Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems Semester 6

Course Code BCO601 CIE Marks 50

Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 3:0:2:0 SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40 hours Theory + 8-10 Lab slots Total Marks 100
Credits 04 Exam Hours 3
Examination nature (SEE) Theory/practical
[Link] Experiments
1 Develop a program to multiply two 16 bit binary numbers.

2
Write a program to find the sum of first 10 integer numbers.
3
Write a program to find factorial of a number.
4
Write a program to add an array of 16 bit numbers and store the 32 bit result in internal RAM
5
Write a program to find the square of a number (1 to 10) using look-up table.
6
Write a program to find the largest/smallest number in an array of 32 numbers .
7
Display “Hello World” message using Internal UART.
8
Interface a Stepper motor and rotate it in clockwise and anti-clockwise direction
9 Display the Hex digits 0 to F on a 7-segment LED interface, with an appropriate delay in
between
10 Interface a 4x4 keyboard and display the key code on an LCD.

Course outcomes (Course Skill Set):

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

● Explain the architectural features and instructions of ARM microcontroller

● Apply the knowledge gained for Programming ARM for different applications.

● Demonstrate Interfacing of external devices and I/O with ARM microcontroller.

● Interpret the basic hardware components and their selection method based on the characteristics and
attributes of an embedded system.

● Develop the hardware /software co-design and firmware design approaches.

Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)

The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE) is 50%.
The minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks out of 50) and for the
SEE minimum passing mark is 35% of the maximum marks (18 out of 50 marks). A student shall be
deemed to have satisfied the academic requirements and earned the credits allotted to each subject/ course if
the student secures a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE (Continuous
Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End Examination) taken together.

CIE for the theory component of the IPCC (maximum marks 50)
IPCC means practical portion integrated with the theory of the course.
● CIE marks for the theory component are 25 marks and that for the practical component is 25 marks.
● 25 marks for the theory component are split into 15 marks for two Internal Assessment Tests (Two
Tests, each of 15 Marks with 01-hour duration, are to be conducted) and 10 marks for other assessment
methods mentioned in 22OB4.2. The first test at the end of 40-50% coverage of the syllabus and the second
test after covering 85-90% of the syllabus.
● Scaled-down marks of the sum of two tests and other assessment methods will be CIE marks for the
theory component of IPCC (that is for 25 marks).
The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the theory component of IPCC.
CIE for the practical component of the IPCC
● 15 marks for the conduction of the experiment and preparation of laboratory record, and 10 marks for
the test to be conducted after the completion of all the laboratory sessions.
● On completion of every experiment/program in the laboratory, the students shall be evaluated including
viva-voce and marks shall be awarded on the same day.
● The CIE marks awarded in the case of the Practical component shall be based on the continuous
evaluation of the laboratory report. Each experiment report can be evaluated for 10 marks. Marks of all
experiments’ write-ups are added and scaled down to 15 marks.
● The laboratory test (duration 02/03 hours) after completion of all the experiments shall be conducted
for 50 marks and scaled down to 10 marks.
● Scaled-down marks of write-up evaluations and tests added will be CIE marks for the laboratory
component of IPCC for 25 marks.
● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the practical component of the IPCC.
SEE for IPCC
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers
for the course (duration 03 hours)
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a
maximum of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
3. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
4. Marks scored by the student shall be proportionally scaled down to 50 Marks
The theory portion of the IPCC shall be for both CIE and SEE, whereas the practical portion will have
a CIE component only. Questions mentioned in the SEE paper may include questions from the
practical component.
 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. LABORATORY SESSION 1 – KEIL INTRODUCTION 5
Experiments Page No
Sl No.
PART A
Write a program to multiply two 16 bit binary numbers. 7
1.
Write a program to find the sum of first 10 integer numbers. 8
2.
Write a program to find factorial of a number. 9
3.
Write a program to add an array of 16 bit numbers and store the 32 10
4.
bit result in internal RAM
Write a program to find the square of a number (1 to 10) using look- 12
5.
up table.
Write a program to find the largest/smallest number in an array of 32 13
6.
numbers
PART B

Display “Hello World” message using Internal UART. 19

7.
Interface a Stepper motor and rotate it in clockwise and anti- 21
8.
clockwise direction.
Interface a 4x4 keyboard and display the key code on an LCD. 23
9.
Display the Hex digits 0 to F on a 7-segment LED interface, with an 29
10.
appropriate delay in between.
MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

INTRODUCTION
An embedded system is an electronic/electro-mechanical system designed to perform a specific
function and is a combination of both hardware and firmware (software). An embedded system
combines mechanical, electrical, and chemical components along with a computer, hidden inside, to
perform a single dedicated purpose.

