Ratio(:)

If I mixed 2 cups of juice with 1 cup of water, how does it taste?

¿ Which is stronger?
¿ Why?
A ratio compares amounts of two of more things.
- Example : Boys to girls in class
Red pens to blue pens
Apples to oranges

2 cups of juice : 1 cup of water → 2:1

What is the ratio of emoji to star?

Different ways to write Ratios

¿ 2:1 (ratio forms)
¿ 2 to 1 (words)
2
¿
1 (fraction forms)
4 cats and 2 dogs → ratio cats:dogs = ?
5 pencils and 5 pens → what do you notice?

Simplifying Fractions

5
1. 10 =❑
❑
33
2. 77 =❑
❑
12
3. 28 =❑
❑

Simplifying Ratios
1. 5:10 =
2. 33: 77=
3. 12:28=
4. 24:12 =
5. 28:21=
6. 45:15 =
7. 20:60 =
8. 32:24=
[Link] are 8 apples and 4 oranges.
Ratio apples : oranges = __
10.A class has 12 boys and 6 girls.
Ratio boys : girls = __
11.A recipe uses 10 cups of flour and 5 cups of sugar.
Ratio flour : sugar = __
12.A bag has 9 red marbles and 3 blue marbles.
Ratio red : blue = __
1. Simplify the following ratios where possible.
a) 6:4 = 3:2
b) 3:12 = 1:4
c) 30:40 = 3:4
d) 14:21 = 2:3
e) 15:20 = 3:4
f) 40:16 = 20:8=10:4=5:2
g) 9:24 = 3:8
h) 7:4 = 7:4
2. Make three whole-number ratios that are equivalent to 8: 12.
8:12= 4:6 = 2:3 = 16:24 = 24:36
10: 25 = 2:5 = 20:50 = 30: 75 = 50:125

3. Melanie looks at this diagram of colored dots.

She makes these statements:
a) The ratio of red to green is 1:1
b) The ratio of yellow to red is 3:1
c) The ratio of red to not red is 1:4
3:9 = 1:3
 Is each statement true or false? Explain how you know.

4. A farmer grows 750 kg of potatoes and 150 kg of carrots.

a) Write down the ratio of potato mass to carrot mass in its simplest
form. 750kg : 150 kg = 750:150 = 15 : 3 = 5:1
b) Write down the ratio of carrot mass to potato mass in its simplest
form.
150kg:750kg= 150:750 = 3:15 = 1:5

5. Here is a list of ingredients for a cake.

a) Write down the ratio of flour to butter in its simplest form.
240g:200g = 240:200= 12:10 = 6:5
b) Write down the ratio of eggs to sugar in its simplest form.
150g:180g= 150:180 = 15:18 = 5:6
c) Write down the ratio of sugar to flour in its simplest form.
180g :240g = 180:240 = 18:24 = 6:8

6. Simplify the following ratios.

a) 8 : 0.5 = 16 : 1

16 : 1

b) 2.5 :3 = 5:6
c) 0.25 :1 = 1:4
 1 1 1 21 1 21
d) 2 : 10 2 = 2 : 2 = 2 2
× : 2
× 2 = 1 : 21

1
7. Jess wants to simplify the ratio 2 :6. She says, 'Half of 6 is 3, so the
simplest form is 1:3.' Is she correct? Explain your answer.
No, the correct answer is 1 : 12.
8. A drink contains 1.5 liters of orange juice and 0.5 liters of grapefruit
juice. Write down the ratio of orange juice to grapefruit juice in its
simplest form.
1.5:0.5 = 3:1

9. a) The ratio of blue marbles to black marbles is 1:3. There are 10 blue
marbles. How many black marbles are there?

10 blue marbles
1part 3parts
1 unit = 10 blue marbles
3 units = ? 30 black marbles

b) There are 40 students on a school trip. The ratio of teachers to

students is 1:5. How many teachers are there?

