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Chapter 13 Reading Guide

Chapter 13 discusses the molecular basis of inheritance, emphasizing that DNA is the genetic material passed from parent to offspring and its structure as a double helix of nucleotide polymers. It covers DNA replication, including the semiconservative model, proofreading mechanisms, and the importance of telomeres and telomerase. Additionally, it compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes and addresses genetic information transmission and gene expression influenced by DNA packaging.

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2 views5 pages

Chapter 13 Reading Guide

Chapter 13 discusses the molecular basis of inheritance, emphasizing that DNA is the genetic material passed from parent to offspring and its structure as a double helix of nucleotide polymers. It covers DNA replication, including the semiconservative model, proofreading mechanisms, and the importance of telomeres and telomerase. Additionally, it compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes and addresses genetic information transmission and gene expression influenced by DNA packaging.

Uploaded by

jmj9pjqd5k
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 13: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

13.1 DNA is the genetic material

1. The work of many scientists has contributed to our current understanding of DNA. Two main ideas are essential.
Fill in the outline regarding our understanding / discovery of DNA.
1) DNA is the transformative genetic material that is passed from parent to offspring
a. What is transformation?

b. Give examples of transformation

2) The molecular structure of DNA is a double helix of nucleotide polymers arranged in complementary
base pairs.
a. What is Chargaff’s base pair rule?

b. Complete the table below according to the base pair rule

% Adenine % Guanine % Cytosine % Thymine

2. Label the diagram of DNA below.

3. What is mean by the term antiparallel? How is the 3’ end of a strand different from the 5’ end of a DNA strand?
4. Complete the chart regarding the DNA nitrogen bases.

Type of base # Organic Rings # H-bonds formed Pairs with


Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

13.2 Many proteins work together in DNA replication and repair

5. Summarize the basic concept of DNA replication depicted in Figure 13.11 on page 259 of your textbook.

6. DNA replication follows a semiconservative model. What does this mean?

7. The accuracy of DNA replication is attributed to the specificity of base pairing AND proofreading and repair
mechanisms. Describe the following proofreading mechanisms.
DNA polymerase proofreading-

Mismatch repair-

Nucleotide excision repair-

8. What is a telomere and why are they important in DNA replication? What is the role of telomerase?
9. DNA Replication: A Closer Look. Read the detailed description of crossing over and fill in details on the outline
below.
1) Getting Started
a. DNA replication begins at the origin of replication
i. Helicase-

1. Single-stranded binding proteins-

2. Topoisomerase-

2) Synthesizing a new strand


a. In order to initiate a new strand
i. Primase-

ii. RNA primer-

b. DNA nucleotides are added to the 3’ end of the growing daughter strand
i. DNA Polymerase III-

1. Leading strand replication-

2. Lagging strand replication-

a. Okazaki fragments-

b. DNA Ligase-

ii. DNA Polymerase I-


13.3 A chromosome consists of a DNA molecule packed together with proteins

10. Compare and contrast bacterial (prokaryotic) and eukaryotic chromosomes and genomes.

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

11. Describe what is happening in the diagram below as genetic material changes from chromatin to a chromosome.
Additional Information

12. Explain how genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.

13. How does DNA packaging affect gene expression?

14. What is a plasmid? (pg. 270)

15. What are sources of genetic variation in prokaryotes since they don’t reproduce sexually?

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