GEOMETRY GR 9 REVISION MODULE

A: Lines and Triangles

In geometry problems (called riders), we often find the sizes of angles and lengths of lines.
We also can be asked to prove certain angles and lines equal. There are certain techniques
that we can use, and we will work through the following examples to give you some ideas.
Please take special note of the setting out, and of the acceptable abbreviations to use as
1
reasons.

1. We can use algebra in our Geometry.

e.g: N M Find the size of x.

x+14º

2x+ 10º

O P

Answer: ̂ ̂ = 180º (NM ‫ ׀׀‬PO ∴ ______________________ )

N+O
i.e x + 14º + 2x + 10º = 180º

∴ 3x = ________

∴ x = ________

2. If a = b, and b = c, then we can say that a = ____

e.g A F E ̂= E
Prove that B ̂

̂ = Ĉ1 (AB // ED ∴ alt ∠ s are

Proof: B
=)

̂C1 = E
̂
2 (___________________)
B C
̂= E
∴B ̂

Note: if x = y , y = z and z = b, we can say x = ____

3. If we want to prove lines are parallel, we must prove that :
 the alternate angles are equal, or
 the corresponding angles are equal, or
 the co-interior angles are supplementary.

e.g. 1 In the diagram below, prove that AB║CD.

N 2
A B
1 150o

P 2
o D
C 30 1

Proof: ̂ 1 = 30º
N (∠’s on a str line)

̂2 = 30º
P ( __________________________ )

i.e ̂1 = ̂
N P2 ( both = 30º )

but these are equal alternate angles

∴ AB // CD (Could this have been proved in another way?)

4. Isosceles triangles:

Remember: the definition of an isosceles triangle is that it has 2 equal sides. We can
then deduce that the angles opposite the equal sides are equal.
A
e.g 1. Find the value of x in the diagram 50º
alongside, if it is given that AB = BC.
B x
Answer: Ĉ = 50º (∠’s opp = sides are =)
C
∴ x = ________ (∠’s in a ∆ )
 ̂ = 80º.
̂ in ∆ABC if AB = AC, and A
e.g 2. Find B

̂ = Ĉ (∠’s opp = sides are =)

Answer: B A
80°

180° − 80°
̂ =
∴B (∠’s in a ∆ )
2

̂ =
∴B B
C

e.g 3. C ̂ = 80º
In the figure, AB = AE and D
B
2 Find the size of Ĉ, and hence prove that

A ∆ACD is isosceles.
80°
E
D
̂1 = 80º ( ________________________________ )
Proof: E

̂ 1 = 80º ( _______________________________ )
∴ B

∴ Ĉ = 80º ( ________________________________ )

i.e Ĉ = D
̂ ( both = to 80º )

∴ AD = AC (sides opp = ∠’s are =)

∴ ∆ACD is isosceles.

̂1 = B
e.g 4. In the figure, BC //AD, and B ̂ 2. A

Prove that AB = AE.

B 1 1 E
2
̂ 2= E
Proof: B ̂1 ( ________________________ ) C D

̂2 = B
but B ̂ 1 ( given)

̂1 =B
∴E ̂ 1 ( both = B
̂2 )
 ∴ AB = AE ( sides opp ______________________ )

5. Equiangular triangles:

A In the figure Ĉ = D
̂ .
Prove that AB̂ D = AE
̂ C.

B E

C D

Proof: In Δ ‘s ACE and ABD

Ĉ = D
̂ (given )

̂ is common
A

̂ D = AE
∴ AB ̂ C (3rd∠ of Δ)

OR: Let Ĉ = D
̂= x

̂ + x + AB
In Δ ABD, A ̂ D = 180º (∠’s in a ∆ )

̂ + x + AE
In Δ AEC, A ̂ C = 180º (∠’s in a ∆ )

̂ D = AE
∴ AB ̂C

*6. If a = b + c, and a = b + d , then __________

It may be clearer to see this if the 2 statements are written underneath each other:
a= b + c
a= b + d It should be clear that c = d

̂ E = 90° and DB
e.g .1. Given AB ̂ C = 90°

̂1 = B
prove that B ̂ 3. A D

̂1 + B
Proof: B ̂ 2= 90° (given)
E
1
 ̂3 + B
B ̂ 2 = 90°( ________ )
2
3
̂1 = B
∴B ̂3 B C

̂ = 90º and BA ⊥ GC.

e.g 2. In the figure, D A

Prove that Ĉ 1 = A
̂. G
̂+B
Proof: A ̂ + 90º = 180º (∠’s in ∆ ABD)
1
Ĉ1+ B
̂ + 90º = 180º (∠’s in ∆ BCG) B C
D
̂ = Ĉ1
∴ A

7. It is useful to name angles that are equal, with letters.

e.g1 In the figure EA = AD , and CE bisects Ĉ.

