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TIC – TAC – TOE GAME

In PYTHON 3
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MINOR PROJECT REPORT

PYTHON (BCAB07L)
(TIC-TAC-TOE Game)
Programming Lab - VI
A report submitted to Punjabi University, PATIALA in
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of
degree course
In
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)
(2025-2026)
6TH SEMESTER
(DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE)

Submitted to: Submitted by:

AKASHDEEP Name: Muskan
(Assistant Professor) Roll No:

BABA MONI JI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

LEHRA MOHABBAT (BATHINDA)

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CONTENT

Sr. No. TITLE Page No.

1. Abstract 4

2. Introduction 5

3. System Analysis 6 to 8

4. System Specification 9-10

5. Software Description 11-12

6. Project Description 13 to 20

7. Code Execution 21 to 23

8. Use Case Diagram 24

9. Methods 25

10. Coding 26 to 33

11. Limitations 34

12. Future Plan 34

13. Reference 34
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1. ABSTRACT

Tic-Tac-Toe is a classic two - player strategy game played on a 3×3 grid,

where players take turns marking spaces with ‘X’ and ‘O’. The objective
of the game is to form a line of three matching symbols horizontally,
vertically, or diagonally before the opponent. This game is believed to
have originated from an ancient Roman game called Terni Lapilli,
making it one of the oldest known strategy games.

This project focuses on the creation and development of the Tic-Tac-Toe

game using basic programming concepts such as loops, conditional
statements, and functions. The game system allows two players to play
alternately, ensures valid moves, updates the game board after each turn,
and checks for winning or draw conditions.

The development of this project demonstrates fundamental programming

skills and logical thinking. It provides a simple and interactive platform for
users while helping developers understand game design and structure.
The project can be further enhanced by adding features like a computer-
Based opponent (AI), Graphical User Interface (GUI), and score tracking
system.
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2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 OBJECTIVE:

One of the most universally played childhood games is TIC

TAC TOE. An interactive TIC TAC TOE game is developed
where two players will be able to play against each other in a
suitable GUI by using proper mouse movements. This game
will start by showing a simple display, prompt the user for a
move and then prints the new board. The board looks like a
large hash symbol (#) with nine slots that can each contain an
X, an O, or a blank. There are two players, the X player and
the O player. By default, player1 (the O player) takes the
initiative. The game will end in two situations: a win, when one
player gets three in a row, horizontally, vertically or diagonally.
A draw, when there are no remaining places to choose and
neither of them has won. Here are some rules for the game:

 The player with symbol ʒO or ʓX goes first

 Players alternate placing X s and O s on the board until either

 one player has three in a row, horizontally, vertically or diagonally; or

 all nine squares are filled.

 The player who can draw three X s or three O s in a row wins.

 If all nine squares are filled and none of the players have three in a row,
the game is a draw.

3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
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INTRODUCTION:

Tic-Tac-Toe is a simple and popular two-player game that is

played on a 3×3 grid. Each player chooses a symbol, either
‘X’ or ‘O’, and takes turns marking empty spaces on the grid.
The main goal of the game is to place three matching symbols
in a straight line, either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. If
all the spaces are filled and no player achieves this, the game
ends in a draw.
This game has been played for many years and is easy to
understand, making it suitable for players of all ages. In the
field of computer science, Tic-Tac-Toe is often used as a
basic example to learn programming and game development
concepts.
The development of this project involves creating a digital
version of the game using programming techniques. It helps
in understanding important concepts such as decision-
making, loops, user input handling, and game logic. This
project serves as a foundation for developing more complex
games and improving logical and analytical skills.

3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM:

The existing system of Tic-Tac-Toe is a manual system,

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where two players play the game using paper and pen by
drawing a 3×3 grid.

Working of Existing System:

 Two players participate in the game

 Players choose symbols (‘X’ and ‘O’)
 They take turns to mark the grid
 The winner is decided manually by checking rows, columns, or
diagonals

Limitations of Existing System:

 ❌ Requires physical materials (paper, pen)

 ❌ No automatic validation of moves
 ❌ Manual checking of winner may lead to errors
 ❌ No record or history of games
 ❌ Not interactive or visually attractive
 ❌ Cannot play alone (no AI opponent)

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The proposed system is a computer-based Tic-Tac-Toe game

developed using programming techniques. It aims to overcome the
drawbacks of the existing system by providing an automated and
interactive platform.
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Working of Proposed System:

 The game is displayed on screen with a 3×3 grid

 Players enter their moves through keyboard or mouse
 The system automatically updates the board
 It checks for winner or draw after each move
 Displays result instantly

Features of Proposed System:

 ✔ Automated game logic and rule enforcement

 ✔ User-friendly interface
 ✔ Error-free result calculation
 ✔ Prevents invalid inputs
 ✔ Fast and efficient gameplay
 ✔ Option to extend with AI opponent
 ✔ Score tracking (future enhancement)

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

1. Introduction

System specification defines the technical requirements needed to

develop and run the Tic -Tac -Toe game. It includes details about
Hardware , software , and other resources required for proper
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functioning of the system.