? 40students
1part 1 part 1part 1part 1part 1part
5 units = 40 students
1 unit = 8 teachers 8 : 40 = 1:5
c) The ratio of tables to chairs in a classroom is 3:8. There are 9 tables in
the classroom. How many chairs are there?
3 units = 9 tables
1 unit = 3
8 units = 24 chairs

10. For each pair of offers, use ratios to show which is the better value.
a) A 6 kg bag of rice for $14, or a 15 kg bag of rice for $30
6kg = 14 15kg= 30
1kg = 2.333 1kg = 2

b) A pack of 16 pens for $4.20, or a pack of 24 pens for $6.00

16pen=4.20 24pen = 6.00
1pen = 0.28 1pen= 0.25

¿You can only simplify ratios to their simplest form when their units
are the same.
1. Simplify the ratios where possible.
(a) 24:36= 2:3
(b) 7:22= 7:22
(c) 20:50:30= 2:5:3
(d) 30 minutes:90minutes= 30:90 = 1:3
(e) 40cm:1m= 40cm:100cm = 4:10 = 2:5
(f) 400 grams:2 kilograms= 400grams : 2000 grams = 400:2000 = 4:20=
1:5
(g) $24 : $56= 24:56 = 12: 28 = 3:7
(h) 33: 55: 88= 3:5:8
(i) 2hr. : 23hr.= 2:23
(j) 4cm:100mm= 40mm:100mm=40:100= 4:10= 2:5

2. Write three whole-number ratios equivalent to:

a) 3 : 5= 6:10 = 12:20 = 24: 40
b) 4 : 7= 8:14= 16:28 = 32: 56
c) 6 : 9= 12:18 = 18: 27 = 24:36
d) 2 : 11= 4:22= 6:33 = 8:44

3. A farmer grows 600 kg of apples and 200 kg of oranges

a) Write the ratio of apples to oranges in simplest form
600kg : 200kg = 600 : 200 = 6:2 = 3:1
b) Write the ratio of oranges to apples in simplest form
1:3
4. A shop sells 450 pens and 150 pencils
a) Find the ratio of pens to pencils in simplest form
450:150 = 9:3 = 3:1
b) Find the ratio of pencils to pens in simplest form
1:3
5. A garden has 720 flowers and 180 trees
a) Write the ratio of flowers to trees
720:180= 72:18 = 8:2 =4:1
b) Write the ratio of trees to flowers
1:4
6. A factory produces 900 bottles of juice and 300 bottles of water
a) Find the ratio of juice to water in simplest form
900:300 = 9:3= 3:1
b) Find the ratio of water to juice
300 :900 = 1:3
7. A class has 24 boys and 36 girls
a) Write the ratio of boys to girls in simplest form
24 : 36 = 12:18 = 2:3
b) Write the ratio of girls to boys in simplest form
3:2
8. A farmer harvests 840 kg of wheat and 360 kg of corn
a) Find the ratio of wheat to corn in simplest form
840kg : 360 kg = 840:360 = 84:36 = 42:18= 21:9 7:3
b) Find the ratio of corn to wheat in simplest form
3:7
Simplify the Ratios
1.a) 6 : 0.5= 12:1
b) 3.5 : 7= 7:14
c) 0.25 : 2= 1:8
d) 1.2 : 0.6= 12:6 = 6:3 = 2:1
2.
a) ½ : 3= 1 :6
b) ¾ : 6= 3 : 24 =1:8
c) 2 : ½= 4:1
d) 5 : 1½= 10:3

3. Tom wants to simplify ½ : 8.

He says: “Half of 8 is 4, so the ratio is 1 : 4.”
👉 Is he correct? Explain.
No, 1:16
4. Sara simplifies 2 : 6.
She says: “Divide both by 2 → 1 : 3.”
👉 Is she correct? Explain.
Yes
5. A drink contains 4.5 liters of orange juice and 7.5 liters of grapefruit
juice. Write down the ratio of orange juice to grapefruit juice in its
simplest form.
4.5 : 7.5 = 9:15 = 3:5
6. The ratio of blue balls to black ball is 2: 5. There are 14 blue balls.
How many black balls are there?
2u= 14
1u= 7
5u =35

There are 8 teachers on a school trip. The ratio of teachers to students is

1: 5. How many students are there?
1u=8
5u = 40

The ratio of bicycles to cars in a town is 3: 8. There are 18 bicycles.

