Yes — according to your syllabus, Shell Programming (with bash) should include programs
on:
shell introduction
pipes and redirection
running shell scripts
meta characters
file name substitution
shell variables
command substitution
environment
quoting
test command
control structures
arithmetic in shell
functions
interrupt processing
debugging shell scripts
Below are 15 shell programming programs with output as per syllabus.
Shell Programming Programs with Output
1. Simple shell script to print a message
#!/bin/bash
echo "Welcome to Shell Programming"
echo "Operating System Lab"
Output
Welcome to Shell Programming
Operating System Lab
2. Shell script using variables
#!/bin/bash
name="Aman"
course="MCA"
echo "Student Name: $name"
echo "Course: $course"
Output
Student Name: Aman
Course: MCA
3. Taking input from user
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter your name:"
read name
echo "Enter your age:"
read age
echo "Hello $name, your age is $age"
Sample Output
Enter your name:
Rahul
Enter your age:
21
Hello Rahul, your age is 21
4. Arithmetic operations in shell
#!/bin/bash
a=20
b=10
sum=$((a+b))
sub=$((a-b))
mul=$((a*b))
div=$((a/b))
echo "Sum = $sum"
echo "Subtraction = $sub"
echo "Multiplication = $mul"
echo "Division = $div"
Output
Sum = 30
Subtraction = 10
Multiplication = 200
Division = 2
5. Using test command for checking greater number
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter first number:"
read a
echo "Enter second number:"
read b
if [ $a -gt $b ]
then
echo "$a is greater"
else
echo "$b is greater"
fi
Sample Output
Enter first number:
12
Enter second number:
7
12 is greater
6. Even or odd number using if-else
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter a number:"
read n
if [ $((n % 2)) -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$n is Even"
else
echo "$n is Odd"
fi
Sample Output
Enter a number:
15
15 is Odd
7. For loop program
#!/bin/bash
for i in 1 2 3 4 5
do
echo "Number: $i"
done
Output
Number: 1
Number: 2
Number: 3
Number: 4
Number: 5
8. While loop program
#!/bin/bash
i=1
while [ $i -le 5 ]
do
echo "Value of i = $i"
i=$((i+1))
done
Output
Value of i = 1
Value of i = 2
Value of i = 3
Value of i = 4
Value of i = 5
9. Case statement program
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter a character:"
read ch
case $ch in
[a-z]) echo "Lowercase alphabet" ;;
[A-Z]) echo "Uppercase alphabet" ;;
[0-9]) echo "Digit" ;;
*) echo "Special character" ;;
esac
Sample Output
Enter a character:
A
Uppercase alphabet
10. Command substitution
#!/bin/bash
today=$(date)
current_dir=$(pwd)
echo "Today's date is: $today"
echo "Current directory is: $current_dir"
Sample Output
Today's date is: Tue Apr 22 10:30:15 IST 2025
Current directory is: /home/user
11. File existence check
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter file name:"
read file
if [ -f "$file" ]
then
echo "File exists"
else
echo "File does not exist"
fi
Sample Output
Enter file name:
[Link]
File exists
12. Redirection and pipes
#!/bin/bash
echo "This is shell programming" > [Link]
echo "Linux and OS lab" >> [Link]
cat [Link] | sort
Output
Linux and OS lab
This is shell programming
13. Function in shell script
#!/bin/bash
sum() {
s=$(( $1 + $2 ))
echo "Sum = $s"
}
sum 12 8
Output
Sum = 20
14. Quoting example
#!/bin/bash
name="Shell"
echo 'Welcome to $name Programming'
echo "Welcome to $name Programming"
Output
Welcome to $name Programming
Welcome to Shell Programming
15. Debugging shell script
#!/bin/bash
set -x
a=5
b=3
c=$((a+b))
echo "Sum = $c"
set +x
Output
+ a=5
+ b=3
+ c=8
+ echo 'Sum = 8'
Sum = 8
+ set +x
Extra important syllabus-based programs
16. Environment variable display
#!/bin/bash
echo "Home Directory: $HOME"
echo "User Name: $USER"
echo "Shell Name: $SHELL"
echo "Present Working Directory: $PWD"
Sample Output
Home Directory: /home/student
User Name: student
Shell Name: /bin/bash
Present Working Directory: /home/student
17. Filename substitution using wildcard
#!/bin/bash
echo "List of .txt files:"
ls *.txt
Sample Output
List of .txt files:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
18. Menu-driven calculator
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter first number:"
read a
echo "Enter second number:"
read b
echo "1. Add"
echo "2. Subtract"
echo "3. Multiply"
echo "4. Divide"
echo "Enter choice:"
read ch
case $ch in
1) echo "Sum = $((a+b))" ;;
2) echo "Difference = $((a-b))" ;;
3) echo "Product = $((a*b))" ;;
4) echo "Quotient = $((a/b))" ;;
*) echo "Invalid choice" ;;
esac
Sample Output
Enter first number:
20
Enter second number:
4
1. Add
2. Subtract
3. Multiply
4. Divide
Enter choice:
4
Quotient = 5
19. Signal handling / interrupt processing
#!/bin/bash
trap "echo 'Interrupt signal received'; exit" SIGINT
echo "Press Ctrl+C to stop"
while true
do
echo "Running..."
sleep 2
done
Sample Output
Press Ctrl+C to stop
Running...
Running...
Running...
^CInterrupt signal received
20. Factorial of a number
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter a number:"
read n
fact=1
i=1
while [ $i -le $n ]
do
fact=$((fact*i))
i=$((i+1))
done
echo "Factorial = $fact"
Sample Output
Enter a number:
5
Factorial = 120
Best 15 shell programs for your practical file
If your teacher asks for 15 shell programs, use these:
1. Simple shell script
2. Variables
3. User input
4. Arithmetic operations
5. Greater number using test
6. Even/odd
7. For loop
8. While loop
9. Case statement
10. Command substitution
11. File existence check
12. Pipes and redirection
13. Function in shell
14. Quoting example
15. Signal handling / interrupt processing
How to run a shell program
Save program in a file, for example [Link]
chmod +x [Link]
./[Link]
or
bash [Link]
Viva important syllabus keywords
You should also remember these terms:
#!/bin/bash → shebang line
read → input from user
echo → display output
$var → variable value
$(command) → command substitution
> → overwrite file
>> → append file
| → pipe
-f → file exists
case → multiple choice control structure
trap → interrupt/signal handling
set -x → debugging
I can format all of this into a practical notebook style with Aim, Program, Output, and
Result.