There are more computers on this planet than there are people, and most of these computers are single-
chip microcontrollers that are the brains of an embedded system. Embedded systems are a ubiquitous
component of our everyday lives. We interact with hundreds of tiny computers every day that are
embedded into our houses, our cars, our bridges, our toys, and our work. As our world has become more
complex, so have the capabilities of the microcontrollers embedded into our devices. Therefore, the world
needs a trained workforce to develop and manage products based on embedded microcontrollers.

A general-purpose computing system is a combination of generic hardware and general-purpose operating

system for executing a variety of application, whereas an embedded system is a combination system is a
combination of special purpose hardware and embedded OS/firmware for executing a specific set of
applications.

The ARM microcontroller stands for Advance Risk Machine; it is one of the extensive and most licensed
processor cores in the world. The first ARM processor was developed in the year 1978 by Cambridge
University, and the first ARM RISC processor was produced by the Acorn Group of Computers in the
year 1985.

These processors are specifically used in portable devices like digital cameras, mobile phones, home
networking modules and wireless communication technologies and other embedded systems due to the
benefits, such as low power consumption, reasonable performance, etc. This article gives an overview of
ARM architecture with each module’s principle of working.

Keil MDK is the complete software development environment for a wide range of ARM Cortex-M based
microcontroller devices. MDK includes the μVision IDE and debugger, Arm C/C++ compiler, and
essential middleware components. It supports all silicon vendors with more than 6,000 devices and is easy
to learn and user.

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Features of ARM Processor

AIM: To study of ARM processor system and describe the features of architecture

Features of ARM DEVELOPMENT KIT Processor:

• 16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static
RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of on-chip flash memory. 128- bit wide interface/accelerator enables high-
speed 60 MHz operation. In System/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot loader
software.

• Single flash sector/full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of 256 bytes in 1 [Link] 2.0
Full-speed compliant device controller with 2 kB of endpoint RAM. The LPC2146/48 provides 8 kB
of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by DMA.

• One or two (LPC2141/42 vs. LPC2144/46/48) 10-bit ADCs provide a total of 6/14 analog inputs, with
conversion times as low as 2.44 μs per channel. Single 10-bit DAC provides variable analog output
(LPC2142/44/46/48 only). Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare
channels each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.

• Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power and 32 kHz clock input. Multiple serial
interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2Cbus (400 kbit/s), SPI and SSP with
buffering and variable data length capabilities.

• Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable priorities and vector addresses. Up to 45 of
5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package. Up to 21 externals
interrupt pins available.

• 60MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with settling time of
100μ[Link]-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal from 1 MHz to 25 MHz Power
saving modes include Idle and Power down.

• Individual enable/disable of peripheral functions as well as peripheral clock scaling for additional
power optimization. Processor wake-up from Power-down mode via external interrupt or BOD.
Single power supply chip with POR and BOD circuits:
CPU operating voltage range of 3.0 V to 3.6 V (3.3 V ± 10 %) with 5 V tolerant I/O pads.

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General Block Diagram:

Power Supply:

• The external power can be AC or DC, with a voltage between (9V/12V, 1A output) at 230V AC input.
The ARM board produces +5V using an LM7805 voltage regulator, which provides supply to the
peripherals.
• LM1117 Fixed +3.3V positive regulator used for processor & processor related peripherals.

Flash Programming Utility

• NXP (Philips) NXP Semiconductors produce a range of Microcontrollers that feature both on-chip Flash
memory and the ability to be reprogrammed using In-System Programming technology.

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PIN DIAGRAM

On-board Peripherals:

• 8-Nos. of Point LED’s (Digital Outputs)

• 8-Nos. of Digital Inputs (slide switch)
• 2 Lines X 16 Character LCD Display
• I2C Enabled 4 Digit Seven-segment display
• 128x64 Graphical LCD Display
• 4 X 4 Matrix keypad
• Stepper Motor Interface
• 2 Nos. Relay Interface
• Two UART for serial port communication through PC
• Serial EEPROM
• On-chip Real Time Clock with battery backup
• PS/2 Keyboard interface(Optional)
• Temperature Sensor
• Buzzer(Alarm Interface)
• Traffic Light Module(Optional)

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KEIL UVISION4 IDE INSTALLATION:

Installation of keiluVision4 as follows.

