Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter will feature a review of related studies and literature from both

foreign and local researchers that are relevant to the variables of the current study.

It will emphasize important concepts and findings that help in the development

and comprehension of the study. The current study will focus on the Study Habits

of 11 GAS Student and Their Academic Performance. The literature sources more

on from internet like google, PDF and google scholar, as well as existing foreign

and local theses and dissertations, which are all important in enhancing the

importance of the current study.

Related Literature

According to Credé, Tynan, and Harmsen (2017), study habits like

reviewing, note-taking, and goal-setting have a significant impact on the

performance of students. The authors noted that students who regularly use

effective study habits perform better in exams compared to those who study

irregularly. It is related to the present study because it supports the idea that

specific study habits directly influence student performance, which is the central

focus of this study in examining how study habits affect the academic

achievement of GAS students.

According to Nonis and Hudson (2019), students who applied good study

habits, including time management and regular reviewing, performed better in

importance of study habits in enhancing understanding and retention of what is

being taught. It is related to the present study because it highlights the role of time

management and consistent reviewing as key study habits, which are among the

variables being examined in relation to the academic performance of the

respondents.

According to York, Gibson, and Rankin (2016), academic achievement is a

multidimensional construct that is affected by the learning behaviors and efforts of

students. The authors added that academic success is not solely dependent on

intelligence but also on how students manage their learning tasks. It is related to

the present study because it emphasizes the importance of time management and

regular reviewing as effective study habits, which are some of the variables being

investigated in relation to the academic performance of the respondents.

Reyes and Reyes (2021) investigated the study habits of senior high school

students in the Philippines and discovered that students who have regular and

structured study habits outperformed those who did not. The authors emphasized

the significance of cultivating positive study habits among Filipino students. It is

related to the present study because it is done in a similar setting, which involves

senior high school students in the Philippines, making the results directly relevant

and comparable to the situation of the GAS students in the current study.

The General Academic Strand (GAS) is intended to equip learners with

skills necessary for different college subjects. It is suggested in the literature that

GAS learners are able to cope with different subjects, which demand flexible and
efficient learning strategies. It is stated by the Department of Education (DepEd,

2017) that GAS learners need to cultivate efficient study habits to perform well in

different fields of study.

Related Studies

Study habits are at the core of academic success. It is an action like reading,

taking notes, conducting study groups that students perform frequently, and

regularly accomplishing the learning goals. It can be defined as effective or

counterproductive based on whether it serves the students well. Thus, study habits

are purchasing out a devoted and un-interrupted time to apply oneself to the world

of learning (Rabia, Mubarak, Tallat, Nasir, 2017). This affects a student's success

in school. Also, academic performance is how well a student performs inside the

school; it results from their hard work and studies. Improving academic

performance in a student is one of the goals of every educational center

(Alimohamadi, Dehghani, Paymard & Khalili, 2018).

Thus, there are many effective study habits that can help a student improve.

According to the study as cited by Fouche (2017), he stated that good study habits

such as doing homework, participating in class, time management, staying

focused, and putting effort into studying demonstrated a significant positive

correlation on their academic performance. This is connected to the current study

because it highlights the importance of certain study habits having a direct effect

on academic performance, which is also the aim of the current study. Moreover,
students must learn study habits since these are learning strategies that are used in

the learning process.

Further, Sikhwari (2016) stated that cognitive factors such as intellectual

ability are regarded as predictors of academic success. Many researches have

examined the role of non-cognitive factors such as study skills, motivation, study

habits, and attitudes on academic achievement. The study revealed that study

habits have a positive impact on the academic achievement of learners. It is

related to the present study because it supports the notion that non-cognitive

factors, particularly study habits, are significant determinants of academic

success, reinforcing the theoretical framework of this research.

Rabia Mahwish (2017), in their study titled "A Study on Study Habits and

Academic Performance of Students," the findings revealed that there is a

significant relationship between study habits and academic performance of the

students. This study reveals that study habits help to identify a person about how

much he will be able to learn. Additionally, the finding revealed that there is a

significant relationship between study habits and the students' academic

performance. It is relevant to the current study because it gives empirical support

to the direct relationship between study habits and academic performance, which

forms the basis of the study undertaken in this research.

Arieta, Gementiza, and Saco (2017) highlighted that study habits play a

significant role in students life. The success or failure of each student depends on

their study habits. The study also says that study is an art and requires practice and

effort. The success of each student depends on the ability, intelligence, and action
of the students. It is related to the present study because it underscores the critical

role of study habits in determining student success or failure, which is central to

the objectives of this research in examining how study practices affect academic

performance.

This study's primary purpose is to assess the relationship between study

habits and Grade 11 senior high school learners' academic performance. Thus, to

provide activities that will motivate the learners to be more academically-

equipped.

Synthesis of an Art

The reviewed literature and studies consistently show that effective study

habits significantly influence students’ academic performance. Credé, Tynan, and

Harmsen (2017) highlight that reviewing, note-taking, and goal-setting improve

performance, while Fouche (2017) adds that completing homework, focusing, and

time management have a positive effect. Nonis and Hudson (2019) also

emphasize that consistent reviewing and proper time management help students

achieve better results.

Several studies further explain that well-structured study habits help

students succeed in school. Rabia, Mubarak, Tallat, and Nasir (2017) note that

effective study habits improve overall academic performance. Rabia Mahwish

(2017) shows that study habits reveal how much a student can learn, and Reyes

and Reyes (2021) confirm that organized habits lead to better outcomes for senior

high school students. Arieta, Gementiza, and Saco (2017) add that consistent
practice of study habits, combined with effort and intelligence, determines

academic success.

Moreover, research shows that academic achievement is influenced by both

cognitive and non-cognitive factors. York, Gibson, and Rankin (2016) explain that

learning behaviors and effort matter as much as intelligence. Sikhwari (2016)

emphasizes the importance of non-cognitive factors, particularly study habits, and

the Department of Education (DepEd, 2017) stresses that GAS students need

efficient study habits to succeed across subjects. Overall, the literature and studies

agree that consistent, well-structured study habits are essential for achieving better

academic outcomes.