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Complete LA

Linear algebra hand written notes for gate

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Abhishek Tiwari
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4 views30 pages

Complete LA

Linear algebra hand written notes for gate

Uploaded by

Abhishek Tiwari
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
atgeeta a Marcie | pproswodtcooh 2 PROD Won x! * ROW aay x7 mws [cote Ty Re fee Pe @ Square Won x : wow ee pivici ple Sub wax ele are Aiagerrat erage maix au ot ing Quip Wax C2707 dragons elim ert “Aer Or LS a pe afagh 30 8 ad ss eee: q tH WAadnX - ste ok 29a eee t ke O- L ica aie ar Parr) = mon diag fx-Y 2) + ae crag lx, V4Q Zt faraglx-¥, 2%) % drag l P24, = arag LKR YURY (diagCxy, 2) = aiag CYX> Vv V2) - (Carag lh xt) T = clrag Le 2) (Carag CxX,VOD)* = drag x ¥% 2) A + ae value 4 Afag Cxan,2zJ 2 X,Y awd z. peat 7 otfag Cx-Y,%) = LEY | Scatan moanix » { Yag Cxiy- 2] sxyz dtagowas ELMS ou eyed. Zz | a te a — _ _ a OT is Idethy cemour fan wl Hp ear ee eee Mut) Wax: ath Clowes tame, [A+ CA) =O: CG | Upper TTrturg ton Mabix Louw AP AIAG OBR Veto —> U- Ais wilpoteat pond AT! bo ZC (CO Sg Os ole AMES) ey A= Tt 3 qs uPlpo rear class 3. -2 -| ~3 WE] sPaguten malix: [Al =0- | [NE STAG lay Hag ee leeoult exish = ; LE Roo manix: [outy | row! 4. Cl,2,-Led) xe a i = SS pe 2 21 5X1, ° 4 ~ QURt minx, ate Equality 4. Wabi x Thro Wralnix equrak \f5 : Taoy ore J Same Site. + The eberrrAmrt Pr ey Cons powdfug pace On Sam, 5 lo - ey, we [n-y era] [2 ei ke ae 2 meal m-y 32 p+97=5 P-4= m=6, Y=4, p=35 4=2. Additfeu gq Mah A=|\ 2 B=[4 305 V A+B =f 2],/f4 4] [se ¢ _ 3. 5 1 8 ro raf @ AtB = BEA —Commutann. | @@+s) te= A+ CO —acso tat, AtOZ=>AZ= O+A- S ~AtA =O = ATCA). id a © A+xX =B+x oS - X+A=> X+RB AE | multiplicaten 4% Ture Mahix ee A= [eo] B=("H a —=2 | | ~e 4 3: =S| Lo = te = AB =| [KY +R tt = 9x (XO + TK2 #-4XO - iZ =exq nuk +3A4 —8xo FUx3 42x 0] | | Oo KY tNKE + H2XY, ~ i T — “v AG=[-25 21 -92 i \ 16 12 cr a ae | sh <= i | <7 3 a6 LO vrony se were Woh ComuyGatene a ea - ACB CO) =GB)C —> Sassocfated” ACB+t) = ABtAC => abate | AB Se > desws Wien ao 0 sboutd bee T Apso 3x Hue BATS Ney Ecdou’s exist. AB =ACDB=HC : BAZ preduct 4A €Xisty olrly when AIS A fquar, Wahbix firey Afws tA =4 AM Aw = amt, | CAD BE rae Ss x LH Trace 9 Maly Ac |ft 2 56) Trace (A) =lteneR a = 3. 0S =i 6 Bt i ~~ CAT 2 @ WOxA) = ATA tes 8 an @© w~latB)= ha +B. e Ba _@ las) = Trea). Cf 4B nd Ba Aepined) | | | _— @©a@rnt= A © Greets 4n+ eh | A=/2-3) Yer a1 6 4-¢ A fs steak Webs: ts purely ae UAL * Peae waln x. _tf [classificatfou J Roal wate | Ou 4lre baste 4. Relapowl fp blw AT aug 4: © |symnonse my ahix |. O_AAT > symone aan @ Atay 7 — ee Sy eer if @_AatrBi and 4-8 ari abe sya a x 5 Awhes S| Oa, oa 7 — point 2 Ces oF lof be z= aa 5 Sy Wes c ad —_@ [Skee symone mabix |: [area] | AAT Hy Odusatyt seu SYM Vrehye Hy Max te nog URL. 7 = os _[ Nor: OIL A ag B ane Sto raf mais { HALA AB aol BA a «bo ort 4 Ctra. — VIt Maas Are ert g OAL Sane Aer CA) = tI. I (4 Atta) =F) nuay > Hy ot be | Plug HAAS u | # | classification ¢ Gupux moabix | Oe Ou basis 4 Reatrerwl?p b/w | A& and A- oe : J Hosa? Hon S Eero Hon Pfau Watany 2 £ t Ahir fem es OC + 9)® = aot BO @_(4B)e = p&A4® KD big erat “HOT Henitan Miusb be eS _@ diag cued wanes “4 show “5 few 2 Herm fff — Wedmcts arte Pasa tt Hay UI Tne - gPassy. a ~ azae — e a =P ee J 5 — Hantaihon skew Herr Aa = @ =A “Geri Ar) = Pte = z SN mm Haq ihan maha. © modulus chet wt Ta zE Cu?tesry Malhix fs I (A= } CN A Renton Haan fa Pe Sher tania e® Ontoqournf .