2. Hardware Requirements

The system does not require high-end hardware. Basic computer

specifications are sufficient:

 Processor: Intel Core i3 or above

 RAM: Minimum 2 GB (4 GB recommended)
 Hard Disk: At least 100 MB free space
 Input Devices: Keyboard / Mouse
 Output Devices: Monitor

3. Software Requirements

The software requirements depend on the programming language used:

 Operating System: Windows / Linux / macOS

 Programming Language: Python / C++ / Java
 IDE/Editor: VS Code / Turbo C++ / PyCharm / Notepad++
 Compiler/Interpreter:
o Python Interpreter (for Python)
o GCC / Turbo C++ (for C++)

4. Functional Requirements

These define what the system should do:

 The system should allow two players to play the game
 The system should display a 3×3 grid

 The system should accept user input for moves

 The system should validate moves (no overwriting allowed)
 The system should switch turns between players
 The system should check for win or draw conditions
 The system should display the result (Winner/Draw)

5. Non-Functional Requirements
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These define how the system performs:

 Usability: Easy to understand and play

 Performance: Fast response time
 Reliability: Accurate game results
 Security: Prevent invalid inputs
 Maintainability: Easy to update and improve

6. System Constraints

 Limited to a 3×3 grid

 Only two players (in basic version)
 Requires basic programming environment

4. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

1. Introduction

The Tic-Tac-Toe game is developed using simple and easy – to - use

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software tools. The main aim of using these tools is to create a game
that is interactive, user-friendly, and easy to understand. The develop-
ment of this project is done using Python programming language along
with graphical interface technology (GUI). These technologies help in
making the game more attractive and efficient.

2. Programming Language: Python 3

Python 3 is a high – level programming language that is very popular

because of its simple syntax and easy readability. It is widely used by
beginners as well as professionals for developing different types of
applications.

In this project, Python 3 is used to build the complete logic of the Tic-
Tac-Toe game. It helps in controlling how the game works. Python is
responsible for taking input from players , switching turns between
Players , checking whether a player has won the game, and deciding
if the game ends in a draw.

Another important advantage of Python is that it requires less code

compared to other programming languages, which makes development
faster and easier. It also helps students understand programming
concepts in a simple way.

3. Python Version: Python 3.10.2 (IDLE)

The game is created using Python version 3.10.2 along with IDLE. IDLE
stands for Integrated Development and Learning Environment. It is a basic
software that comes with Python and is mainly used for writing and running
Python programs.

IDLE provides a simple interface where users can type their code, run it,
and see the output. It also helps in finding errors in the code, correcting
them easily. Because of its simple design, it is very useful for students
and beginners who are learning programming.

4. Development Tools and Technologies

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a) Python 3

Python 3 is the main technology used in this project. It performs many

important tasks such as:

 Managing the flow of the game

 Taking input from users
 Checking valid and invalid moves
 Deciding the winner of the game
 Displaying the final result

It plays a major role in making the game functional and accurate.

b) GUI (Graphical User Interface)

GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. It is used to make the game
look attractive and easy to use. Instead of using a simple text -based
game, GUI allows users to interact with buttons, boxes, and graphics.
In this project , GUI is used to create a 3×3 grid where players can
click on boxes to place their marks (X or O). It also shows the game
result in a clear and understandable way.

GUI makes the game more interesting and improves the overall user
experience. It also helps users who are not familiar with coding to
easily play the game.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Objectives:
Our project name is Tic-Tac-Toe game. This game is very popular
and is fairly simple by itself. It is actually a two player game. In this
game, there is a board with n x n squares. In our game, it is 3 x 3
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squares.

The goal of Tic -Tac -Toe is to be one of the players to get three
same symbols in a row - horizontally, vertically or diagonally - on
a 3 x 3 grid.