1. Go to EXE folder and then uvision4.2 in the CD and run Keil4 [Link] file.
2. Next
3. Click on the option “I agree to all the terms of...” and then give Next
4. Next
5. Give name and the mail id (it might be any mail id) and then Next
6. Click Finish to complete the installation.

PROJECT CREATION IN KEILUV4 IDE:

7. Create a project folder before creating NEW project.

8. Open Keil uVision4 IDE software by double clicking on “Keil Uvision4” icon.

9. Go to “Project” then to “New uVision Project” and save it with a name in the respective project folder,
already you created.
10. Select the device as “NXP” In that “LPC2148” then press OK and then press “YES” button to add
“startup’s” file.
11. In startup file go to Configuration Wizard. In Configuration Wizard window uncheck PLL Setup and
check VPBDIV Setup.
12. Go to “File” In that “New” to open an editor window. Create your source file and use the header file
“lpc21xx.h” in the source file and save the file. Colour syntax highlighting will be enabled once the file is
saved with a extension such as “.C “.
13. Right click on “Source Group 1” and select the option “Add Existing Files to Group Source Group
1“add the *.C source file(s) to the group.
14. After adding the source file you can see the file in Project Window.

15. Then go to “Project” in that “Translate” to compile the File (s). Check out the Build output window.

16. Right click on Target1 and select options for Target Target1.

Then go to option “Target” in that

1. Xtal 12.0MHz

2. Select “Use MicroLIB”.

3. Select IROM1 (starting 0x0 size 0x80000).

4. Select IRAM1 (starting 0x40000000 size 0x8000).

Then go to option “Output”

1. Select “Create Hex file”.

2. Then go to option “Linker”
Select “Use Memory Layout for Target Dialog”. To come out of this window press OK.
17. Go to “Project” in that “Build Target” for building all source files such as “.C”,”.ASM”, “.h”, files,
etc…This will create the *.HEX file if no warnings & no Errors. Check out the Build output window.

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PART -A

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Program No.1:-Write a program to multiply two 16 bit binary numbers.

AIM: To write a program to multiply two 16 bit binary numbers using ARM7TDMI/LPC2148 using an evaluation
board/simulator and the required software tool.

AREA MULTIPLY , CODE, READONLY

ENTRY ;MARK FIRST INSTRUCTION TO EXECUTE

START

MOV R1,#6400 ; STORE FIRST NUMBER IN R1

MOV R2,#3200 ; STORE SECOND NUMBER IN R2
MUL R3,R1,R2 ; MULTIPLICATION

STOP B STOP

END ;MARK END OF FILE

RESULT:

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Program No.2:-Write a program to find the sum of first 10 integer numbers.

AIM: To write a program to find the sum of first 10 integer numbers using ARM7TDMI/LPC2148 using an
evaluation board/simulator and the required software tool.

AREA SUM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY

MOV R1, #10 ; LOAD 10 TO REGISTER

MOV R2, #0 ; EMPTY THE REGISTER TO STORE RESULT

LOOP

ADD R2, R2, R1 ; ADD THE CONTENT OF R1 WITH RESULT AT R2

SUBS R1,#0X01 ; DECREMENT R1 BY 1

BNE LOOP ; REPEAT TILL R1 GOES 0

STOP B STOP ; JUMPS BACK TO C CODE

END

RESULT:

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Program No.3 :-Write a program to find factorial of a number.

AIM: To write a program to find factorial of a number using ARM7TDMI/LPC2148 using an evaluation
board/simulator and the required software tool.

AREA FACTORIAL , CODE, READONLY

ENTRY ;MARK FIRST INSTRUCTION TO EXECUTE

START

MOV R0, #4 ; STORE FACTORIAL NUMBER IN R0

MOV R1,R0 ; MOVE THE SAME NUMBER IN R1

FACT SUBS R1, R1, #1 ; SUBTRACTION

CMP R1, #1 ; COMPARISON
BEQ STOP
MUL R3,R0,R1; ; MULTIPLICATION
MOV R0,R3 ; RESULT
BNE FACT ; BRANCH TO THE LOOP IF NOT EQUAL
STOP

STOP B STOP

END ;MARK END OF FILE

RESULT:

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Program No.4:-Write a program to add an array of 16 bit numbers and store the 32
bit result in internal RAM

AIM: To write a program to add an array of 16 bit numbers and store the 32 bit result in internal RAM using an
evaluation board/simulator and the required software tool.

