| Uor'T - 4 Bers tor duclss Devites # Applicaton, fon Dunckion aide: “xe FV Jvnekion drode 14 2 Boer cd Geri fonduckey device. nciy aljova, cureent Lo Pow In only one diveekion. : ‘ wokis mode by Jorning Lwo Lypes of Spenitor duclkor malertals, ve. Bort conduelor vee Om = p-by ive, Chosge covsters) abundence of poles (Posi ‘ n- Fyfe Berricorduelss : of elealrons (negetve choye Heb am o\our done Comsiers 4) th sition \4)icon| Calbede Working Parinciple *: f ). Fos reelion of wre PN Junction: — ywhen Lhe Lyre D n> Lyre meteials ove Joined velectaons fyory aVhe p-side ditluse into the f43de & vetormbine With beles, MTHS Coenbs. & depletion yegi on Deo bh Stynclion Wilk ro ree chorge Comnieys, acking as a borries. D. Biasing Lhe Dicer: HY orwesd Bias. Positive Lesmina) of Lhe ballery Connected Lo the P-Side and negetne lo the N-S8de she br: }5 xoducod, onowig curvenk be flow w Reverse Biag: Psi bive erring) b- yhe n-side ond negative to Lhe Pp-4 The bernie In Crease, ond —— \irtle current flows (gusta Liey leakage Cresent. y DePielson xeon, QR Tyr . yrolesids Calleds \ Cleclrorg,a 7 ae Calted. Pov werk Biesing ff rN argues, asade.: Connecking he sibive | "Lo \he Re Lyre Aida yhe: We bype TE Meers \Losmine) of a bett ord the nective Lesrirne) Lo A302. Sa fogice “2 g Zs. Reduced Deplekion ig orhe Cnkesral Nolbage opposes tre belt fotentia) boawries , Fe ie oe peas dere joyer. mR dorriers rrovernent : 2 qaolee from Lhe Bg side ¢ axe Lowesd he junction , é 2 Elec rons © Prora, ThE ve Bidle! Seno, Lowered! Whe eee PE” fj fh “In shed a a faswrd 2S Bs f Pen Syeclion onma lurvvent flow: Once Lhe applied Nov bage excoeds Lhe Lhveshoid [abovk ov fox SIGN), chorge Cassiess Cross the Jurcti, allow ing Bignificent Current Lo fod Lbs), Lhe dicde, The diode Con duets Current in fosword bi. mw Enedes esy boo of ourvent- a Diode Conducts When foswosd voltage exceeds Lhe Lvetheld. a Revesse Biasirg of FW Jurclion Diek Se we BL oteurS when the postkive besmire’ wore SS Connecked bo the ond he negetive here’. e 9- Lyre yrolesial. Bormert sr of ao Noltage 9° NE Lyre enaberia) \ Connected , \o eh e . eS eleva fe vee”?Te we Widering of depletion Region * ; width agplied Voltage | intvease3 the of vhe deplelinn vegion, preven Ein curwvent flow. a very Sreat) Curvest | Only a Liny Jeskage Current ( dve ho minostly Lorsins ) flows, LYypiceny Fr Lhe microampase TENe . she ‘diede offess very xv Idigh vessatene + tn UNS Gordikion high xesistere bo Current » P-4side negekive Loveine)?, N-side Lo 90 BR vive ecreninal currrent flows’ (3des! diok we vo Bignificent plec kS cunvents) » Used in blocking oF Vet chavaclevslts | of Pa jure Prokece ton ¢ yrcvits. Lion diede: ) < Zero bios a3(™P) sees a a. Fosusd bias 1 careert= f 3. Rovewe bias £ “: oo /. ie ver “voRecirverers a Reclifiey {6 an cleclsical denive, which Convwi': on ANLarnoking, Current (ac) jrte arhke porce of Conver Ling Ac inte DC 'S Caled reeki lication. a Reclifitakion 9 Lhe most Smpostant applitehs ode . a Divetk Curren of Oo PW Sumion a % Two Lypes oF veclibers, Niwot wove rectifiers si) Fon weve veekifiers 2 wHiAail Wave veekities utilize only one side of o wove las durirgy Khe AC lo DL Conversion * TUN wove veclifims vee both 43068 ofa usvle Hak wove Rerls erg - a TL 1S an electronic civcuik Ehok Ce) al LesneL im Current (as) inhouse b Current [ but only V4e4 one hail cycle (Positive. os