1. Overview:

This game can be played in a 3x3 grid (shown in the figure 2.1) .The
game can be played by two players. There are two options for
players:

(a) Human (b) Computer

Figure: 2.1

2.1 Players:
For the option human, both the players are human and for the option
computer, the first player is human and the second player is
computer.

2.2 Theory of Game:

A player can choose between two symbols with his opponent, usual
games use “X”and “O”. If first player choose “X” then the second
player have to play with “O” and vice versa.
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A player marks any of the 3x3 squares with his symbol (may be “X” or
“O”) and his aim is to create a straight line horizontally or vertically or
diagonally with two intensions:

a) Create a straight line before his opponent to win the game.

b) Restrict his opponent from creating a straight line first.

In case logically no one can create a straight line with his own
symbol, the game results a tie.

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

Hence there are only three possible results – a player wins, his
opponent (human or computer) wins or it’s a tie.
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If any player is able to draw three Xs or three Os in the following

combinations then that player wins. The combinations are:

a) 1, 2, 3 b) 4, 5, 6

c) 7, 8, 9 d) 1, 4, 7

e) 2, 5, 8 f) 3, 6, 9

h) 1, 5, 9 i) 3, 5, 7
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2. Core Logic - AI:

There are two core logics in this game – when both players are
human, and when one is computer. Suppose the player use X and
the computer use O . The logic used for the AI is as follows:

3.1 First move:

a) If the center is free, get the center. (Figure: 3.1)
b) Otherwise, get any of the corners. (Figure: 3.2)

X
O O
X
O
O O

Figure: Figure: 3.2

3.1

3.2 Second move:

a) Block user from winning. (Figure: 3.3)
b) Option for winning by applying the following logic:
If the center is occupied by user, get any of the

(Figure: 3.4)
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X X O O
O O
O X

X
O

Figure: 3.3 Figure: 3.4

Otherwise, the following cases happen:

Case 1:

X
O
O
O O
X
O

Figure: 3.5

If any situation arises like the figure 3.5 then the computer sets its
symbol any one of the position among 2, 4, 6 and 8.
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Case 2:

X X X

4 O 6 4 O 6 4 O 6

X X X

Figure: 3.6 Figure: 3.7 Figure: 3.8

If any situation arises like the figure 3.6 or figure 3.7 or figure 3.8
then the computer sets its symbol at any position among 4 and 6.

Case 3:

2 2 2

O X X O X X O

X 8 8 8 X

Figure: 3.9 Figure: 3.10 Figure: 3.11

If any situation arises like the figure 3.9 or figure 3.10 or figure 3.11 then
the computer sets its symbol at any position among 2 and 8.

Case 4:

1 X 3 1 X 3

O X X O

7 9 7 9

Figure: 3.12 Figure: 3.13

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1 3 1 3

X O O X

7 X 9 7 X 9

Figure: 3.14 Figure: 3.15

If any situation arises like the figure 3.12 or figure 3.13 or figure 3.14 or
3.15 then the computer sets its symbol at any position among 1, 3, 7 and 9.

3.3 Third and fourth move:

a) Option for winning. (Figure: 3.16)
b) Block user from winning. (Figure: 3.17)
c) Randomly play a move. (Figure: 3.18)

O X O

X O X O

X X X
O
Figure: 3.16 Figure: 3.17

X X O O

O O X

X
O
Figure: 3.18
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3. Core Logic - Humans:

For each move, check whether any 3 combination is occupied by any
player and display the winner accordingly.
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4. CODE EXECUTION
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5. USE CASE DIAGRAM

Start Game

Player 1
moves

Player 2
moves

Check the
result

Player 1 Player 2

Play again
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6. Methods

The methods we used in our program are as follows:

1. def checker(buttons)

2. def scorekeeper()

3. def reset():

4. def NewGame()
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7. Coding
import [Link]
from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
[Link]("1350x750+0+0")
[Link]("Tic-Tac-Toe Game")
[Link](background='sky blue')

Tops = Frame(root, bg='sky blue', pady=2, width=1350, height=100,

relief=RIDGE)
[Link](row=0, column=0)

lblTitle = Label(Tops, font=('arial', 50, 'bold'), text="Tic-Tac-Toe Game",

bd=21, bg='sky blue', fg='Cornsilk', justify=CENTER)
[Link](row=1, column=0)

MainFrame = Frame(root, bg='sky blue', bd=10, width=1350,

height=600, relief=RIDGE)
[Link](row=1, column=0)