AREA ADDITION , CODE, READONLY

ENTRY ;MARK FIRST INSTRUCTION TO EXECUTE

START
MOV R5,#6 ; INTIALISE COUNTER TO 6(I.E. N=6)
MOV R0,#0 ; INTIALISE SUM TO ZERO
LDR R1,=VALUE1 ; LOADS THE ADDRESS OF FIST VALUE
LOOP
LDR R2,[R1],#2 ; WORD ALIGN T0 ARRAY ELEMENT
LDR R3,MASK ; MASK TO GET 16 BIT
AND R2,R2,R3 ; MASK MSB
ADD R0,R0,R2 ; ADD THE ELEMENTS
SUBS R5,R5,#1 ; DECREMENT COUNTER
CMP R5,#0
BNE LOOP ; LOOK BACK TILL ARRAY ENDS

LDR R4,=RESULT ; LOADS THE ADDRESS OF RESULT

STR R0,[R4] ; STORES THE RESULT IN R1

XSS B XSS

MASK DCD 0X0000FFFF ; MASK MSB

VALUE1 DCW 0X1111,0X2222,0X3333,0XAAAA,0XBBBB,0XCCCC

; ARRAY OF 16 BIT NUMBERS(N=6)

AREA DATA2,DATA,READWRITE ; TO STORE RESULT IN GIVEN ADDRESS

RESULT DCD 0X0

END ; MARK END OF FILE

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RESULT:

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Program No.5:- Write a program to find the square of a number (1 to 10) using look-
up table.

AIM: To write a program to find the square of a number (1 to 10) using look-up table. using ARM7TDMI/LPC2148
using an evaluation board/simulator and the required software tool.

AREA SQUARE , CODE, READONLY

ENTRY ;MARK FIRST INSTRUCTION TO EXECUTE

START
LDR R0, = TABLE1 ; LOAD START ADDRESS OF LOOKUP TABLE
LDR R1,= 3 ; LOAD NO WHOSE SQUARE IS TO BE FIND
MOV R1, R1, LSL#0X2 ; GENERATE ADDRESS CORRESPONDING TO SQUARE OF GIVEN NO
ADD R0, R0, R1 ; LOAD ADDRESS OF ELEMENT IN LOOKUP TABLE
LDR R3, [R0] ; GET SQUARE OF GIVEN NO IN R3

STOP B STOP
;LOOKUP TABLE CONTAINS SQUARES OF NOS FROM 0
TO 10 (IN HEX)
TABLE1 DCD 0X00000000 ;SQUARE OF 0=0
DCD 0X00000001 ;SQUARE OF 1=1
DCD 0X00000004 ;SQUARE OF 2=4
DCD 0X00000009 ;SQUARE OF 3=9
DCD 0X00000010 ;SQUARE OF 4=16
DCD 0X00000019 ;SQUARE OF 5=25
DCD 0X00000024 ;SQUARE OF 6=36
DCD 0X00000031 ;SQUARE OF 7=49
DCD 0X00000040 ;SQUARE OF 8=64
DCD 0X00000051 ;SQUARE OF 9=81
DCD 0X00000064 ;SQUARE OF 10=100

END ; MARK END OF FILE

RESULT:

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Program No.6:- Write a program to find the largest/smallest number in an array of 32

numbers.

AIM: To write a program to find the largest/smallest number in an array of 32 numbers using ARM7TDMI/LPC2148
using an evaluation board/simulator and the required software tool.

AREA LARGEST , CODE, READONLY

ENTRY ;MARK FIRST INSTRUCTION TO EXECUTE

START
MOV R5,#6 ; INTIALISE COUNTER TO 6(I.E. N=7)
LDR R1,=VALUE1 ; LOADS THE ADDRESS OF FIRST VALUE
LDR R2,[R1],#4 ; WORD ALIGN T0 ARRAY ELEMENT
LOOP
LDR R4,[R1],#4 ; WORD ALIGN T0 ARRAY ELEMENT
CMP R2,R4 ; COMPARE NUMBERS
BHI LOOP1 ; IF THE FIRST NUMBER IS > THEN GOTO LOOP1

