SRI CHAITANYA EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS,INDIA.
A.P,TELANGANA,KARNATAKA,TAMILNADU,MAHARASHTRA,DELHI,RANCHI,CHANDIGARH
RESPIRATION
Assertion (A) & Reason (R) Type Questions Reason (R) : In alcoholic and lactic acid
In each of the following questions, a fermentation, glucose is only partially
statement of Assertion (A) is given followed oxidised, so only a small fraction of the total
by a corresponding statement of Reason (R) energy stored in glucose is liberated.
just below it. Of the statement mark the 6. Assertion (A) : The conversion of
correct answer bisphosphoglyceric acid (Bis-PGA) to 3-
(1) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) is an example
correct explanation of 'A'. of a substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP)
(2) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is not reaction.
the correct explanation of 'A' Reason (R) : Substrate-level phosphorylation
(3) 'A' is true and 'R' is false is a metabolic process that produces ATP by
(4) A is false, but R is true directly transferring a high-energy phosphate
1. Assertion (A) : Fermentation is a less energy- group from a phosphorylated substrate (Bis-
efficient process. PGA) to ADP.
Reason (R) : The absence of oxygen does not 7. Assertion (A) : In the electron transport chain
allow complete oxidation of glucose. (ETC), the number of ATP molecules
2. Assertion (A) : Fermentation stops when the synthesised depends on the nature of the
alcohol concentration in a sugar solution electron donor.
reaches about 13%. Reason (R) : Different electron donors
Reason (R) : Saccharomyces cerevisiae are (NADH + H⁺ and FADH₂) enter the ETC at
killed by the high alcohol concentration, and different complexes, pumping different
therefore zymase is no longer produced, numbers of protons into the intermembrane
halting the process of fermentation. space, thereby generating different proton
3. Assertion (A) : The respiratory quotient (RQ) gradients and yielding different amounts of
for proteins is less than unity. ATP.
Reason (R) : Proteins are poorer in structural 8. Assertion (A) : In the aerobic oxidation of
oxygen; hence they require more oxygen for glucose, only a small amount of energy is
complete oxidation, resulting in more O₂ released in the form of direct ATP molecules.
consumed than CO₂ released. Reason (R) : Out of the 38 ATP molecules
4. Assertion (A) : Unlike animals, plants do not produced as net gain upon oxidation of
have specialised organs for gaseous glucose, only 4 ATPs are directly formed by
exchange. substrate-level phosphorylation; the
Reason (R) : Each plant part can take care of remaining 34 are generated by oxidation of
its own gaseous exchange needs. reduced coenzymes through the electron
5. Assertion (A) : In lactic acid and alcoholic transport chain.
fermentation, not much energy is released.
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9. Assertion (A) : No ATP molecule is formed Reason (R) : In the ETC, O₂ acts as the final
in alcoholic fermentation by oxidation of electron acceptor, combining with electrons
reduced coenzymes. and protons at Complex IV (cytochrome c
Reason (R) : The reduced coenzyme oxidase) to form water; thus, it participates
molecules (NADH) formed during glycolysis only at the very last step of aerobic
are used in the reduction of acetaldehyde to respiration.
ethanol, thereby regenerating NAD⁺ without 14. Assertion (A) : Acetyl CoA is often
entering the electron transport chain. described as a connecting link between
10. Assertion (A) : Combustion is a physico- glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
chemical process, whereas respiration is a Reason (R) : Acetyl CoA is a two-carbon
physiological process. compound.
Reason (R) : Combustion is a rapid, non- 15. Assertion (A) : The product of the second
enzymatic process that occurs outside living phosphorylation in glycolysis enables the
cells, whereas respiration is a slow, enzyme- supply of two phosphorylated triose
catalysed process that occurs within living molecules upon cleavage.
cells; however, both ultimately release Reason (R) : Fructose-6-phosphate is
energy from organic molecules. phosphorylated to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
11. Assertion (A) : During respiration, the in the EMP pathway; since this bisphosphate
formation of ATP through the electron bears phosphate groups on both C-1 and C-6,
transport system (ETS) in mitochondria is its cleavage by aldolase yields two
called oxidative phosphorylation. phosphorylated triose phosphates (DHAP
Reason (R) : The energy released during and G3P).
oxidation–reduction reactions in the ETS is 16. Assertion (A) : There is a net gain of 15 ATP
utilised to create a proton gradient across the by the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvic
inner mitochondrial membrane; the acid in aerobic respiration.
subsequent flow of protons through ATP Reason (R) : 14 ATP molecules are produced
synthase (Complex V) drives the synthesis of through oxidative phosphorylation and 1
ATP. ATP is produced through substrate-level
12. Assertion (A) : The respiratory pathway is phosphorylation from one pyruvic acid
amphibolic. molecule.
Reason (R) : The respiratory pathway 17. Assertion (A) : Reduced coenzymes are
involves the complete breakdown of glucose oxidised during the electron transport system.
into CO₂ and H₂O (catabolism); at the same Reason (R) : Oxygen is the ultimate electron
time, the carbon skeletons produced at acceptor in the electron transport system; by
various stages serve as precursors for the accepting electrons passed along the chain
biosynthesis of other molecules such as fatty from reduced coenzymes (NADH and
acids and amino acids (anabolism), making FADH₂), it drives their continuous re-
the pathway both catabolic and anabolic. oxidation to NAD⁺ and FAD.
13. Assertion (A) : The role of oxygen in aerobic
respiration is limited to the terminal stage of
the process.
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KEY
1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1 5) 1 6) 1 7) 1 8) 1 9) 1 10) 1
11) 1 12) 1 13) 1 14) 2 15) 1 16) 1 17) 1
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