Electronics & Electrical Complete Exam Notes
1. Semiconductor
Semiconductor is a material whose conductivity lies between conductor and insulator.
Types: Intrinsic and Extrinsic.
N-type: electrons majority, P-type: holes majority.
2. Rectifier
Rectifier converts AC into DC.
Half Wave: one half cycle, Full Wave: both half cycles.
Efficiency: Half = 40.6%, Full = 81.2%.
3. Clipper
Clipper removes portion of waveform using diode.
Types: Positive clipper, Negative clipper.
4. Clamper
Clamper shifts waveform level.
Uses diode + capacitor.
5. Transistor
Three terminals: Emitter, Base, Collector.
Configurations: CB, CE, CC. CE widely used.
6. Operational Amplifier
High gain differential amplifier.
Types: Inverting, Non-inverting, Integrator, Differentiator.
7. Transformer
Works on mutual induction.
Step-up and Step-down types.
8. DC Machine
Types: DC motor and DC generator.
Used in industrial drives.
9. RLC Circuit
Series combination of R, L, C.
Resonance when XL = XC.
10. FET
Voltage controlled device.
Types: JFET and MOSFET.
11. JFET
Terminals: Gate, Source, Drain.
High input impedance.
12. MOSFET
Very high input impedance.
Types: Enhancement and Depletion.