MOV R2,R4 ; IF THE FIRST NUMBER IS < THEN MOV CONTENT R4 TO R2

LOOP1
SUBS R5,R5,#1 ; DECREMENT COUNTER
CMP R5,#0 ; COMPARE COUNTER TO 0
BNE LOOP ; LOOP BACK TILL ARRAY ENDS

LDR R4,=RESULT ; LOADS THE ADDRESS OF RESULT

STR R2,[R4] ; STORES THE RESULT IN R2

XSS B XSS ; ARRAY OF 32 BIT NUMBERS(N=7)

VALUE1
DCD 0X44444444
DCD 0X22222222
DCD 0X11111111
DCD 0X33333333
DCD 0XAAAAAAAA
DCD 0X88888888
DCD 0X99999999

AREA DATA2,DATA,READWRITE ; TO STORE RESULT IN GIVEN ADDRESS

RESULT DCD 0X0

END ; MARK END OF FILE

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RESULT:

AREA SMALLEST , CODE, READONLY

ENTRY ;MARK FIRST INSTRUCTION TO EXECUTE

START
MOV R5,#6 ; INTIALISE COUNTER TO 6(I.E. N=7)
LDR R1,=VALUE1 ; LOADS THE ADDRESS OF FIRST VALUE
LDR R2,[R1],#4 ; WORD ALIGN T0 ARRAY ELEMENT
LOOP
LDR R4,[R1],#4 ; WORD ALIGN T0 ARRAY ELEMENT
CMP R2,R4 ; COMPARE NUMBERS
BLS LOOP1 ; IF THE FIRST NUMBER IS < THEN GOTO LOOP1

MOV R2,R4 ; IF THE FIRST NUMBER IS > THEN MOV CONTENT R4 TO R2

LOOP1
SUBS R5,R5,#1 ; DECREMENT COUNTER
CMP R5,#0 ; COMPARE COUNTER TO 0
BNE LOOP ; LOOP BACK TILL ARRAY ENDS

LDR R4,=RESULT ; LOADS THE ADDRESS OF RESULT

STR R2,[R4] ; STORES THE RESULT IN R2

XSS B XSS ; ARRAY OF 32 BIT NUMBERS(N=7)

VALUE1
DCD 0X44444444
DCD 0X22222222
DCD 0X11111111
DCD 0X33333333

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DCD 0XAAAAAAAA
DCD 0X88888888
DCD 0X99999999

AREA DATA2,DATA,READWRITE ; TO STORE RESULT IN GIVEN ADDRESS

RESULT DCD 0X0
END ;MARK END OF FILE

RESULT:

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PART- B

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PROCEDURE: PROJECT CREATION IN KEILUV4 IDE:

1. Create a project folder before creating NEW project.
2. Open Keil uVision4 IDE software by double clicking on “Keil Uvision4” icon.
3. Go to “Project” then to “New uVision Project” and save it with a name in the respective project
folder, already you created.
4. Select the device as “NXP” In that “LPC2148” then press OK and then press “YES” button to add
“startup.s” file.
5. In startup file go to Configuration Wizard. In Configuration Wizard window uncheck PLL Setup
and check VPBDIV Setup.
6. Go to “File” In that “New” to open an editor window. Create your source file and use the header file
“lpc21xx.h” in the source file and save the file. Color syntax highlighting will be enabled once the file is
saved with a extension such as “.C “.
7. Right click on “Source Group 1” and select the option “Add Existing Files to Group Source Group
1“add the *.C source file(s) to the group.
8. After adding the source file you can see the file in Project Window.
9. Then go to “Project” in that “Translate” to compile the File (s). Check out the Build output window.
10. Right click on Target1 and select options for Target Target1. Then go to option “Target” in that
1. Xtal 12.0MHz
2. Select “Use MicroLIB”.
3. Select IROM1 (starting 0x0 size 0x80000).
4. Select IRAM1 (starting 0x40000000 size 0x8000).

1. Then go to option “Output”

1. Select “Create Hex file”.
2. Then go to option “Linker”

Select “Use Memory Layout for Target Dialog”. To come out of this window press OK.

11. Go to “Project” in that “Build Target” for building all source files such as “.C”,”.ASM”, “.h”, files,
etc…This will create the *.HEX file if no warnings & no Errors. Check out the Build output window.

