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Rational Numbers

The document explains rational numbers, including their definition and properties, as well as the classification of numbers such as integers, whole numbers, natural numbers, and prime numbers. It also outlines tests of divisibility for various numbers and discusses properties of numbers like closure, commutative, associative, and distributive properties. Additionally, it describes the process of rationalization and the identity properties of addition and multiplication.

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2 views2 pages

Rational Numbers

The document explains rational numbers, including their definition and properties, as well as the classification of numbers such as integers, whole numbers, natural numbers, and prime numbers. It also outlines tests of divisibility for various numbers and discusses properties of numbers like closure, commutative, associative, and distributive properties. Additionally, it describes the process of rationalization and the identity properties of addition and multiplication.

Uploaded by

gaurika05112
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

RATIONAL NUMBERS

Real numbers(R)- Rational and irrational numbers taken togrther are real numbers

Rational Numbers(Q) ̅)
....0.14473,....0.005....2/3...1/5 Irrational numbers(𝑸
.......200.05............ Ex: √2,√7,3-√5,√2+√8
Integer(I or Z)..--3,2,-
1,0,1,2,3....
Whole
Numbers (W) “TESTS OF DIVISIBILITY”
0,1,2,3......
Natural ❖ Division by 2: The last digit should
Numbers (N) be divisible by 2. Ex 52
1,2,3,...... ❖ Division by 3:The sum of its digit is
divisible by 3. Ex 192 (1+9+2=12 is
divisible by 3)
❖ Division by 4: The last two digits
• Positive number 'p' is prime if should be divisible by 4. Ex 172
Prime p>1 & p does not have factor ❖ Division by 5: The last digit should
Number other than [Link]-2,3....
be either 0 or [Link] 65,90
❖ Division by 6: The number should be
• Two numbers a and b are co-
prime if the only common divisible by 2 and 3. Ex 12
Co- divisor of a and b is 1. ❖ Division by 8: The last three digits
prime Ex-3 and 5
Number should be divisible by 8. Ex 33176
❖ Division by 9: The sum of its digit is
• Prime numbers differing by two divisible by 9. Ex 198 (1+9+8=18 is
are said to be twin prime. Ex: 5
Twin and 7, 11 and 13 divisible by 9)
Prime ❖ Division by 10: The last digit should
• They are set of three be 0. Ex 1120
consecutive prime numbers ❖ Division by 11: The difference
Prime with difference of two. Ex: 3, 5 between sum of even digits and sum
triplet and 7 of odd digits should be either 0 or
multiple of 11. Ex 72512 (sum of even
• Number greater than 1 and not = 2+1=3 and sum of odd places=
Compos a prime number,is a composite
ite number. Ex-6,8,9 7+5+2=14. Their difference is 13-
Number 3=11 )

Rationalizing factor (RF): The product of two rational factor is a rational, each is called
rationalizing factor of other. Ex: (√3+1) × (√3-1) = 3-1 = 2 is rational. (√3+1) and (√3-1) are RF of
each other
RATIONAL NUMBERS
• It is a process of multiplying an irrational number by its
rationalising factor.
Rationalisation • Step 1: Divide and multiply by rationalising factor of the
denominator
• Step 2 : Simplify , if necessary

PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS

CLOSURE PROPERTY : For any two numbers 'a' and 'b' belonging to N, W, I or Q. Then
(a+b), (a-b), (a×b) and (a÷b) also belongs to N, W, I or Q respectively

COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY : For any two numbers 'a' and 'b' belonging to N, W, I or R, it
can be shown that a+b= b+a ; a-b≠b-a ; a×b=b×a ; a÷b≠b÷a

ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY : For any three numbers 'a' ,'b'and 'c' belonging to N, W, I or R,
it can be shown that a+(b+c)= (a+b)+c ; a-(b-c)≠(a-b)-c ; a×(b×c)=(a×b)×c ;
a÷(b÷c)≠(a÷b)÷c

DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY : For any three numbers 'a' ,'b'and 'c', the following results are
true a×(b+c)= (a×b)+(a×c) and a×(b-c)= (a×b)-(a×c)

• If zero is added to any number, the value of the number remains unchanged.
This property of zero is called “Identity for Addition”. Ex : 5+0=5
• If one is multiplied with any number, the value of number remains unchanged.
This property of one is called “Identity for Multiplication”. Ex: (-6)×1=(-6)

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