EXCEPTIONAL HANDLING
SARAS MOHAN SRIVASTAVA
PGT (CS)
PM SHRI KV KHANAPARA
ERRORS
Error is a abnormal condition
whenever it occurs execution of the
program is stopped.
An error is a term used to describe any
issue that arises unexpectedly that cause a
computer to not function properly.
Computers can encounter either
software errors or hardware errors.
ERRORS
Errors are mainly classified into following types.
1. Syntax Errors
2. Semantic Errors
3. Run Time Errors.
4. Logical Errors.
1. Syntax Errors
Syntax errors refer to formal rules
governing the construction of valid
statements in a language.
Syntax errors occur when rules of a
programming language are misused i.e.,
when a grammatical rule of the language
is violated.
1. Syntax Errors
For instance in the following program segment,
def main() : (Colon) Missing
a=10
b=3
print(“ Sum is “,a+b
) Missing
2. Semantic Errors
Semantics error occur when statements are not
meaningful
Semantics refers to the set of rules which give
the meaning of the statement.
Example:
Rama plays Guitar
This statement is syntactically and
semantically correct and it has some meaning.
2. Semantic Errors
See the following statement,
Guitar plays Rama
is syntactically correct (syntax is correct) but semantically incorrect.
Similarly, there are semantics rules of programming language, violation of
which results in semantic errors.
X*Y=Z
will result in semantic error as an expression can not come on the left
side of an assignment statement.
3. Run Time Errors.
A Run time error is that occurs during execution of the program. It is
caused because of some illegal operation taking place.
For example:
1. If a program is trying to open a file which does not exists or it could not
be opened(meaning file is corrupted), results into an execution error.
2. An expression is trying to divide a number by zero are RUN TIME
ERRORS.
4. Logical Errors.
A Logical Error is that error which is causes a
program to produce incorrect or undesired
output.
for instance,
ctr=1;
while(ctr<10):
print(n *ctr)
Exceptions
Exceptions
What is an exception?
Even if a statement or expression is
syntactically correct, it may cause an error
when an attempt is made to execute it.
Errors detected during execution are
called exceptions
Exceptions
For Example
Handling Exceptions
Handling Exceptions
It is possible to write programs that handle selected
exceptions. Look at the following example, which asks
the user for input until a valid integer has been entered,
but allows the user to interrupt the program (using
Control-C or whatever the operating system supports);
note that a user-generated interruption is signalled by
raising the KeyboardInterrupt exception.
Handling Exceptions
For Example
Handling Exceptions
The try statement works as follows.
✓First, the try clause (the statement(s) between
the try and except keywords) is executed.
✓If no exception occurs, the except clause is
skipped and execution of the try statement is
finished.
Handling Exceptions
The try statement works as follows.
✓If an exception occurs during execution
of the try clause, the rest of the clause is
skipped. Then if its type matches the
exception named after the except
keyword, the except clause is executed,
and then execution continues after the try
statement.
Handling Exceptions
The try statement works as follows.
✓If an exception occurs which does not
match the exception named in the except
clause, it is passed on to outer try
statements; if no handler is found, it is an
unhandled exception and execution stops
with a message as shown above.
The except Clause with No Exceptions
The except Clause with No Exceptions
You can also use the except statement with no exceptions defined as
follows:
try:
You do your operations here;
except:
If there is any exception, then execute this block…..
else:
If there is no exception then execute this block.
Contd..
The except Clause with No Exceptions
This kind of a try-except statement
catches all the exceptions that occur. Using
this kind of try-except statement is not
considered a good programming practice
though, because it catches all exceptions
but does not make the programmer identify
the root cause of the problem that may
occur.
Example
Example
raise statement
raise statement
You can raise an exception in your own
program by using the raise exception.
Raising an exception breaks current code
execution and returns the exception back
until it is handled.
Syntax:
raise [expression1[, expression2]]
raise Example
raise Example
Some common exceptions
Some common exceptions
IOError
If the file cannot be opened.
ImportError
If python cannot find the module.
ValueError
Raised when a built-in operation or function
receives an argument that has the right type but
an inappropriate value.
Some common exceptions
KeyboardInterrupt
Raised when the user hits the interrupt key
(normally Control-C or Delete).
EOFError
Raised when one of the built-in functions
(input() or raw_input()) hits an end-of-file
condition (EOF) without reading any data
CLASS TEST
CLASS TEST
Time: 40 Min Max Marks: 20
1. Explain the types of errors 05
2. What is an exception? Explain in detail 05
3. What is raise? explain in detail 05
4. Explain some of the common built in exceptions provided in python 05
Thank You