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FLASHMAGIC:

Options -> Advanced options -> Hardware Config

Enable these options only
Use DTR and RTS to control RST and ISP pin Keep RTS asserted while COM port open
Press OK then do the below settings

Step1. Communications:
1. Device : LPC2148
2. Com Port : COM1
3. Baud Rate: 9600
4. Interface : None(ISP)
5. Oscillator : 12MHz

Step2. ERASE:
1. Select “Erase Blocks Used By Hex File”.

Step3. Hex file:

1. Browse and select the Hex file which you want to download.

Step4. Options
1. Select “Verify after programming”.

Step5. Start:
2. Click Start to download the hex file to the controller.

After downloading the code the program starts executing in the hardware, then remove the
ISP jumper JP7.

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Program No.7:-Display “Hello World” message using Internal UART.

AIM: To write a program to Display “Hello World” message using Internal UART using an ARM7TDMI/LPC2148
evaluation board using evaluation version of Embedded 'C' & Keil Uvision-4 tool/compiler.

#include <lpc214x.h>
void uart_interrupt(void) irq;

unsigned char temp;

unsigned char rx_flag=0,tx_flag=0;

int main(void)
{
PINSEL0=0X0000005; //select TXD0 and RXD0 lines
U0LCR = 0X00000083; //enable baud rate divisor loading and
U0DLM = 0X00; //select the data format
U0DLL = 0x13; //select baud rate 9600 bps
U0LCR = 0X00000003;
U0IER = 0X03; //select Transmit and Receive interrupt

VICVectAddr0 = (unsigned long)uart_interrupt; //UART 0 INTERRUPT

VICVectCntl0 = 0x20|6; // Assign the VIC channel uart-0 to interrupt priority 0
VICIntEnable = 0x00000040; // Enable the uart-0 interrupt

rx_flag = 0x00;
tx_flag = 0x00;

while(1)
{
while(rx_flag == 0x00); //wait for receive flag to set
rx_flag = 0x00; //clear the flag
while(tx_flag == 0x00); //wait for transmit flag to set
tx_flag = 0x00; //clear the flag
}
}

// Do this forever
void uart_interrupt(void) irq
{
temp = U0IIR;
temp = temp & 0x06;

if(temp == 0x02)
{

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tx_flag = 0xff;
VICVectAddr=0;
}
else if(temp == 0x04)
{
U0THR = U0RBR;
rx_flag = 0xff;
VICVectAddr=0;
}
}

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Program No.8:-Interface a Stepper motor and rotate it in clockwise and anti-

clockwise direction

AIM: To write a program to Interface a Stepper motor and rotate it in clockwise and anti-clockwise direction using an
ARM7TDMI/LPC2148 evaluation board using evaluation version of Embedded 'C' & Keil Uvision-4 tool/compiler.

#include <LPC21xx.H>

void clock_wise(void);
void anti_clock_wise(void);

unsigned long int var1,var2;

unsigned int i=0,j=0,k=0;

int main(void)
{
PINSEL0 = 0x00FFFFFF; //P0.12 to P0.15 GPIo
IO0DIR |= 0x0000F000; //P0.12 to P0.15 output

while(1)
{
for(j=0;j<50;j++) // 20 times in Clock wise Rotation
clock_wise();

for(k=0;k<65000;k++); // Delay to show anti_clock Rotation

for(j=0;j<50;j++) // 20 times in Anti Clock wise Rotation

anti_clock_wise();

for(k=0;k<65000;k++); // Delay to show clock Rotation

} // End of while(1)

} // End of main

void clock_wise(void)
{
var1 = 0x00000800; //For Clockwise
for(i=0;i<=3;i++) // for A B C D Stepping
{
var1 = var1<<1; //For Clockwise
var2 = ~var1;
var2 = var2 & 0x0000F000;

IO0PIN = ~var2;

for(k=0;k<3000;k++); //for step speed variation

}

void anti_clock_wise(void)
{
var1 = 0x00010000; //For Anticlockwise

21 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU

MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

for(i=0;i<=3;i++) // for A B C D Stepping

{
var1 = var1>>1; //For Anticlockwise
var2 = ~var1;
var2 = var2 & 0x0000F000;

