Conditional Statements in Python
Conditional statements in Python are used to execute certain blocks of
code based on specific conditions. These statements help control the flow
of a program, making it behave differently in different situations.
If Conditional Statement
If statement is the simplest form of a conditional statement. It executes a
block of code if the given condition is true.
If Statement
age = 20
if age >= 18:
print("Eligible to vote.")
Output
Eligible to vote.
Short Hand if
Short-hand if statement allows us to write a single-line if statement.
age = 19
if age > 18: print("Eligible to Vote.")
Output
Eligible to Vote.
This is a compact way to write an if statement. It executes print statement
if the condition is true.
If else Conditional Statement
If Else allows us to specify a block of code that will execute if the
condition(s) associated with an if or elif statement evaluates to False. Else
block provides a way to handle all other cases that don't meet the
specified conditions.
If Else Statement
age = 10
if age <= 12:
print("Travel for free.")
else:
print("Pay for ticket.")
Output
Travel for free.
Short Hand if-else
The short-hand if-else statement allows us to write a single-line if-else
statement.
marks = 45
res = "Pass" if marks >= 40 else "Fail"
print(f"Result: {res}")
Output
Result: Pass
Note: This method is also known as ternary operator. Ternary Operator
essentially a shorthand for the if-else statement that allows us to write
more compact and readable code, especially for simple conditions.
elif Statement
elif statement in Python stands for "else if." It allows us to check multiple
conditions, providing a way to execute different blocks of code based on
which condition is true. Using elif statements makes our code more
readable and efficient by eliminating the need for multiple nested if
statements.
age = 25
if age <= 12:
print("Child.")
elif age <= 19:
print("Teenager.")
elif age <= 35:
print("Young adult.")
else:
print("Adult.")
Output
Young adult.
The code checks the value of age using if-elif-else. Since age is 25, it
skips the first two conditions (age <= 12 and age <= 19), and the third
condition (age <= 35) is True, so it prints "Young adult.".
Nested if..else Conditional Statement
Nested if..else means an if-else statement inside another if statement. We
can use nested if statements to check conditions within conditions.
Nested If Else
age = 70
is_member = True
if age >= 60:
if is_member:
print("30% senior discount!")
else:
print("20% senior discount.")
else:
print("Not eligible for a senior discount.")
Output
30% senior discount!
Ternary Conditional Statement
A ternary conditional statement is a compact way to write an if-else
condition in a single line. It’s sometimes called a "conditional expression."
# Assign a value based on a condition
age = 20
s = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"
print(s)
Output
Adult
Here:
If age >= 18 is True, status is assigned "Adult".
Otherwise, status is assigned "Minor".
Match-Case Statement
match-case statement is Python's version of a switch-case found in other
languages. It allows us to match a variable's value against a set of
patterns.
number = 2
match number:
case 1:
print("One")
case 2 | 3:
print("Two or Three")
case _:
print("Other number")
Output:
Two or Three