Control Systems

Subject Code-3TBEC 405

UNIT-I
1. (a) What is control system?
(b) Distinguish between open loop and closed loop system.
2. What are the basic elements used for modelling mechanical translational and
rotational system? Write the force balance equation of basic elements. Also explain
D’Alembert’s principle.
3. (a) What is Block Diagram? What are the basic components of Block diagram?
(b) What is a signal flow graph and Write Masons Gain formula.
4. Write the differential equations governing the mechanical translational system as
shown in figure and determine the transfer function.

5. For the block diagram shown below, find the output C due to R and disturbance D.

6. Convert the block diagram shown in figure to signal flow graph and find the
transfer function using Mason’s gain formula. Verify with Block diagram approach.
[Link] the following diagram using block diagram reduction method. Also derive
the transfer function of the same using signal flow graph.

[Link] signal flow graph for a feedback system is shown in fig. Determine the closed
loop transfer function C(S)/R(S).

[Link] signal flow graph for a feedback control system is shown in figure. Determine
the closed loop transfer function C(s)/R(s).

10. Write the differential equations governing the mechanical translational system as
shown in figure. Draw the Force-Voltage and Force-Current electrical analogous
circuits and verify by mesh and node equations.
 UNIT – II
1. (a) What is transient response & steady state response?
(b). What is an order of a system? Explain with example.
2. Define the following terms: Damping ratio, Delay time, Rise time, Peak time, Peak
overshoot, Settling time.
3. Define Steady state error and static error constants?
4. (a) What are the different types of controllers?
(b). Why derivative controller is not used in control systems?
(c). What is the effect of PD, PI controller on system performance?
5. Derive the expressions and draw the response of first order system for unit step
input.
6. The unity feedback system is characterized by an open loop transfer function
G(S) = K /S.(S + 10)
Determine the gain K, so that the system will have a damping ratio of 0.5. For this
value of K, determine settling time, peak overshoot, and time to peak overshoot for a
unit step input.
7. Draw the response of second order system for all case and when input is unit
step.
8. For a unity feedback control system the open loop transfer function

Find (a) The position, velocity and acceleration error constants.

(b) The steady state error when the input is R(S) where

9. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is given by

The input function is r(t) = 2 + 3t + t2. Determine generalized error coefficient and
steady state error.
10. (a) Define stability and what is the necessary condition for stability?
(b). State Nyquist stability criterion.
11. What is Routh stability criterion? Also Define Relative stability.
12. What are root loci? Also Define following terms:
(i) dominant pole, (ii) limitedly stable system, (iii) Asymptotes and How will you
find
angle of asymptotes, (iv) Centroid, (v) Angle criterion.
13. Construct Routh array and determine the stability of the system whose
characteristics equation is
S6+2S5+8S4+12S3+20S2+16S+16 = 0.
14. By using Routh criterion determine the stability of the system represented by the
following characteristics equation S5 + S4 + 2S3 + 2S2 + 11S + 10 = 0.
15. Determine the range of K for stability of unity feedback system using Routh
stability criterion whose transfer function is

16. (i) State sampling theorem.

(ii) What are hold circuits & explain it.
(iii) What are the advantages of state space analysis?
17. Define state variable with an example.
18. What is Controllability and Observability? explain
19. What do you mean by State Transition Matrix. Write the properties of state
transition
matrix.
20. What is sampled data control system?
21. What is the need for controllability test?
22. What is the need for Observability test?
23. Consider the following system with differential equation given by

obtain the state model in diagonal canonical form.

24. For a system represented by state equation X(t) = AX(t). The response is
Determine the system matrix A and the state transition matrix.
25. Check the controllability of the following state space system

[Link] the controllability and observability of the system whose state space
representation is given as

UNIT – III
1. Sketch the root locus for the open loop transfer function of unity feedback control
system given below.

2. The open loop transfer function of unity feedback system is given by

Sketch the root locus of the system.

3. With neat steps write down the procedure for construction of root locus. Each rule
gives an example.
[Link] the root locus diagram for a system open loop transfer function and then
determine the value of K such that the damping ratio of the dominant closed loop
poles is 0.4. Open loop transfer function

UNIT – IV
1. What is frequency response and list out the different frequency domain
specifications? Define Resonant Peak (∆r) and resonant frequency (∆f).
2. What is Bandwidth? Define Gain Margin and Phase margin?
3. What is Bode plot? Also write the procedure for finding the Bode Plot. Also Define
Corner frequency.
4. What are M and N circles? Explain
5. What are Nichols charts and its advantage or uses?
6. What is a compensator? List the types of compensators?
7. Sketch the bode plot for the following transfer function and determine the phase
margin & gain margin.

8. Sketch Bode plot for the following transfer function and determine the system gain
K for the gain cross over frequency to be 5 rad/sec.

9. Given

Find K for the following two cases:

i. Gain margin equal to 6 dB,
ii. Phase margin equal to 45.
10. Plot the polar plot for the following transfer function

UNIT – V

1. With suitable block diagrams and equations, explain the following types of
controllers employed in control systems:
(a) Proportional controller, (b) Proportional-plus-integral controller, (c) PID
controller, (d)Integral controller.
2. Explain the effect of P, PI, PD and PID control on the performance of control
system?
3 Explain the effect of P, PI, PD and PID control on the performance of control
system?
4 What is PI controller?
5 What is PD controller?
6 What is the effect of PI controller on the system performance
7 What is the effect of PD controller on system performance?
8 Why derivative controller is not used in control systems