IO0PIN = ~var2;
for(k=0;k<3000;k++); //for step speed variation

}
}

22 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU

MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

Program No.9:-Interface a 4x4 keyboard and display the key code on an LCD

AIM: To write a program to a 4x4 keyboard and display the key code on an LCD

#include<lpc21xx.h>
#include<stdio.h>

void lcd_init(void);
void clr_disp(void);
void lcd_com(void);
void lcd_data(void);
void wr_cn(void);
void wr_dn(void);
void scan(void);
void get_key(void);
void display(void);
void delay(unsigned int);
void init_port(void);

unsigned long int scan_code[16]= {0x00EE0000,0x00ED0000,0x00EB0000,0x00E70000,

0x00DE0000,0x00DD0000,0x00DB0000,0x00D70000,
0x00BE0000,0x00BD0000,0x00BB0000,0x00B70000,
0x007E0000,0x007D0000,0x007B0000,0x00770000};

unsigned char ASCII_CODE[16]= {'0','1','2','3',

'4','5','6','7',
'8','9','A','B',
'C','D','E','F'};

unsigned char row,col;

unsigned char temp,flag,i,result,temp1;

unsigned int r,r1;
unsigned long int var,var1,var2,res1,temp2,temp3,temp4;
unsigned char *ptr,disp[] = "4X4 KEYPAD";
unsigned char disp0[] = "KEYPAD TESTING";
unsigned char disp1[] = "KEY = ";
int main()
{
// ARMLIB_enableIRQ();
init_port(); //port intialisation
delay(3200); //delay
lcd_init(); //lcd intialisation
delay(3200); //delay
clr_disp(); //clear display
delay(500); //delay

//........LCD DISPLAY TEST......... //

23 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU

MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

ptr = disp;
temp1 = 0x81; // Display starting address
lcd_com();
delay(800);

while(*ptr!='\0')
{
temp1 = *ptr;
lcd_data();
ptr ++;
}

//........KEYPAD Working ........ //

while(1)
{
get_key();
display();
}

} //end of main()

void get_key(void) //get the key from the keyboard

{
unsigned int i;
flag = 0x00;
IO1PIN=0x000f0000;
while(1)
{
for(row=0X00;row<0X04;row++) //Writing one for col's
{
if( row == 0X00)
{
temp3=0x00700000;
}
else if(row == 0X01)
{
temp3=0x00B00000;
}
else if(row == 0X02)
{
temp3=0x00D00000;
}
else if(row == 0X03)
{
temp3=0x00E00000;
}
var1 = temp3;
IO1PIN = var1; // each time var1 value is put to port1
IO1CLR =~var1; // Once again Conforming (clearing all other bits)

24 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU

MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

scan();
delay(100); //delay
if(flag == 0xff)
break;
} // end of for
if(flag == 0xff)
break;
} // end of while

for(i=0;i<16;i++)
{
if(scan_code[i] == res1) //equate the scan_code with res1
{
result = ASCII_CODE[i]; //same position value of ascii code
break; //is assigned to result
}
}
} // end of get_key();

void scan(void)
{
unsigned long int t;
temp2 = IO1PIN; // status of port1
temp2 = temp2 & 0x000F0000; // Verifying column key
if(temp2 != 0x000F0000) // Check for Key Press or Not
{
delay(1000); //delay(100)//give debounce delay check again
temp2 = IO1PIN;
temp2 = temp2 & 0x000F0000; //changed condition is same

if(temp2 != 0x000F0000) // store the value in res1

{
flag = 0xff;
res1 = temp2;
t = (temp3 & 0x00F00000); //Verfying Row Write
res1 = res1 | t; //final scan value is stored in res1
}
else
{
flag = 0x00;
}
}
} // end of scan()

void display(void)
{
ptr = disp0;
temp1 = 0x80; // Display starting address of first line
lcd_com();

25 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU

MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

while(*ptr!='\0')
{
temp1 = *ptr;
lcd_data();
ptr ++;
}

ptr = disp1;
temp1 = 0xC0; // Display starting address of second line
lcd_com();

while(*ptr!='\0')
{
temp1 = *ptr;
lcd_data();
ptr ++;
}
temp1 = 0xC6; //display address for key value
lcd_com();
temp1 = result;
lcd_data();
}

void lcd_init (void)

{
temp = 0x30;
wr_cn();
delay(3200);

temp = 0x30;
wr_cn();
delay(3200);

temp = 0x30;
wr_cn();
delay(3200);

temp = 0x20;
wr_cn();
delay(3200);

// load command for lcd function setting with lcd in 4 bit mode,
// 2 line and 5x7 matrix display

temp = 0x28;
lcd_com();
delay(3200);