How many cars are there?
48

Worked example 4……….

Exercise 2
1. Divide 60 in these ratios:
(a) 1 :2 1unit = 20, 2u=40
1+2=3units = 60
Divide 60 in these ratios:
(b) 11 :1
12units= 60
1 unit = 5
11 u= 55
(c) 2: 3
2+3= 60
5unit = 60
1unit = 60÷ 5= 12
2u= 24
3u = 36

(d) 1: 3
1unit + 3 units = 60
4u=60
1u= 60÷4= 15
3u = 15 × 3= 45
(e) 7: 13
7+13= 20 u = 60
1unit = 60 ÷ 20 = 3 , 7u= 21, 13u= 39
(f) 3: 7 , 10units = 60, 1u= 6, 3u= 18, 7u= 42
2. Divide 105 in these ratios:
(a) 1 :4 ,1u= 4u=

1
(b) 6 :1, 7units=105 1u= 105÷ 2 = 1:2
3
3:7 = 7

(c) 1 :2 1unit= , 2units= 5:23 =

1
100 =

(d) 3 :2 3units= , 2units=

(e) 4 :3

(f) 20 :1

3. A ribbon of length 65 cm is divided into two pieces in the ratio 1 : 4.

How long is each piece?

65 cm

1 unit 4 units
5 units= 65 cm , 1unit = 65 ÷ 5= 13cm , 4units = 4×13 = 52cm
first piece= cm, second piece = cm
4. Diarmaid and Ingrid divide 49 berries in the ratio 3:4
(a) How many berries do they each get?
7units= 49 berries
1u= 49 ÷ 7 = 7, 3units= 21, 4units = 28
7 7 7 7 7 7 7

3u
21 3
(b) What fraction of the berries does Diarmaid get? 49 =7

28 4
(c) What fraction of the berries does Ingrid get? 49 = 7

5. Lily and Ezra share an inheritance of $25,000 in the ratio 3:1

(a) How much money do they each get?
18750
(b) What fraction of the money does Lily get? 25000

6. A fruit drink is made by mixing juice and water in the ratio 1:6. Susie
wants to make 280ml of the drink. How much juice and how much
water does she need?
1unit = 280 ÷ 7 =

7. Divide:
a) $24 in the ratio 2:1 , 2u= 1u=
b) 270ml in the ratio 7:2
c) $144 in the ratio 3:5
d) 56kg in the ratio 5:2
e) $340 in the ratio 11:9
f) 3 hours in the ratio 1:9

8. Michael and Mo want to divide $12870 in the ratio 3:2 Michael says,
'I should get $4290 and Mo should get $ 6435 because 12870÷ 3= 4290
and 12870÷ 2=6435.
Do you agree with Michael? Explain your answer.

The Unitary method

15 books = $45 15 books = $45

8 books = ? 1book = 45 ÷15 = $3
8 books = $3 × 8= $ 24

Exercise 3
1. The cost of 5 notebooks is 350 cents.
a) Find the cost of 1 notebook.
5 notebooks = 350 cents
1 notebook = ? $70
b) Find the cost of 7 notebooks.
7= $490

2. The mass of 6 AA batteries is 138g.

1 AA = 23g
Which statement below is not correct? Correct this statement.
a) The mass of 15 AA batteries is 345 g.
b) The mass of 5 AA batteries is 115g. correct
c) The mass of 3 AA batteries is 69g. correct
d) The mass of 19 AA batteries is 414g. 437 g

3.
a) You need 240g of flour to make 12 cupcakes. Calculate the amount of
flour needed to make 15 cupcakes.
12c = 240 g
1 c = 20g
15 c= 300 g

b) Chris buys 7 pencils for 56 cents. Calculate the cost of 6 pencils.