negoLive) of Ehe Ac signa),7 civevik Deegan > dn ho07 een > | sa CC =e n I apie sonbp: vnahenes __ ai pmol be (vers) 2 / C Doel ce Baer dow nee Siz Nie | r : (wor) | inet 1) | J r L Ree Usbied ovtyt - tons) " Live (ro, Ja esed ovtpt (ony ian f Eww Ir One sa Diode S pMN0aS current bo t advection only, * PL Souxre | Provides lhe Snpuk 4i9r0) . ¥ Load Regisler (a2) Conneeed in Series Lo recewe Lhe ~seatified oubpul. Wosking Principle: HDvv%ng Lhe postive holf-cycle of Lhe AC input, the diode 15 forwosd - biased and Conducts Curvent bhragh Lhe loool. r »Dusng “he negobive horf-cyele, Lhe Groza 1S ~everse - biased acd blocks curvent, 4o ro Current Slows Lhvough Ehe ead, wthe outpub is pulsating De- vt bas only fossbive Vortage, bub V's/ rob) Srrogkh oy & prdvorkaqets ] ow Tk 35 cheap, imple 2 easy bo constovel. ugL has low number of Components Pavel’ AaDidad vantages 2A hol wore weekifier 16 varely used in paclice. oe SE IS Never giclerred as Vhe fowes Supply of an oudso lor orcleg)) cixveviL betavse oF the Vessy high od pple facies: A Iq\h vip ple Cootos wi veg0Ik in reized in Snput audio igre, which Je lun wl affeck audio quality, Curr weve Recbifier: pant al ao full wove sseckifies iS an | ejeckroni¢ Civcuit Eke Grvetts an entie Input MS Unidixecione by Using bokh Yhee Posi hive 1 de ovtpel. Bigre) ‘re % ad lea THF ond nage lve polves of Lhe of Suit weve csealifier, Ac wevelos ™, a Two Lyps Top Pun weve woe itiex 2D Cerler - 8) Bridge ayecks tieyCraik Degont ¥ 5 Curent, flrs = E ware) whn D, forbes AC eye Rr Sen extine Curent {ous rate! when Dp Corchelg, pee 2 oukpuk Wovefer res. prep ote (vars) prc anrut frrooe Nin ae wort) | ye aN eg Gh oR i | \ 1 Le (ms) I a ° oO ee o Food a) No Cr Ne WV NE ye” (ver | Dyer (5,Yori Principles one. veckifiey 55 bosedon the use of a ® SUN holves of on Ac Inprt didlos Lo torvest. \bolh Bigno\ into Puigaking DC. Tr Conber-T9P Full wave Rec fier, he upper eth of Vhe ksens{armes yetowes fos Ene. so Diode Di Conducts, D, 1 Soverse biazeck | sw Lrwough kha Jood im OMe dreekion no (isomer betorres » » Curreck F\ wane lower “haf of he le Pos Ave (due bo che’, Conlor- bef): a Dado Do Condes, Di 04 wovenee biased , Lough ‘Eke lead! in the B Current agorn f\ows Borne Alixecl ion, win Bridge Full wore for ducl fox goaikive hol oyele. # Current Slows from Zoyite ‘Eyroug Reckifier, Diode D, aD , D, —leed- Dy -bock bo 4ourle. “a Diode VD ? Dy Con duck (sr neplive helf aye’ » Cyrsert flows (eorn Sante Lerough Dy-)eed - Di-back lo Sourle .# 9m both eye les, Phe Curvent L 16 IW Whe Sorme Giver Lion, syoguting, 1% Luly weve weel> Jicotion. soctuke Rub Rovertagei a Wighey eff scienoy Ur » Wighe Average oulpul vollage 4 Sreosther Oub put & Berler Lrorsfsrney UL ization | »Continuus Power Delivery Disadvortages: Z # Complore civevit i * Voltage Dep # Sons (srmex Seg vivemont » Heol Diss) palion oe \esough ERe hen.Zenes Digde arciel byte of dliede wort co flow nok only Vike o Lypicol diode. y~ Pp Zerev dianle 16a dasigned to anow Cv in tre Josworre Aixeclion w~ Bt, olsp in the Yoverse divection Wher the Voitoge onteala a Corbein Value coed he Zener breakdown VO'tQGE - x Deer Breakdown Vettage, The voltage ob Which Ene diode stevts be, Cee a BerER . *Vortage Regulakion + Commonly: Used, Lo eeaintain O 6table Voltage across loads Jy Powes supplies, # Reverse Blas Oferalion . Moinly Zed in -~xevexse Bios (calkwde more