LeftFrame = Frame(MainFrame, bd=10, width=750, height=500, pady=2,

padx=10, bg="sky blue", relief=RIDGE)
[Link](side=LEFT)

RightFrame = Frame(MainFrame, bd=10, width=560, height=500,

padx=10, pady=2, bg="sky blue", relief=RIDGE)
[Link](side=RIGHT)

RightFrame1 = Frame(RightFrame, bd=10, width=560, height=200,

padx=10, pady=2, bg="sky blue", relief=RIDGE)
[Link](row=0, column=0)

RightFrame2 = Frame(RightFrame, bd=10, width=560, height=200,

padx=10, pady=2, bg="sky blue", relief=RIDGE)
[Link](row=1, column=0)

PlayerX = IntVar()
PlayerO = IntVar()
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[Link](0)
[Link](0)

button = StringVar()
click = True

def checker(buttons):
global click
if buttons["text"] == " " and click == True:
buttons["text"] = "X"
click = False
scorekeeper()
elif buttons["text"] == " " and click == False:
buttons["text"] = "O"
click = True
scorekeeper()

def scorekeeper():
if(button1["text"] == "X" and button2["text"] == "X" and
button3["text"] == "X"):
[Link](background="powder blue")
[Link](background="powder blue")
[Link](background="powder blue")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner X", "You have just won a
game")

if(button4["text"]=="X" and button5["text"]=="X" and

button6["text"]=="X"):
[Link](background="Red")
[Link](background="Red")
[Link](background="Red")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner X", "You have just won a
game")
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if(button7["text"]=="X" and button8["text"]=="X" and

button9["text"]=="X"):
[Link](background="Cadet blue")
[Link](background="Cadet blue")
[Link](background="Cadet blue")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner X", "You have just won a
game")

if(button3["text"]== "X" and button5["text"]== "X" and

button7["text"]== "X"):
[Link](background="Cadet Blue")
[Link](background="Cadet Blue")
[Link](background="Cadet Blue")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner X", "You have just won a
game")

if(button1["text"]== "X" and button5["text"]== "X" and

button9["text"]== "X"):
[Link](background="Purple")
[Link](background="Purple")
[Link](background="Purple")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner X", "You have just
won a game")

if(button1["text"]== "X" and button4["text"]== "X" and

button7["text"]== "X"):
[Link](background="Yellow")
[Link](background="Yellow")
[Link](background="Yellow")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
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[Link]("Winner X", "You have just won a

game")

if(button2["text"]== "X" and button5["text"]== "X" and

button8["text"]== "X"):
[Link](background="Pink")
[Link](background="Pink")
[Link](background="Pink")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1 )
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner X", "You have just won a
game")

if(button3["text"]== "X" and button6["text"]== "X" and

button9["text"]== "X"):
[Link](background="powder blue")
[Link](background="powder blue")
[Link](background="powder blue")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner X", "You have just won a
game")

if(button1["text"]== "O" and button2["text"]== "O" and

button3["text"]== "O"):
[Link](background="Orange")
[Link](background="Orange")
[Link](background="Orange")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner O", "You have just won a
game")

if(button4["text"]== "O" and button5["text"]== "O" and

button6["text"]== "O"):
[Link](background="Blue")
[Link](background="Blue")
[Link](background="Blue")
n = float([Link]())
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score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner O", "You have just won a
game")

if(button7["text"]== "O" and button8["text"]== "O" and

button9["text"]== "O"):
[Link](background="Green")
[Link](background="Green")
[Link](background="Green")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner O", "You have just won a
game")

if(button3["text"]== "O" and button5["text"]== "O" and

button7["text"]== "O"):
[Link](background="Cadet blue")
[Link](background="Cadet blue")
[Link](background="Cadet blue")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner O", "You have just won a
game")

if(button1["text"]== "O" and button5["text"]== "O" and

button9["text"]== "O"):
[Link](background="Orange")
[Link](background="Orange")
[Link](background="Orange")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner O", "You have just won a
game")

if(button1["text"]== "O" and button2["text"]== "O" and

button3["text"]== "O"):
[Link](background="Powder blue")
[Link](background="Powder blue")
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[Link](background="Powder blue")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner O", "You have just won a
game")

if(button2["text"] == "O" and button5["text"]== "O" and

button8["text"]== "O"):
[Link](background="Cadet blue")
[Link](background="Cadet blue")
[Link](background="Cadet blue")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner O", "You have just won a
game")