A

E 12 ̂2 = B
Prove that A ̂
2
1
1
2
B D

1 2
C
̂2 = D
Proof: E ̂ 1( ∠’s opp = sides are =). Let E
̂2 = D
̂ 1 = x.

Let Ĉ1 = Ĉ2 = y (given bisected)

∴E ̂ + Ĉ1
̂2 = B (ext∠ of ∆ = sum int opp∠’s )
̂+y
[Link] = B

Also D ̂ 2 + Ĉ2
̂1 = A ( _____________________ )
̂2 + y
i.e x = A
̂2
̂= A
∴B
 ̂ D = Ĉ, and MA bisects CA
e.g [Link] the figure BA ̂ D. ̂ M.
̂ 1 = BA
Prove that M
A
1 2
3

1 2
B C
D M

Proof:
̂ 1 = Ĉ = x (given A
Let A ̂ 1 = Ĉ)

̂2 = A
and let A ̂ 3 = y (given CA
̂ D bisected)

̂ 3 +Ĉ ( ____________________________ )
̂1 = A
M
̂1 = x + y
i.e M
̂ M = x + y ( BA
but BA ̂M = A
̂1 + A
̂2 )

̂ M.
̂ 1 =BA
∴M

8. We can multiply or divide equations through by a number.

̂P
e.g In the figure, MP‫ ׀׀‬NQ, OM bisects NM M
P

and ON bisects MN ̂ = 90º.

̂ Q .Prove that O O

̂1 = M
Proof: Let M ̂ 2 = x (given NM
̂ P bisected) N
Q

̂1 = N
Let N ̂ 2 = y (given MN
̂ Qbisected)

̂ P + MN
NM ̂ Q = 180º (MP // NQ ∴ ________________________ )

∴ 2x + 2y = 180º

∴ x + y = 90º

i.e ̂2 + N
M ̂1 = 90º

̂ = 90º ( ∠’s in a ∆ )
∴O
Exercise 2.

Show all working details, and give reasons for all your statements.

Question 1.

Find the value of x in each of the following:

1.1 1.2

2x 5x 20º

2x
x

1.3 ̂ = 50º
Given A
A
50º E Now what can you say about AB and CE?
Give a reason for your answer.

B 80º x
x
C D
1.4 A C 1.5 A
x

76º
1
E

F x+14º

B D B 64º
C
1.6 J 1.7 K

H 20º 140º L

K x N
M
1.8
B
D

2
M
1

o
130 1 1 x L
J 2

1.9

Q
o
35

1 x
P
O

O is the circle centre.

1.10 B ̂ = x, what is the size of

If A

Ĉ in terms of x ?
C
A
1.11 ̂ 1 = x, what is the size of
If A
̂ 2 in terms of x?
A

1 2

Question 2.

2.1 ̂ = F̂.
Prove that B 2.2 Prove that Δ ABC is isosceles.
A D B
94º
B E C 43º
C

F G A

2.3 ̂.
Prove that AC bisects A 2.4 Prove that DG ⊥ EF.
A D
1 2 y y

B x x D 1 2 x
x
y y E G F

2.5 Prove that ΔABC is equilateral. 2.6 In the figure B ̂ C = 55º.

̂ = DA

A Prove that AD║ BC.

1 x A
D
 1

B 60º
C 30º
D B C

2.7 C ̂1 = B
In the figure, D ̂.

1 2 ̂ 2 + Ĉ2 = B
Prove that A ̂.

12 2 1

A D E
2.8 A In the diagram AD = DC = BD.
̂ = 90º.
Prove that A

(Hint: Let Ĉ = x)

B D C

2.9 B A In the figure, BA║CD,

140º ̂B = 140º ; Ĉ = 100º and

̂ = 120º.
E
C D Prove that CD║EF.
120º

E F

2.10 In the diagram below, ̂P= T

̂ , PO = OT. 2.11 In the diagram below, AO = OD
Prove that ΔAPO ≡ ΔBTO , and hence and BO = OE. Prove that
deduce that AP = BT. ΔABO ≡ ΔDEO, and hence
deduce that
P B AB ║ ED.
 A
E
O O
A T B
D

2.12 A D
̂ = Ĉ and AB =
In the diagram, B
DC.
̂=D
Prove that A ̂.

B C