- ARTE I Lane poteug 2 Atzx esa ei AA* =I. Lt lau ar ars {Get Clee Ges en [|Ctr2t Ctz2 Ores ss = Mruons 1 — Co factses :— LaActfofur:— ehewuuut 4 moahix 4 are steplaced by Pts Co--f4 cten, Hen +t.” harspose g thar Wahiw is Enon 20 adj ciut | Fo nranix A- ty A= Ce) RL (OMA EA ea ae (AXE @ at= t fe ae I. AVS (A 2 mee Lt cue ae a ts wuld by ~/s ip wow! om ¢ datum nant is ow © COLL Inietaung ey wualhipGed by same “WHmtbe K Hin Valin 4, cetynurnrant re K ob sal v U4 gre, detnminant : {ea} = ESA) If Ars (eu - UG aime bi By + AC sD - ar AREbIO2Dy C1C2 = O- - 1 4Az thi Ba t Ci C3 sO G2 Ar + b2B2 +CiC2 =a AGW ane a Cyan Ar, 81,61 &¢ Cofactey Z element arei Cte ru D. en VTE _ ~ B ew (Al= (8) SSS eee 2S) _ a= a a —— an Oe a LD aS JA) ke 5) (£ preci pu singer “say A ya Aud alt oteu + say b- etuminant £ ae “ake — - (anh). CD) sary Skee symuebic mahiy E odd erclin, fe Cno- 9, (Agta) = Ale @ \aay CAS CAT = Cale Nok: [ery of Afagorag Moly & [yZ Potatuog by “Gr pratt of hag tro$ (We —— = Pe Ge BE ¢ | VY . : pA) tnvense g MEX - : uuu wmotix A exPsk 1p on -shugetot (A) to + as Alay (A) Pause J mass x Cr [sas [oo Ca] _ AEG: CA) A = a (ady. A) = [al To = 4. _ # Shontcup to Fd Adfofur . = ee Ran eee = elo = etat) = . OWS eg Es Cea te De o = WO UUhonty (Wdepeidourt otgiy oad | QUARK COLLUANA UL chant @ wom tas S miu, wy, © [Roux tag) = ROK A — | Ll eee ~— © Rook ee) eRe Sie fe Rowk tangy = wk (UMass ansar Stade WS el CLS Senay AD | RUM sures etady ag 20: ) eal ore {0 | a (AV be : | o| Aals ATA = T. @| Aand B one Invense of Cath Olhet (fF | AB=BA= I. @)| Gey = Bat QM @eoyts ct ata @\ (ar)! =@ UT ©) @ve =a J Wecanty Aopendout= —> et 223 LAY =O x yrs a ) Uv ACRAL Lardcporddtoy > wi fo | fon X1-Xrand X3 +o be MDMUCCMS NOE | Method © > EAL <3 | _ Reeca) = Oy __| { -2 3 — — E> Somat ok - L A 3 2A - GA-I2 +19 = 2A =O] YA + #6 =o ome Valug 4 k for wh Pech folowing | Vecterts ase [Mreanly Independent. _ a xr =/4 X2-/3 X32 Ts 2 Le! 3 gal q ( powle geneous eqr —> Ax=0 ~CA) = + CAI BD =ancin: Lae tar een ee eA x= wai ge CA) 4 vCal Bp) —(neoustsrect’ £ ro Soturfou. Couctrpent £ Cua solntT a. : WI LPaQ soln ea Ax=Ax- ePgemvatiin ord 219 enn cans, Coustelay Q strat fymm bse | tet [mask M226 | 201 + 22-0. Eigen vector = | 7! OA oS J | _ : a LZ fen dre —___— SEE | R2tRI 7 T=22/]f* |. [e ED oJ wr [aoe Kl 1 —2X1 2X2 =0- __ T ZI =A KD : [xe] Eigenvectess = i_——@ | — Twos (| Eye H ry | Dit Saf —_ = —_| a5 2 _Satvegman ts Hy Sipe echo tra pomnaling fe APs Ace velgun vel 4 2 wane s WAS X — ary cen oe “A-A) @-A) = 12 =e SS FRE=3 A =fo-=s,] | saeco eC ry Cytg- Renilten Here lara = li ett PAREN REOY 7 | | a aa (WSs aA) WUC he NCTM OTe cme eMC Le matrix is called trace of the matrix. itary Si Cd ) Tb (ate) = Kla)+F (8) RCO Cy) wi) T(a+e = T (aT) + Te(8") (AD PRT U COO EW Ty bee s of Matrix Addition (OM vclrnaselel nm comne hz Let A = [aj]mxn and B = [bj] nxn be matrices of the same order mxnthenA+B=B+A. (COV Clubate eC ROE SSO E nH Let A, B, C can be the matrices of the same order, Then (A+B) +C=A+(B+C) (iii) Cancellation law for matrix addition : Pla ve On RU iclee ese MRT eRe 7 ee ee One iee Ren ales E On ties of Matrix Mul — or may not be Multiplication of matrices is Cate itectele ee mut lesa o hy Oa commutativeli.e. AB # BA associative] i.e. A(BC) = (AB)C Matrix multiplication