(Continue)

c. What is the volume of a second CSTR added in series to the first CSTR (Part b)
necessary to achieve an overall conversion of 80%?
(𝑋2 −𝑋1 )𝐹𝐴0
From figure >>> 𝑽𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 = = (𝟎. 𝟖 − 𝟎. 𝟓) ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝟑
−𝑟𝐴

d. What PFR volume must be added to the first CSTR (Part b) to raise the
conversion to 80%?
0.8
𝐹𝐴0 𝑑𝑋
𝑽𝑷𝑭𝑹 = න = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
0.5 −𝑟𝐴
= 𝟎. 𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟑 ∗ 𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝟑
Q2
The non-isothermal, non-elementary multiple-reaction liquid phase decomposition of reactant A, see Figure.
a. Consider the two systems shown in figure in which a CSTR and PFR are connected in series. The
intermediate conversion is 0.3 and the final conversion in 0.7. How should the reactors be arranged to
obtain the minimum total reactor volume? Explain
b. If the volumetric flow rate, υ0 is 50 L/min, what is the minimum total reactor volume?
c. Is there a better means (i.e. smallest total volume achieving 70% conversion other than any of the
configurations proposed above?
Q2
The non-isothermal, non-elementary multiple-reaction liquid phase decomposition of reactant A, see Figure.
a. Consider the two systems shown in figure in which a CSTR and PFR are connected in series. The intermediate
conversion is 0.3 and the final conversion in 0.7. How should the reactors be arranged to obtain the minimum
total reactor volume? Explain
Solution:
(continue)
b. If the volumetric flow rate, υ0 is 50 L/min, what is the minimum total reactor volume?
Based on the suggested configuration in part (a); to achieve a minimum total volume, a
plug flow reactor should be used first followed by mixed type reactor.

0.3 0.3
𝐹𝐴0 𝑑𝑋 𝜗0 𝐶𝐴0 𝑑𝑋
𝑽𝑷𝑭𝑹 = න =න = 50 ∗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
0 −𝑟𝐴 0 −𝑟𝐴

= 50 ∗ [ 0.3 ∗ 10 + 0.5 ∗ 0.3 ∗ 40 ] = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝑳

(𝑋2 − 𝑋1 )𝐹𝐴0 (𝑋2 − 𝑋1 )𝜗0 𝐶𝐴0

𝑽𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 = = = 0.7 − 0.3 ∗ 50 ∗ 15 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑳
−𝑟𝐴2 −𝑟𝐴2

The minimum total volume = 450+300 = 750 L

c. Is there a better means (i.e. smallest total volume achieving 70%
conversion other than any of the configurations proposed above?
The smallest area can be achieved by using only ONE CSTR
𝑋𝐹𝐴0 𝑋𝜗0 𝐶𝐴0
𝑽𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 = = = 0.7 ∗ 50 ∗ 15 = 𝟓𝟐𝟓 𝑳
−𝑟𝐴 −𝑟𝐴2
Q3
Consider the liquid phase reaction (A →Products) which is to take place in a X 0 0.4 0.8
PFR. The following data was obtained in a batch reactor. -rA
0.01 0.008 0.002
If the molar feed of A (FA0) to the PFR is 2 mol/s, what PFR volume is necessary (mol/dm3.s)
to achieve 80% conversion under identical conditions as those under which the
batch data was obtained?
Q3
Consider the liquid phase reaction (A →Products) which is to take place in
X 0 0.4 0.8
a PFR. The following data was obtained in a batch reactor.
-rA
If the molar feed of A (FA0) to the PFR is 2 mol/s, what PFR volume is 0.01 0.008 0.002
(mol/dm3.s)
necessary to achieve 80% conversion under identical conditions as those
under which the batch data was obtained?
Solution:
For X = 0.8, we calculate the corresponding reactor volume using Simpson’s 3 points rule with ΔX = 0.4.
𝑿 𝟎.𝟖
𝒅𝑿 𝑭𝑨𝟎 𝒅𝑿
𝑽𝑷𝑭𝑹 = 𝑭𝑨𝟎 න = න
𝟎 −𝒓𝑨 𝟎 −𝒓𝑨
𝑥2
∆𝑥
𝑽𝑷𝑭𝑹 = 𝑭𝑨𝟎 න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑭𝑨𝟎 ∗ [ 𝑓 + 4𝑓1 + 𝑓2 ]
𝑥0 3 0 X 0 0.4 0.8
-rA
0.01 0.008 0.002
(mol/dm3.s)
X0, X1, X2 is 0, 0.4, 0.8 respectively
1
−𝑟𝐴 100 125 500
f0, f1, f2 is 100, 125, 500 respectively dm3.s/mol

0.4
𝑽𝑷𝑭𝑹 = 2 ∗ 100 + 4 ∗ 125 + 500 = 𝟐𝟗𝟑. 𝟑 𝒎𝟑
3
Q4
Solution for Q4
Q5
Solution for Q5
Q6
Q6 Solution

