Ecosystem
Learning how nature works together
Presented By:
[Link] kumari
[Link] saini
[Link] Kumar
[Link] yadav
[Link] kumari
[Link] kumar
[Link] sharma
[Link] gupta
What is an
Ecosystem?
A community where living
organisms interact with each other
and their non-living environment.
Example :
A forest, a pond, a single tree
or even a rotting log !
Every ecosystem has
Living Things &
Non Living Things
Living Things :
Plants, animals, people.
Non Living Things :
Water, sunlight, soil, air.
Types of Ecosystem
Forest Desert Polar Aquatic
FOREST ECOSYSTEM
A forest ecosystem is a natural
system where trees, plants,
animals, microorganisms, soil,
water, and climate interact with
each other to form a balanced and
self-sustaining environment.
TYPES
TROPICAL TEMPERATE BOREAL
FOREST FOREST FOREST
IMPORTANCE
IMPORTANCE
1. Oxygen 2. Carbon [Link]
Production Sequestration Conservation
4. Soil 6. Climate [Link] and
Conservation Regulation Recreational
Value
Desert Ecosystem
A harsh environment defined by extremely low rainfall.
A desert ecosystem is a type of
ecosystem characterized by low
rainfall (less than 25 cm/year),
extreme temperatures, and sparse
vegetation. Despite harsh
conditions, deserts support
specially adapted plants and
animals.
TYPES
01 Hot Deserts
02 Cold Deserts
03 Semi-arid Deserts
04 Coastal Deserts
1. Biodiversity
2. Mineral resources
IMPORTANCE 3. Climate Influence
4. Scientific Research
5. Tourism
POLAR ECOSYSTEM
A polar ecosystem is found in the Earth’s coldest regions around the poles—mainly
the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole). These ecosystems are
characterized by extreme cold, ice-covered land, strong winds, and very low
biodiversity.
TYPES
ARCTIC
ARCTIC ANTARCTIC
ANTARCTIC
IMPORTANCE
Climate Wildlife
Regulation Habitat
Freshwater Scientific
Storage Research
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
An aquatic ecosystem is a water-based
ecosystem where living organisms interact
with each other and with their physical
environment. It includes all ecosystems found
in water bodies like oceans, rivers, lakes, and
wetlands.
TYPES
TYPES
Freshwater Marine Estuarine
IMPORTANCE
Biodivesity Support
Oxygen Production
Food Source
Climate Regulation
Water Cycle
FOOD CYCLE
A food chain is a linear sequence of
organisms through which energy and
nutrients pass as one organism eats
another.
Types of food chain
[Link] FOOD [Link] FOOD
CHAIN:
CHAIN:
Starts from green plants (producers) → herbivores → Starts from dead organic matter → decomposers →
carnivores
consumers
COMPONENTS OF
FOOD CHAIN
Forest Desert
PRODUCER PRIMARY SECONDARY TOP DECOMPOSE
CONSUMER CONSUMER CONSUMER
R
Let’s Care for Our
Ecosystem Together
Trophic levels
Energy Flow
Producers: Make their own food
Primary Consumers: Mostly herbivores
Secondary Consumers: Eat primary consumers. Can be
omnivores or carnivores.
Tertiary Consumers: Eats primary and secondary consumers
Apex Predators: Have no predators other than humans
Food Web
Grasshopper Bird
Sun
Fox
Grass
Eagle
Squirrel
The Energy .01%
Apex Predators
Pyramid Decomposers
.1% Energy Lost
Tertiary Consum As Heat
ers
Graphical model of how
energy flow in a community 1%
Secondary Cons
umers
10%
Primary Consum
ers
100%
Primary Produc
er
Recycled
Nutrients
Sun's Energy
The available energy decreases as the level increases.
ECOSYSTEM
CONSERVATION
Conservation of ecosystem refers
to the protection, preservation,
and sustainable management of
natural ecosystems so that they
remain healthy, balanced, and
capable of supporting life for
present and future generations.
Methods Of Conservation
1. In-situ Conservation 2. Ex-situ Conservation 3. Afforestation and
Reforestation
5. Sustainable Resource 6. Wildlife Protection
4. Pollution Control
Use Laws
Laws and Acts
For Ecosystem
Conservation
Ecosystem conservation is supported
by various national (India) and
international
Learn More laws and acts that
protect the environment, wildlife,
forests, and natural resources.
MAJOR LAWS
[Link] Protection Act, 1972
Establishes national parks and wildlife
sanctuaries
[Link] Conservation Act, 1980
Restricts use of forest land for non-forest
purposes
[Link] Protection Act, 1986
Controls pollution and hazardous
substances
[Link] Diversity Act ,2002
Ensures sustainable use of resources
Protects traditional knowledge
Conclusion
An ecosystem is a system where living and non-
living components interact to sustain life. It
maintains ecological balance and supports
biodiversity. Conservation of ecosystems is
essential for a healthy environment and future
generations.
Let’s Care for Our
Ecosystem Together
THANK YOU