if(button3["text"]== "O" and button6["text"]== "O" and

button9["text"]== "O"):
[Link](background="Red")
[Link](background="Red")
[Link](background="Red")
n = float([Link]())
score = (n + 1)
[Link](score)
[Link]("Winner O", "You have just won a
game")

def reset():
button1['text']=" "
button2['text']= " "
button3['text']= " "
button4['text']= " "
button5['text']= " "
button6['text']= " "
button7['text']= " "
button8['text']= " "
button9['text']= " "
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[Link](background ="gainsboro")
[Link](background ="gainsboro")
[Link](background ="gainsboro")
[Link](background ="gainsboro")
[Link](background ="gainsboro")
[Link](background ="gainsboro")
[Link](background ="gainsboro")
[Link](background ="gainsboro")
[Link](background ="gainsboro")

def NewGame():
reset()
[Link](0)
[Link](0)

lblPlayerX=Label(RightFrame1, font=('arial',40,'bold'),text="Player X :",

padx=2, pady=2, bg="sky blue")
[Link](row=0, column=0, sticky=W)
txtPlayerX=Entry(RightFrame1, font=('arial',40,'bold'),bd=2, fg = 'black',
textvariable= PlayerX, width=14,
justify=LEFT).grid(row=0,column=1)

lblPlayerO=Label(RightFrame1, font=('arial',40,'bold'),text="Player O :",

padx=2, pady=2, bg="sky blue")
[Link](row=1, column=0, sticky=W)
txtPlayerO=Entry(RightFrame1, font=('arial',40,'bold'),bd=2, fg = 'black',
textvariable= PlayerO, width=14,
justify=LEFT).grid(row=1,column=1)

btnReset=Button(RightFrame2, text="Reset" , font=('arial',40,'bold'),

height = 1, width = 20, command=reset)
[Link](row=2, column=0, padx=6, pady=11)

btnNewGame=Button(RightFrame2, text="NewGame" ,
font=('arial',40,'bold'), height = 1, width = 20, command=NewGame)
[Link](row=3, column=0, padx=6, pady=10)

button1 = Button(LeftFrame, text=" ", font=('Times 26 bold'), height=3,

width=8, bg='gainsboro', command=lambda:checker(button1))
[Link](row=1, column=0, sticky = S+N+E+W)
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button2 = Button(LeftFrame, text=" ", font=('Times 26 bold'), height=3,

width=8, bg='gainsboro', command=lambda:checker(button2))
[Link](row=1, column=1, sticky = S+N+E+W)

button3 = Button(LeftFrame, text=" ", font=('Times 26 bold'), height=3,

width=8, bg='gainsboro', command=lambda:checker(button3))
[Link](row=1, column=2, sticky = S+N+E+W)

button4 = Button(LeftFrame, text=" ", font=('Times 26 bold'), height=3,

width=8, bg='gainsboro', command=lambda:checker(button4))
[Link](row=2, column=0, sticky = S+N+E+W)

button5 = Button(LeftFrame, text=" ", font=('Times 26 bold'), height=3,

width=8, bg='gainsboro', command=lambda:checker(button5))
[Link](row=2, column=1, sticky = S+N+E+W)

button6 = Button(LeftFrame, text=" ", font=('Times 26 bold'), height=3,

width=8, bg='gainsboro', command=lambda:checker(button6))
[Link](row=2, column=2, sticky = S+N+E+W)

button7 = Button(LeftFrame, text=" ", font=('Times 26 bold'), height=3,

width=8, bg='gainsboro', command=lambda:checker(button7))
[Link](row=3, column=0, sticky = S+N+E+W)

button8 = Button(LeftFrame, text=" ", font=('Times 26 bold'), height=3,

width=8, bg='gainsboro', command=lambda:checker(button8))
[Link](row=3, column=1, sticky = S+N+E+W)

button9 = Button(LeftFrame, text=" ", font=('Times 26 bold'), height=3,

width=8, bg='gainsboro', command=lambda:checker(button9))
[Link](row=3, column=2, sticky = S+N+E+W)

[Link]()
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8. Limitations
1. GUI is not so attractive.

2. Only mouse interface is implemented, keyboard is not

activated in the game.

9. Future plan
1. Keyboard functions will be added.

2. We want to design more complex boards for the game in future.

13. Reference
Books
: 1. Charanjeet Singh and Raman Kumar , Edition Fifth

2. Youtube

3. Google Chrome