Design of Machine Elements and

Transmission Systems
RA3CO43

Presented by:
Prof. Ankit Gupta
 2
Course Learning Objectives

CLO 01 To identify and recall the fundamental concepts of machine design, including types of
design, stress concentration, fatigue phenomena, lubrication principles, and basic
terminology of shafts, gears, joints, and bearings
CLO 02 To explain the working principles and behaviour of machine elements such as riveted joints,
welded joints, shafts, couplings, gears, and bearings under static, dynamic, and fluctuating
loading conditions .
CLO 03 To apply standard design theories and equations, including Goodman, Modified Goodman,
Soderberg, Gerber, Lewis equation, and bearing life equations, to compute stresses, strength,
and service life of machine components .
CLO 04 To design and select machine elements such as riveted and welded joints, shafts, couplings,
spur gears, and rolling contact bearings by considering strength, rigidity, fatigue, wear, and
operational constraints .
CLO 05 To analyse failure modes, load distribution, fatigue life, thermal effects, and reliability of
machine components to ensure safe and efficient mechanical system performance .
 3

UNIT I - DESIGN AGAINST STATIC AND FLUCTUATING LOADING

Fundamentals of Machine Design, types of Design, Stress concentration : causes of stress

concentration ; reduction of stress concentration, theoretical stress concentration factor,
notch sensitivity, fatigue stress concentration factor, cyclic loading, endurance limit, S -N
Curve, loading factor, size factor, surface factor . Design consideration for fatigue,
Goodman and modified Goodman's diagram, Soderberg equation, Gerber parabola .

UNIT II- RIVET AND WELDED JOINTS

Riveted Joints: Introduction, Methods of Riveting, Material of Rivets, Types of Riveted Joints:
Lap Joint, Butt Joint, Important Terms Used in Riveted Joints, Caulking and Fullering, Failures
of a Riveted Joint, Strength of a Riveted Joint, Efficiency of a Riveted Joint.
Welded Joints: Introduction, Advantages and Disadvantages of Welded Joint, Types of
Welded Joints: Lap Joint and Butt Joint. Strength of Transverse Fillet Welded Joints,
Strength of Parallel Fillet Welded Joints. Strength of Butt Joints.
 4

UNIT III- SHAFTS AND COUPLING

Design of shaft under combined bending, twisting and axial loading ; shock and fatigue factors,
design for rigidity ; Design of shaft subjected to dynamic load ; Design of Coupling - Muff and Flange
Coupling .

UNIT IV - SPUR GEAR

Force analysis of gear tooth, modes of failure, beam strength, Lewis equation, form factor, Gear
materials ; Surface strength and wear of teeth ; strength against wear ; Design of straight tooth spur
Gears .

UNIT V - BEARINGS
Types of lubrication, viscosity, hydrodynamic theory, design factors, temperature and viscosity
considerations heat dissipation and thermal equilibrium, boundary lubrication . Design of journal
bearings, Rolling -element Bearings : Types of rolling contact bearing, bearing friction and power loss,
bearing life ; Radial, thrust & axial loads ; Static & dynamic load capacities ; Selection of ball and roller
bearings .
 TEXT BOOKS: 5

1 Bhandari, V. B., “Design of Machine Elements”, Tata McGraw -Hill

Education, New Delhi, 2010.
2 Khurmi, R. S. and J. K. Gupta, “A Textbook of Machine Design”, S. Chand &
Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2005.
3 Pandya, A. and Shah, S., “Machine Design”, Charotar Publishing House,
Anand, India, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1 Shigley, J . E ., Charles R . Mischke and Richard G . Budynas ,
“Mechanical Engineering Design”, McGraw -Hill Education, New York,
2011 .
2 Sharma . C .S . and Kamlesh Purohit, “ Design of Machine Elements”,
Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 2003
3 Norton, R . L ., “Machine Design : An Integrated Approach”, Pearson
Education, New Delhi, 2011.
 6

Course outcome
After completion of this course the students shall be able to :
CO 1: Recall the fundamental concepts of machine design including types of design, stress concentration,
fatigue behaviour, lubrication principles, and basic terminology related to shafts, gears, joints, and bearings .
CO 2 : Explain the behaviour and working principles of machine elements such as riveted joints, welded joints,
shafts, couplings, gears, and bearings when subjected to static, dynamic, and fluctuating loads .
CO 3: Apply standard design theories and equations such as Goodman, Modified Goodman, Soderberg,
Gerber, Lewis equation, and bearing life equations to determine stresses, strength, and life of machine
components under given operating conditions .
CO 4 : Design and select machine elements including riveted and welded joints, shafts, couplings, spur gears,
and rolling contact bearings by considering strength, rigidity, fatigue, wear, and service requirements .
CO 5 : Analyze failure modes, load distribution, fatigue life, thermal effects, and reliability of machine
components to ensure safe, efficient, and durable mechanical system performance .
List of Practical: 7

1. To study stress concentration, notch sensitivity, and fatigue stress concentration factor under
fluctuating loading .
2. To analyze and compare safe stress limits using Goodman, Modified Goodman, and Soderberg
equations .
3. To determine the strength and efficiency of lap and butt riveted joints under tensile loading .
4. To evaluate the strength of transverse and parallel fillet welded joints under static loading .
5. To design a shaft subjected to combined bending, torsion, and axial loads considering shock and
fatigue factors .
6. To design and analyze rigid couplings for power transmission between two shafts .
7. To analyze tangential, radial, and axial forces on spur gears and determine beam strength using Lewis
equation .
8. To study surface failure modes and calculate strength against wear of straight spur gears .
9. To determine the coefficient of friction, frictional torque, and power loss in a hydrodynamic journal
bearing under different loads and speeds .
10. To study the effect of radial and axial loads on bearing life and to verify the static and dynamic load
capacities of ball and roller bearings .
A mild steel rod of 12 mm diameter was tested for tensile strength with the gauge length of 60 mm. 8

Following observations were recorded : Final length = 80 mm; Final diameter = 7 mm; Yield load =
3.4 kN and Ultimate load = 6.1 kN.
Calculate : 1. yield stress, 2. ultimate tensile stress, 3. percentage reduction in area, and 4. percentage
elongation.
9
 10

A mild steel rod supports a tensile load of 50 kN. If the stress in the rod is limited to
100 MPa, find the size of the rod when the cross-section is 1. circular, 2. square, and
3. rectangular with width = 3 × thickness.
11
 12
A steel bar 2.4 m long and 30 mm square is elongated by a load of 500 kN. If poisson's ratio is 0.25, find the
increase in volume. Take E = 0.2 × 106 N/mm2.
 13
A steel shaft 35 mm in diameter and 1.2 m long held rigidly at one end has a hand wheel 500 mm in
diameter keyed to the other end. The modulus of rigidity of steel is 80 GPa.
1. What load applied to tangent to the rim of the wheel produce a torsional shear of 60 MPa?
2. How many degrees will the wheel turn when this load is applied?
14
A.B. Road, Pigdamber , Rau, Indore – 453331

0731 3111500, 0731 3111501

[Link]