B) M–1 peak
C) M+2 peak
D) No peaks
50. MS is destructive because:
A) Uses heat
B) Uses light
C) Sample is consumed
D) Uses acid