1. Which of the following is reversible if the stimulus is removed?
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Both B and A (early stages)
D. None
2. A classic example of metaplasia is:
A. Skeletal muscle growth after exercise
B. Endometrial thickening
C. Replacement of columnar epithelium by squamous epithelium in smokers
D. Tumor formation
3. Dysplasia is characterized by:
A. Uniform cell growth
B. Normal cell arrangement
C. Cellular atypia and disorganized structure
D. Increase in cytoplasm only
4. Which adaptation occurs in the uterus during pregnancy?
A. Metaplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
D. Atrophy
[Link] to cancer is most directly associated with:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Metaplasia
6. Tumor suppressor genes primarily:
A. Promote cell division
B. Inhibit cell division
C. Produce growth factors
D. Activate oncogenes
[Link] tumors are usually:
A. Well-differentiated
B. Slow growing
C. Poorly differentiated
D. Encapsulated
[Link] of the following tumors is benign?
A. Fibrosarcoma
B. Lipoma
C. Carcinoma
D. Melanoma
9. Which of the following tumors is malignant?
A. Adenoma
B. Papilloma
C. Sarcoma
D. Fibroma
10. Which of the following is TRUE about benign tumors?
A. They metastasize frequently
B. They are always fatal
C. They resemble tissue of origin
D. They grow rapidly
11. Malignant tumors commonly spread via:
A. Blood and lymphatics
B. Sweat glands
C. Hair follicles
D. Nerves only
12. Differentiation in benign tumors is usually:
A. Absent
B. Poor
C. Well maintained
D. Variable
13. A malignant tumor of epithelial origin is called:
A. Sarcoma
B. Carcinoma
C. Lymphoma
D. Glioma
14. Which of the following tumors is benign epithelial in origin?
A. Fibroma
B. Papilloma
C. Lipoma
D. Osteoma
15. A malignant tumor arising from glandular epithelium is:
A. Adenoma
B. Adenocarcinoma
C. Papilloma
D. Sarcoma