 48 cents
c) A cleaner charges $72 for 6 hours of cleaning. How much does the
cleaner charge for 9 hours of cleaning?
6hr.= $72
1 hr. = $9
9hr.= $81
d) 20 miles is approximately the same distance as 32 km. Use this fact to
work out the approximate number of miles in 8 km.
32 km= 20 miles
1 km = 0.625
8 km = 5 miles

4. Joe is paid $55 for 10 hours' work at a supermarket. To calculate how

much he gets paid for 2 hours, he does the calculations below.
$55 for 10 hours 10 hr= $55
$110 for 20 hours 1hr = $ 5.5
$11 for 2 hours 2 hr= $ 11
a) Is Joe correct?
b) Show how to do the calculation by first finding the pay for 1 hour.
10 hours = $ 55
1 hour = $ 5.5
2 hours = $ 11
c) Use two different methods to calculate how much Joe will be paid for
3 hours of work.

5. The height of 6 identical bricks is 72 cm.

Which method of finding the height of 18 of these bricks is not correct?
Correct it.
a) Find the height of 1 brick, then multiply the result by 18.
b) Multiply 72cm by 3.
c) Find the height of 2 bricks, then multiply the answer by 9.
d) Find the height of 3 bricks, then multiply the answer by 3.

6. Khaled exchanged 160 euros for dollars. He received $180.

a) Makoto exchanged 400 euros for dollars. How many dollars did he
receive?
160 euros = $180
1 euro = $ 1.125
400 euros = $ 450
b) Chae-rin exchanged some euros and received $135. How many euros
did she pay?
$180 = 160 euros
160
$1 = 180 euros

$135 = 120 euros

7. 80 paperclips have a mass of 160 g.
Amy and Tom buy 360 g of paperclips. To find out the number of
paperclips they bought, they do different calculations but reach the same
answer. Are both calculations correct?
Amy answer Tom answer
1 1 paperclip=160g ÷80= 2g
1 paperclip= 80÷160= 2 g
1 360g÷2g=180 paperclips
×360=180 paperclips
2

Consolidation exercise
1. Write each ratio in its simplest form.
a) 55:40 = 11:8
b) 80:32 = 5:2
c) 7:0.5 = 14:1
1
d) 1 2 :5 = 3:10

e) 0.25:1.25 = 1: 5
1
f) 0.5: 2 = 1:1

2. Which is the odd one out? Explain your answer.

A 32:48 B 4:6 C 108:162 D 56:72 E 10:15

A 2:3
B 2:3
C 2:3
D 7:9
E 2:5

3 Graham is dividing $90 between two people in the ratio 2:3

 2
Graham says, 'The first person will get 3 of the money.

' Do you agree with Graham? Explain your answer.

5 u = 90
1u= 18
2u = 36

4. The total mass of 20 tiles is 12kg. Calculate:

a) the mass of 2 tiles 1.2 kg
b) the mass of 7 tiles 4.2kg
c) the mass of 1000 tiles. 600kg

5. A sign at a currency exchange bureau says: 'Buy 180 Chinese yuan

for 25 Swiss francs'.
a) Sven exchanges 300 Swiss francs for Chinese yuan. How many yuan
does he receive?
25 SF = 180 yuan
2160 yuan
b) Bridget exchanges some Swiss francs for Chinese yuan. She receives
900 yuan. How many francs did she exchange?

Probabilities
* Probability is the measure of how likely an event is to happen.

Number of favourable outcomes

Probability = Total number of outcomes

Red = Yellow =

Relative Frequency
*Relative frequency is how often an event occurs compared to
total trials.

Number of ×event occurs

Relative Frequency = Total number of trials

Example :
Flip a coin 10 times Head appears 6 times
 6
Relative Frequency = 10

Differences between Probability and Relative Frequency

Probability Relative Frequency
* Theoretical * Experimental
* Calculate before experiment * Calculate after experiment
* Exact (in theory) * May vary
* Based on all possible * Based on actual result
outcomes