frsitve Lher arede). wT thoratlereics side curr2D x. When Lhe reverse. Voltage applied Acros, ij Lhe Zener dicde exterds We rralod Voltage of re dovice a Pre cegs, 15 coniedl Dvalre he Brealedow n, eve VolLage Point at which Lhe Voltage Qtrsrbs Lhe Zensy diode betores Stoble 5 Called Lhe onan Volkage (ve), ZenerDiode ag ~oltage RequlekarwTKe Pirk at Which the Zenex, Valage Legge Vhe Current to flow Eks00g hh Le diode Con be vey acourelely gorlerd OA sn Lhe de ping Arege of the dicdos gomitordvetar Constwclion giving \-he dicta a specific Zerer Breakdown Voltage. pvelonche Prealecbon! y x fvolanche Breakdow 7 happas. due lo Lhe ovelenche effect - . AGL the wevere bias, yor kage. % vey high then. \be depletion Yegion widers, ard, Ehe Clockic field 32 quite; slog’: ww Gp happens, wher the loping Concentration VS loutievitrrediumy, im Rhe Pe nN type melertals, For ticularly res Yhe yunetion of. rhe _ wo mokeriols: ae Alf0. the Votage applied ocress Eg diode in voyey se bias envst be vey high, ev \ostence rose then Bov. : RS>, ‘Zener Breakabwn > a St happens when the doping Contonbechion ye Onek Yernely high . Pe 140, Lhe Vol tane appried! Qoress Iehe hoc Con be 1044, (Sr inshente 4 lo BV. TRevsrsion> xR Lronsishor 16 4 Semitonducler device) a! Lo amplify or Switch electronic” 519nel6 and Clecdvita) fower + % aw Skisa fundomente) building block ae rrodern cleekon'e — dexiven, j 5 a Thee ore wo mein. lype of bransishors: ” UN Peley Dunclion Srronsishey (oi) q ® Bplay Junction Trrensishor (853) . i) Fierd effect S-rensishoy (¥ £5) } UVF. Current tenduckion isenly due bo one byfeo} con U6ea bekh eleclron 2 hole Chewge Ceo, FET 2 ConolS current Laing Cn Cleave Fretnot hos Lhyvee besminels . y Eritley 2 Base (oY hale fn Fetes) & Collects (oy Dsatn in Fess) a JrengistaSs ove vsed in & wide vVeriely of a plicebions , inclvcking rAmplitias 3Dig3 tel \ogi¢ oiveuns wNoltage segvlakiorn w Buitching cireils aS A CSSenne, a \wersistom. oct a4, ar ee frome Bwiteh ov Signo) am@plitier, «oh Fyre" in aner Sronsiskow = a r oi weve, Goorsistor NPN Fronsishos 1 loyers oveengod ag wlyge, Slyre, w- Type» BPNP Srensistoy | Lowes orvengecclO8 Pr hype, Ne Sype, P-TYPE. en Ypsol) 2+ Oo Fe—jn |F Erber pa sya tkion BB Salion_ PT Teleleleoe tes E Emibles (2) — Heavily doped! Le inject chexge Conia , Bose (8) - The ord lightly doped bo allr Grice be fase through , @rectss () — Collects Chorge Convins, trocleralyl oped Ofewe: Lion rvodes HP eLive : Emivley bose Junction Pasword bi Colleokss — hese sevexse biased. x Evbsty Both Junchona reverse, | biaseol. mEclrolion | Bokh Junckions fosuord biaseq w Reverse pelve x opposite of achive rode,Ce_- Con gure: io w OL {6 ore of Lhe Vwao Pasl? (or (igure ven of & Bifoles Junction Gmersielor(@gi) ,\he ovr? being Comreon Bose (c%) | foreveon correctsr (ce). me SHO eritlor Lewmina) Ere Ine 4 ovkpuk civevils, Srpk is applied kel weon Vbhe base % forarnor) ‘Lo ball » ae Critter: uw Ske ovtpl 16 baken belween the Collrlor % Omi ther . IFET + TLisa Lype of Cera. eftect leers Aor Vhe Clow of Cursor using an ” prot contrelS electric field. 4 GS) isa vrortage - Contaaoal device ? o BT which ‘4s cuvvect Conronled | unlike eo 00 Lavreinels , eZanco(s) ° habe (bh) * dotn (D)— Wo ype s eN-chonre] JFET + Current Flows Lh, on n-lype Chonne)- : olga honnel DFer : Current flows Hy a fe lyfe Chenne) rePen Trorsiskor: Gene p prorsishor