26 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU

MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

// load a command for display on, cursor on and blinking off

temp1 = 0x0C;
lcd_com();
delay(800);

// command for cursor increment after data dump

temp1 = 0x06;
lcd_com();
delay(800);

temp1 = 0x80;
lcd_com();
delay(800);
}

void lcd_data(void)
{
temp = temp1 & 0xf0;
wr_dn();
temp= temp1 & 0x0f;
temp= temp << 4;
wr_dn();
delay(100);
}

void wr_dn(void) ////write data reg

{
IO0CLR = 0x000000FC; // clear the port lines.
IO0SET = temp; // Assign the value to the PORT lines
IO0SET = 0x00000004; // set bit RS = 1
IO0SET = 0x00000008; // E=1
delay(10);
IO0CLR = 0x00000008;
}

void lcd_com(void)
{
temp = temp1 & 0xf0;
wr_cn();
temp = temp1 & 0x0f;
temp = temp << 4;
wr_cn();
delay(500);
}

void wr_cn(void) //write command reg

{
IO0CLR = 0x000000FC; // clear the port lines.

27 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU

MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

IO0SET = temp; // Assign the value to the PORT lines

IO0CLR = 0x00000004; // clear bit RS = 0
IO0SET = 0x00000008; // E=1
delay(10);
IO0CLR = 0x00000008;
}

void clr_disp(void)
{
// command to clear lcd display
temp1 = 0x01;
lcd_com();
delay(500);
}

void delay(unsigned int r1)

{
for(r=0;r<r1;r++);
}

void init_port()
{
IO0DIR = 0x000000FC; //configure o/p lines for lcd
IO1DIR = 0XFFF0FFFF;
}

28 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU

MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

Program No.10:-Display the Hex digits 0 to F on a 7-segment LED interface, with

an appropriate delay in between

AIM: To write a program to Demonstrate the use of an external interrupt to toggle an LED On/Off using an
ARM7TDMI/LPC2148 evaluation board using evaluation version of Embedded 'C' & Keil Uvision-4 tool/compiler.

// ****** changes made by JK 0n 090115

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\DISPLAY ARE CONNECTED IN COMMON CATHODE MODE\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

Port0 Connected to data lines of all 7 segement displays
a

f| g |b
| |
e| |c
---- . dot
d
a = P0.16
b = P0.17
c = P0.18
d = P0.19
e = P0.20
f = P0.21
g = P0.22
dot = P0.23

Select lines for four 7 Segments

DIS1 P0.28
DIS2 P0.29
DIS3 P0.30
DIS4 P0.31

Values Correspoinding to Alphabets 1, 2, 3 and 4

*/

#include <LPC21XX.h>

unsigned int delay;

unsigned int Switchcount=0;
unsigned int Disp[16]={0x003F0000, 0x00060000, 0x005B0000, 0x004F0000,
0x00660000,0x006D0000, 0x007D0000, 0x00070000, 0x007F0000, 0x006F0000,
0x00770000,0x007C0000,0x00390000, 0x005E0000, 0x00790000, 0x00710000 };

#define SELDISP1 0x10000000 //P0.28

#define SELDISP2 0x20000000 //P0.29
#define SELDISP3 0x40000000 //P0.30
#define SELDISP4 0x80000000 //P0.31
#define ALLDISP 0xF0000000 //Select all display
#define DATAPORT 0x00FF0000 //P0.16 to P0.23 Data lines connected to drive Seven
Segments

29 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU

MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY BCO601

int main (void)

{
PINSEL0 = 0x00000000;
PINSEL1 = 0x00000000;
IO0DIR = 0xF0FF0000;
IO1DIR = 0x00000000;

while(1)
{
IO0SET |= ALLDISP; // select all digits
IO0CLR = 0x00FF0000; // clear the data lines to 7-segment displays
IO0SET = Disp[Switchcount]; // get the 7-segment display value from the
array

if(!(IO1PIN & 0x00800000)) // if the key is pressed

{
for(delay=0;delay<100000;delay++) // delay
{}

if((IO1PIN & 0x00800000)) // check to see if key has been released

{
Switchcount++;
if(Switchcount == 0x10) // 0 to F has been displayed ? go back to 0
{
Switchcount = 0;
IO0CLR = 0xF0FF0000;
}
}
}
}
}

30 DEPT. OF CSE-AI & ML, ATMECE , MYSURU