Chapter 2: DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHTS

1. __________ is considered the "father of scientific management."

a. Frank B. Gilbreth
b. Elton Mayo
c. Henry Gantt
d. Frederick W. Taylor

2. Which of the following is a bar graph that measures planned and completed work
along each stage of production by time elapsed?
a. Time and work chart
b. Gantt chart
c. Time and motion chart
d. Production and delivery chart

3. The bureaucratic organizations approach is a subfield within:

a. the classical perspective.
b. systems thinking.
c. scientific management.
d. the humanistic perspective.

4. According to Weber's ideas on bureaucracy, organizations should be based on:

a. personal loyalty.
b. personal references.
c. rational authority.
d. family ties.
5. Management theories that aims to meet human needs for greater motivations is the
____
a. focus on things of production
b. focus on the process of production
c. focus on the humanity of production
d. focus on marketing

6. Who is known as the "father of scientific management"?

a. Max Weber
b. Frederick Winslow Taylor
c. Henri Fayol
d. Abraham Maslow

7. Which of the following is NOT one of the five functions of management identified by
Henri Fayol?
a. Planning
b. Organizing
c. Commanding
d. Outsourcing

8. What was the primary focus of Max Weber's bureaucratic organizations theory?
a. Employees' feelings
b. Rational authority
c. Mathematical analysis
d. Social media communication
9. The Humanistic Perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding which of the
following?
a. Machine operation systems
b. Operating procedures
c. Human behaviors
d. Quantitative models

10. Which study found that productivity increased when employees felt a sense of
importance and received better treatment from managers?
a. The Bethlehem Steel study
b. The Hawthorne studies
c. The Theory X study
d. The Big Data study

11. Abraham Maslow is best known in management for developing which concept?
a. The Gantt Chart
b. The Hierarchy of Needs
c. Operations Research
d. The Scalar Chain

12. A manager believes that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work.
This example represents which theory?
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. Systems Theory
d. Contingency Theory
13. Who is known as the father of the quality movement?
a. Peter Drucker
b. Mary Parker Follett
c. Edward Deming
d. Chester Barnard

14. What are the four key elements of Total Quality Management?
a. Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational activities
b. Social, political, economic, and technological environmental factors
c. Employee involvement, customer focus, benchmarking, and continuous improvement
d. Inputs, transformation processes, outputs, and performance feedback

15. An organization that work based on social platform functionality is called a ___
a. physical-based organization
b. platform-based organization
c. people-driven workplace
d. learning organization

16. The principle that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together
under one manager is the essence of the classical perspective known as:
a. unity of command.
b. division of work.
c. unity of direction.
d. scalar chain.
e. adequate manpower.

17. The use of specialization to produce more and better work with the same amount of
effort is consistent with Fayol's general management principle of:
a. unity of command.
b. unity of direction.
c. scalar chain.
d. division of work.
e. adequate manpower.

18. Genex Dynamics is a ballistics company that uses the unity of command, scalar
chain, and division of work principles. These are part of which management philosophy?
a. Administrative principles approach
b. Bureaucratic organizations approach
c. Scientific management
d. Humanistic resources perspective

19. __________ refers to a chain of authority extending from top to the bottom of the
organization and including every employee.
a. Unity of command
b. Division of labor
c. Unity of direction
d. The scalar chain

20. Mary Parker Follett's approach to leadership stressed the importance of __________,
rather than techniques.
a. systems
b. top managers
c. people
d. efficiencies
21. Which of the following was a key finding in the Hawthorne studies?
a. Stronger lighting increased productivity.
b. More money resulted in increased productivity.
c. Productivity declined in all experiments.
d. Higher temperatures reduced productivity.
e. Human relations increased productivity.

22. Chester Bernard felt that __________ could help a poorly managed organization.
a. bureaucracy
b. line managers
c. efficiencies
d. informal relationships

23. The findings provided by the Hawthorne studies provided the impetus for
__________, despite flawed methodology or inaccurate conclusions.
a. the classical perspective
b. the human relations movement
c. scientific management
d. the bureaucratic organizations approach

24. If a company wants to use mathematics and statistics to aid in its decision-making,
which management perspective are they applying?
a. Classical Perspective
b. Humanistic Perspective
c. Management Science Perspective
d. Administrative Principles

25. Company A considers itself as a system, with its departments as its parts (sub-
systems). Which theory are they using?
a. Contingency theory
b. System theory
c. Theory X
d. Theory Y

26. A manager finds that a leadership style that works in a software startup does not work
in a traditional manufacturing company. This realization is consistent with which view?
a. Universalist View
b. Scientific Management View
c. Contingency View
d. Bureaucratic View

27. Thu believes humans can work as machine; they should be recalibrated for better
performance. Which theory is she based on?
a. Bureaucratic Organization.
b. Scientific Management.
c. Administrative Principle.
d. Management Science.