0.3 0.3
𝐹𝐴0 𝑑𝑋 𝐶𝐴0 . 𝜗0 𝑑𝑋
𝑽𝑷𝑭𝑹 = න =න = 𝜗0 ∗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
0 −𝑟𝐴 0 −𝑟𝐴
= 2 ∗ [ 0.3 ∗ 8112.77
+ ቀ0.5 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 16225.54 − 8112.77 + 0.1 ∗ 16225.54 − 8112.77 + (0.5 ∗ 0.1
1
∗ 28,394.69 − 16225.54 ቁ] ∗ = 155.5 m3
60
X1=0.3, X2=0.5
(𝑋2 − 𝑋1 )𝐹𝐴0 𝑋2 − 𝑋1 𝐶𝐴0 . 𝜗0 1
𝑽𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 = = = 0.5 − 0.3 ∗ 60845.76 ∗ 2 ∗ = 𝟒𝟎𝟓. 𝟔𝟒 𝒎𝟑
−𝑟𝐴2 −𝑟𝐴2 60

𝑽𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 = 𝟒𝟎𝟓. 𝟔 𝒎𝟑 VPFR = 155.5 m3 Vtotal = VCSTR+VPFR = 405.6+155.5 = 561.1 m3

For X=0.6
0.6 0.6
𝐹𝐴0 𝑑𝑋 𝐶𝐴0 . 𝜗0 𝑑𝑋
𝑽𝑷𝑭𝑹 = න =න = 𝜗0 ∗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
0 −𝑟𝐴 0 −𝑟𝐴

= 2 ∗ [ 𝟎. 𝟔 ∗ 𝟖𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟕
+ ቀ𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝟒 − 𝟖𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟕 ) + 𝟎. 𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝟒 − 𝟖𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟕 + (𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟐
1
∗ 𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝟒 ቁ + 𝟎. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝟒 + (𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟖𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟕. 𝟔𝟖 − 𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 )] ∗
60
= 676.06 m3

For X=0.8
rA is not known for X>0.6 – can not do

𝑋𝐹𝐴0 𝑋𝐶𝐴0 . 𝜗0 1
𝑽𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 = = = 0.5 ∗ 2 ∗ 60845.76 ∗ = 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒. 𝟏 𝒎𝟑
−𝑟𝐴 −𝑟𝐴 60
X1=0.5, X2=0.6
(𝑋2 − 𝑋1 )𝐹𝐴0 𝑋2 − 𝑋1 𝐶𝐴0 . 𝜗0 1
𝑽𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 = = = 0.6 − 0.5 ∗ 81127.68 ∗ 2 ∗ = 𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟒 𝒎𝟑
−𝑟𝐴2 −𝑟𝐴2 60

𝑋 𝑋
𝐹𝐴0 𝑑𝑋 𝐶𝐴0 . 𝜗0 𝑑𝑋
𝑽𝑷𝑭𝑹 = න =න
0 −𝑟𝐴 0 −𝑟𝐴
Q7
The curve shown in Figure is typical of a reaction carried out
isothermally, the curve is typical of a gas–solid catalytic
exothermic reaction carried out adiabatically.
a. Assuming that you have a fluidized CSTR and a PBR containing
equal weights of catalyst, how should they be arranged for this
adiabatic reaction? Use the smallest amount of catalyst weight to
achieve 80% conversion of A.
b. What is the catalyst weight necessary to achieve 80% conversion
in a fluidized CSTR?
c. What fluidized CSTR weight is necessary to achieve 40%
conversion?
d. What PBR weight is necessary to achieve 80% conversion?
e. What PBR weight is necessary to achieve 40% conversion?
Solution
a. Assume that you have a fluidized CSTR and a PBR containing equal weights
of catalyst, how should they be arranged for this adiabatic reaction? Use the
smallest amount of catalyst weight to achieve 80% conversion of A.

b. What is the catalyst weight necessary to achieve 80% conversion in a

fluidized CSTR?

𝑋𝐹𝐴0
𝑾𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 = = 0.8 ∗ 30 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟐 𝒌𝒈𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒔𝒕
−𝑟𝐴 ′
c. What fluidized CSTR weight is necessary to achieve 40% conversion?

𝑋𝐹𝐴0
𝑾𝑪𝑺𝑻𝑹 = = 0.4 ∗ 20 = 𝟕. 𝟔 𝒌𝒈𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒔𝒕
−𝑟𝐴 ′

d. What PBR weight is necessary to achieve 80% conversion?

0.8
𝐹𝐴0 𝑑𝑋
𝑾𝑷𝑭𝑹 = න = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = 𝟐𝟐𝒌𝒈𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒔𝒕
0 −𝑟𝐴 ′

e. What PBR weight is necessary to achieve 40% conversion?

0.4
𝐹𝐴0 𝑑𝑋
𝑾𝑷𝑭𝑹 = න = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = 𝟏𝟑𝒌𝒈𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒔𝒕
0 −𝑟𝐴 ′
Q8 Q9
Q8 Q9
Q10
Q10
End Week 5