is distributive with respect to addition ie. A(B +C)=AB+AC Multiplication with Identity A(Bx<) # AB XAG Matrix : If A be nxn matrix and I, is a unit matrix of order n, then Al,=1,A=A aha a wn, Nid (a Soe rt ea Oa Se Fe Er rf ree cr LCE acm aaa ° or Peers) oe ie a) HE ed. eas ae B-IQIIAN i a a creer ee mee Tunes kee CeCe ke et eae ree CUE RSet tee aut Col) (Os eo Cc emcee eee C nse. Ue CM Ea AGU CCS hn mens Croce seamen ae aes a ray ard ; is Wee ere) ro) If elements of a row in a determinant can be expressed as the mee eee Su Ciet cme Ce tts Caen ee- ly doe eeu e me Pam uae ernie ee Coe | ee (Od faa rn are aT Aare act ei ee ne Ona OCT REM REDE C Tee cll Esai ail Ae S| esa NANTS) BU OM ecu Renee eee ecto ms any row and their corresponding cofactors. i.e., a et a ie a) where i represents rows. This expansion is called the expansion ymca om BSTC Rae se Rees eu ne See ke mst product of elements of any column and the corresponding Cee eta ee Cee Le Aaa a a aati RO Te A ee Bea et ear Batt) SMC CR CUO OCC Bone UUme eam aed products of elements of the i row and the corresponding Cece e Lute Eee RCTS QA... + Q2Ai,2 +Q3A;,3=0, in the case of the determinant of general 3 x 3 matrix where i # i,. Thus, if we choose i=1,i, =3 : CTE or eee) Lari t ME) @21 422 A223 LF Oe) Vid SECT ae Tyee EC LS Sa a ee eat) Lore] A Lees | ai aol fen Pro) am -1)| | rac a Cry am S P34 SLT Retr) Batre OTe eee Le ae ELEC rk OTL ee) ptr Rate ae em roe tae ce CTU lr ea SEL ET id BCE Ra Se RSE ne eae COS EAC EY el Rt oe ae LU Sep aa ITD = en Rh eee ¢ ry aR ear ee AL Da a OE a COL ele al i - (a8) “t= ata! eh al of |= transpose of cofactor matrix ABC) ort adj= tral f cof Cre > fare OEE Re ry aC Ean a aed eacife a aren he lAl FeCl eee iat ca me haa ~ [Ad Cady (R45 A)] = fal” yn ete aCe Cae een CORN oe) Anan 4 if A is non-singular[JAl #0] => S(A)= 7 8(a) = SCAT) = 8(A*) = $(a~*) = (an?) = 5(ata)e slacs(0) Ee ee eee ene nan ay Sr ean inne Eom ETS Se ee ere eee nC reT oH alee 8 all ce) are proportional then $(A) is 4 Cres OM Tm Clt LCi eae 1 b Ceca CTs matrix, gx [loo PO eee ae haa Sea ropa eae eee erect CS er ad heals Bonk (a8) < $A) 3 (a8) < s(s) 3(a+8) < $(A)+8(8) S(A-B) > Difference in ranks of A ond B oMroy ky are CRETE eae OREO ner ee OFS aC nao Aun 8( AB) > 8(A)48(8)-0 Rank = Order of largest ne or in Row echelon form [Row R ns in Gluma echelon Foren [Colo rin in normal (Canonical) form Pao ee cd meen a eran a ie f as cero) + Ne eer aed ees) 22. Elemestary operations. do not change the rank ES ae a eM eer Sa Ra a (Properties of Eigen Values } Ch ae ee ence thee =beciles ae 0 an Dea ere Pepe irae ger wenn on er Ae Neer en Rei ienrcn cs agit vr ernest FY Giggs valoes af A and AT are nese. bub eigenvectors oy or way actos 4 i sili Geen Ci i ha ane: ob a Jenn eee Fi Sarr rier aprile tg: Pate heringpepi cer OE eee Reece ge ee rhe io oo ree ero ea ary Cy fee Pea ve | ass, ee coe poe ae ee re eee Sra ek pone ene eres a er ar ea fear a ee arene ae sie er a) Pec aes DDE CCR ee sae ee nie a ee oe : Cat ea Se a Deans Seman Syren see ete 5 Paved Cigen values Ay Adj Ay Arava different ce eee een er mene mer ee ee res eee earn (ceoneoeee rien) bear f Properties of Eigen Values + Alguebric multiplicity (A.M) —> No- of times o particular eigen value repeats itself . Pee tt ea eee a my 5 a aU CO n-n=i (Kk) GMs ees = aCe ee 4 Dees aC An Se) Pore mre Der OO te 8 SiO) El

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