28. The idea that "a satisfied cow gives more milk" illustrates which perspective?
a. Scientific Management
b. Human Resources perspective
c. Bureaucratic
d. Contingency View

29. Why is the "Informal Organization" concept by Chester Barnard crucial for modern
managers to understand?
a. It helps managers fire people quickly.
b. It shows how social groups influence work.
c. It shows that rules are not needed.
d. It only focuses on the boss.

30. If a company is using "Big Data Analytics," which aspect of the modern workplace
are they primarily managing?
a. The People-Driven Workplace
b. The Technology-Driven Workplace
c. The Bureaucratic Workplace
d. The Classical Workplace

31. A manager follows Theory Y assumptions. How would they likely respond if a
project were to fall behind schedule?
a. Threaten employees with salary cuts.
b. Increase surveillance and strict control.
c. Ask the team for ideas and help them resolve it.
d. Fire the slowest worker.

32. Which subfield of the Classical Perspective is most concerned with the "total
organization" rather than individual worker productivity?
a. Scientific Management
b. Administrative Principles
c. Management Science
d. Human Relations

33. Workers in a factory are lazy and only work for money. The manager uses strict rules
and punishments. This manager follows ____
a. Systems Theory
b. Human resources perspective
c. Theory X
d. Theory Y

34. A company has rules for everything. Personnel are promoted solely based on their
technical skills, not on family ties. The promotion criteria are clearly illustrated by
documents. This represent ____
a. Human relations
b. Theory X
c. Bureaucracy
d. Contingency view

35. Zappos implemented "Holacracy," a radical system of self-management. Evaluate this

move using McGregor's theories. This system represents an extreme application of ____
a. Theory X.
b. Theory Y.
c. Scientific Management.
d. Bureaucracy.

36. Toyota workers always look for small ways to fix small problems every day
(continuous improvement). This is the perspective of ___
a. Scientific Management.
b. Total Quality Management.
c. Administrative Principles.
d. Systems Theory.

37. A team works without a boss. They use their own energy and creativity to make
decisions. This is an example ___
a. Theory X.
b. People-driven workplace.
c. Centralization management.
d. Administrative management.

38. According to Douglas McGregor, the classical perspective on management was based
on __________ assumptions about workers.
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. Theory Z
d. Theory A

39. The behavioral sciences approach is based on which of the following disciplines?
a. Anthropology
b. Economics
c. Sociology
d. Psychology
e. All of these
40. Organization development is one specific set of management techniques based in:
a. management science.
b. systems thinking.
c. the behavioral sciences approach.
d. scientific management.

41. The _______ environment includes all elements existing outside the boundary of the
organization that have the potential to affect the organization
a. external
b. internal
c. general
d. organizational

42. The political, economics, and technology are considered ____

a. internal factors
b. general factors
c. external factors
d. nonsense factors

43. The task environment consists of ______

a. Customers, suppliers, competitors, and the labor market
b. Society, culture, and climate
c. Customers, suppliers, competitors, and economics
d. internal departments
44. The general economic health of the country or region in which the organization
operates belongs to the ____
a. sociocultural dimension
b. economic dimension
c. technological dimension
d. international dimension

45. Demographic characteristics, norms, customs, and values of the general population
are part of which dimension?
a. Economic dimension
b. Legal-political dimension
c. Socio-cultural dimension
d. Natural dimension

46. _____ represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the
organization
a. Competitors
b. Suppliers
c. The labor market
d. Customers

47. The ______ dimension of the general environment includes local government
regulations
a. legal-political dimension
b. economic dimension
c. international dimension
d. sociocultural dimension
48. The people and organizations in the environment that acquire goods or services from
the organization are _____
a. competitors
b. suppliers
c. customers
d. employees

49. When a Vietnamese coffee exporter adjusts to changes in EU trade rules, it faces the
_____
a. economic dimension
b. sociocultural dimension
c. legal-political dimension
d. international dimension

50. Which of the following best describes the general environment?

a. It is hard to be influenced by a company
b. It includes customers, suppliers, and technologies
c. It involves internal culture
d. It determines salaries