**Fill in the blanks:**

1. A group of organs together make up an **organ system**.

2. The skull is made up of **22** bones.

3. The backbone is made up of **33** small bones called **vertebrae**.

4. The ribs are delicate, curved bones which are joined to the backbone and the **breastbone**.

5. The powerful thigh bone, called **femur**, bears the weight of the whole body.

6. The long bones of the skeleton are hollow and are filled with a soft, fatty substance called **bone
marrow**.

7. The bones of the skeleton give shape, strength, and support to our body. They also protect our internal
organs.

8. White blood cells and red blood cells are produced by the **bone marrow** in hollow bones.

9. A **joint** is the meeting point of two bones held together by strong tissues called ligaments.

10. The uppermost vertebra in the neck is called **atlas**.

11. There are about **650** muscles in the body.

12. Muscles are attached to the bones by strong fibers called **tendons**.

13. Muscles not under our control are called **involuntary muscles**.

14. Well-developed muscles give a graceful appearance to the body.

15. To keep the muscles in good shape, we must maintain a good **posture** while we sit or stand or walk.

Additional F. I. B

1. The **digestive system** helps in the digestion of food, and the **muscular system** keeps our muscles
strong and gives us strength.

2. The human skeleton consists of the **skull**, the **backbone**, the **rib cage**, and two pairs of limbs
— the forelimbs or arms and the hindlimbs or legs.

3. The eyeballs rest inside the bony **eye sockets**.

4. The **femur** is the longest bone in our body and fits into the hip girdle with a ball-and-socket joint.

5. **Ligaments** are strong tissues that hold together the meeting point of two bones at a joint.

6. **Involuntary muscles** control actions like the movement of food in the alimentary canal and the flow of
blood.

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7. The muscles in the body produce movement by pulling on the bones, and when a muscle contracts, the
bones come close to each other. This is how muscles produce **movement** in the body.

8. The framework of bones in our body encloses and protects all the internal organs and gives support,
strength, and shape to the body. This framework is called the **skeleton**.

9. The **cardiac muscles** are found in the heart and, although involuntary in function, are structured like
voluntary muscles.

10. Well-developed muscles give a graceful appearance to the body and contribute to an individual's overall
physical **fitness**.

**Questions on One Word:**

1. What is the function of the **vertebral column** in our body?

2. How many bones make up the **skull**?

3. Which type of joint allows maximum movement, as displayed by ballet dancers?

4. What is the **atlas** in the context of the human body?

5. What is the purpose of **tendons** in the muscular system?

6. Name the longest bone in our body.

7. Which type of muscles control actions like the movement of food in the alimentary canal?

8. What is the significance of a good **posture** in maintaining muscle health?

9. How many muscles are there in the human body?

10. What is the soft, fatty substance found in the hollow bones called?

Answers

1. **Support**

2. **22**

3. **Ball-and-socket**

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4. **First cervical vertebra**

5. **Connect**

6. **Femur**

7. **Involuntary**

8. **Alignment**

9. **650**

10. **Bone Marrow**

CHAPTER 2

**Fill in the blanks (F. I. B):**

1. Our **nervous system** becomes overactive when we feel excited or nervous.

2. The brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves form the **nervous system**.

3. The **cerebrum** controls the working of our eyes, ears, nose, and tongue.

4. The **cerebellum** coordinates the actions of the muscles and helps us balance our body.

5. The **medulla** controls involuntary actions like the movements of the lungs and the heart.

6. A person may faint if their heart is not able to send enough blood to the **brain**.

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7. The **spinal cord** connects the rest of the body to the brain through the nerves.

8. **Sensory nerves** bring messages from sense organs to the brain or spinal cord.

9. **Motor nerves** carry orders from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles or glands.

10. **Mixed nerves** carry messages to the brain and bring orders from the brain.

11. Reflex actions are controlled by the **spinal cord** without conscious thought.

12. The five **sense organs** are the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin.

13. The **cornea** is a circular, transparent area in the front portion of the eye.

14. The coloured circle in the eye is the **iris**.

15. The pupil is an opening through which light enters the **lens** of the eye.

16. A sensory nerve called the **optic nerve** connects the eye to the brain.

17. The **outer ear** helps to receive and direct sound waves to the inner ear.

18. Never clean your ears with a pointed object like a matchstick or a **hairpin**.

19. The sense of taste and smell are linked, and the tongue contains cells called **taste buds**.

20. The surface of the tongue is covered with tiny bumps, inside which are the **taste buds**.

**One-word answer type questions:**

1. What is the protective covering of the human body's internal organs?

2. Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions like breathing and heartbeat?

3. What kind of nerves carry messages to the brain and bring orders from the brain?

4. What is the outermost covering of the human body that allows us to feel touch, heat, and pain?

5. Which organ of taste detects the four major tastes: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter?

6. What is the circular, transparent area in the front portion of the eye?

7. Which part of the eye looks like a black spot and is an opening through which light enters the lens?

8. What is the fluid that fills the space between the skull and the brain, serving as a cushion against jerks and
injuries?

9. What is the main organ of taste and enables us to speak?

10. Which part of the nervous system controls reflex actions without conscious thought?

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**One-word answers:**

1. **Skin**: The protective covering of the human body's internal organs.

2. **Medulla**: The part of the brain that controls involuntary actions like breathing and heartbeat.

3. **Mixed nerves**: Nerves that carry messages to the brain and bring orders from the brain.

4. **Skin**: The outermost covering of the human body that allows us to feel touch, heat, and pain.

5. **Tongue**: The organ of taste that detects sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes.

6. **Cornea**: The circular, transparent area in the front portion of the eye.

7. **Pupil**: The part of the eye that looks like a black spot and is an opening for light to enter the lens.

8. **Cerebrospinal fluid**: The fluid that fills the space between the skull and the brain, cushioning against
jerks and injuries.

9. **Tongue**: The main organ of taste and speech.

10. **Spinal cord**: The part of the nervous system that controls reflex actions without conscious thought.

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**One-word answer type questions (additional):**

1. What is the main control center of the human body?

2. Which part of the brain is responsible for thinking, learning, and recalling?

3. What is the largest part of the brain that controls intelligence?

4. Which part of the brain coordinates muscle actions and helps in balancing the body?

5. What connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls involuntary actions?

6. Which type of nerves carry orders from the brain to muscles or glands?

7. What are the thread-like structures that carry messages between the brain and other body parts?

8. Which sense organ is responsible for maintaining balance in the body?

9. What are the tiny bumps on the surface of the tongue containing taste cells?

10. Which nerve connects the eye to the brain, transmitting visual information?

**One-word answers:(additional)**

1. **Brain**: The main control center of the human body.

2. **Cerebrum**: The part of the brain responsible for thinking, learning, and recalling.

3. **Cerebrum**: The largest part of the brain that controls intelligence.

4. **Cerebellum**: The part of the brain that coordinates muscle actions and helps in balancing the body.

5. **Medulla**: Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls involuntary actions.

6. **Motor nerves**: Nerves that carry orders from the brain to muscles or glands.

7. **Nerves**: Thread-like structures that carry messages between the brain and other body parts.

8. **Inner ear**: Responsible for maintaining balance in the body.

9. **Taste buds**: Tiny bumps on the surface of the tongue containing taste cells.

10. **Optic nerve**: Nerve that connects the eye to the brain, transmitting visual information.

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