BIC 21102-

PROFESSIONAL Lecturer:
Mr. Zubaile
ETHICS AND Abdullah
0197545727
WORKING SAFETY
INTRODUCTION TO THE
SUBJECT
RPP-04
Reference:
1. Quinn, M.J. [Link] for the
information age. 2nd ed., Boston:
Pearson Education, Inc.
2. George Reynolds, Ethics in
Information Technology, Thomson
Course Technology, Second Edition,
2006
BIC 21102 Introduction to
Ethics in

CHAPTER 1 Computing
ASSESSMENT
Quiz 5%

Test 15 %
Assignment 10 %

Project 30 %

Final Examination 40 %
CONTENT
1. Pengenalan kepada etika professional dalam
pengkomputeran
- etika, computer dan kerahsiaan: Pangkalan
data, rangkaian elektronik, undang-undang dan
peraturan kerahsiaan
- kesan teknologi maklumat terhadap masyarakat
dan sosial
- isu-isu mengenai impak computer dan
kawalannya
- isu capaian maklumat
INTRODUCTION
Milestone in Computing, Networking & Information
storage and retrieval
Impact of Information technology on society and social
Impact of information technology (IT) and the issues
related
Ethics, Computer and privacy
INFORMATION AGE
Characterized by unprecedented access to
information
Catalysts
 Low-cost computers
 High-speed communication networks
Examples of advances in past two decades
 Cell phones
 Email
 World Wide Web
 Cloud
 IOT

1-7
TECHNOLOGY AND
VALUES
Dynamic between people, technology
 People adopt technology
 Technology changes society
Different ways people are affected by
technology
 Physical changes (e.g., laptops)
 Psychological changes (e.g., cell phones)
Technologies can solve problems, create
new problems
 Automobile
 Refrigerator
 Low-cost international communication
1-8
CONTROL OVER NEW
TECHNOLOGIES
People can control whether to adopt
new technology
 Nuclear power moratorium in United States
 Nuclear power advances in rest of world

People can influence rate at which

1-9
MILESTONE IN
COMPUTING

PUNCH CARD
TABULATOR
MILESTONE IN
COMPUTING-CONTINUE

ENIAC

UNIVAC
MILESTONE IN
COMPUTING-CONTINUE
AIDS TO MANUAL COMPUTING
MILESTONE IN
COMPUTING-CONTINUE
MILESTONES IN
NETWORKING
MILESTONES IN
NETWORKING-CONTINUE
MILESTONES IN
NETWORKING-CONTINUE
MILESTONE IN
INFORMATION STORAGE
AND RETRIEVAL
SUMMARIZATION OF
MILESTONE IN IT (IT
TIMELINE)
Technology Timeline [Link]
v=AJxNjkp_Zkg

So what is the
impact of IT?
IMPACT OF IT
Change of lifestyle
-Change in how we communicate with others (letter/
face to face ->email, internet, FB, twitter)
-Change in how we do business (e-business, e-
shopping)
-Change in how we study
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
Information Technology: refers to
devices used in the creation, storage,
manipulation, exchange, and
dissemination of data, including text,
sound and images.
Cost of IT devices decrease, while
capabilities continue to increase
Use of IT increase->issues because
growth of IT
EXAMPLE
Email-Spam: unsolicited, bulk, commercial
email
Internet: easier to share information but
some information that we share might be
not legal in other country-> should we
stop from posting material?
Unauthorized copies of song, movies and
computer program through internet
ETHICS, COMPUTER AND
PRIVACY
Database
Networking
Privacy Rules and Law
Online Privacy
 PRIVACY PROTECTION AND THE
LAW
The use of IT in business requires balancing the needs
of those who use the information against the rights
and desires of the people whose information may be
used
On one hand, information about people is gathered,
stored, analyzed and reported because organizations
can use it to make better decisions. Organizations
need basic information about customers to serve them
better.
On the other hand, many object to the data collection
policies of government and businesses.
According to U.S. Census data, privacy is a key concern
of Internet users and a top reason why nonusers still
avoid the Internet.
PRIVACY PROTECTION AND THE
LAW
Historical perspective on the right to privacy:
 U.S. Constitution took effect in 1789
 Although, the Constitution does not contain the word
privacy, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the
concept of privacy is protected by a number of
amendments in the Bill of Rights.
 Supreme Court has stated that the American Citizens
are protected by the Fourth Amendment when there
is a “reasonable expectation of privacy”.
To today, in addition to protection from
government intrusion, people need privacy
protection from private industry. Few laws
provide such protection.
 RECENT HISTORY OF PRIVACY
PROTECTION
Communications Act of 1934 restricted the government’s ability
to secretly intercept communications. However, under a 1968
federal statute, law enforcement officers can use wiretapping – the
interception of telephone or telegraph communications for purpose
of espionage or surveillance – if the first obtain a court order.
FOIA – The Freedom of Information Act passed in 1966 and
amended in 1974, provides public with the means to gain access to
certain government records.
Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1970 regulates the operations of
credit-reporting bureaus, including how they collect, store and use
credit information.
Privacy Act of 1974 provides certain safeguards for people
against invasion of personal privacy by federal agencies. The
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and law enforcement agencies
are excluded from this act; nor does it cover the actions of private
industry.
 RECENT HISTORY OF PRIVACY
PROTECTION
COPA – Children’s Online Protection Act was passed by
Congress in October 1998.
According to the COPA law, a Web site that caters to
children must offer comprehensive privacy policies, notify
their parents or guardians about its data collection
practices, and receive parent consent before collecting
any personal information from children under 13 years of
age.
In 2004, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) accused
Bonzi Software Inc. and UMG Recordings Inc. of collecting
personal information from children online without their
parent’s consent, and settled with them for penalties of
$75,000 and $400, 000
[Link]
[Link]
 RECENT HISTORY OF
PRIVACY PROTECTION
European Community Directive 95/46/EC of 1998 requires
any company that does business within the borders of 15
Western European nations to implement a set of privacy
directives on fair and appropriate use of information.
BBB Online and TRUSTe are independent, nonprofit
initiatives that favor an industry - regulated approach to
data privacy.
[Link]
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (1999) – one example of the law
that controls opt-out information gathering. The Financial
Privacy Rule requires financial institutions to provide each
consumer with a privacy notice at the time the consumer
relationship is established and annually thereafter.
[Link]
SOME ISSUES IN IT
ETHICS – INTRO
 SOME ISSUES IN IT
ETHICS – INTRO (CONT)
Identity Theft
- occurs when someone illegally uses
your personal information such as name,
address or financial information for their
own interests
- once cyber thieves access to our
information, they can use it
- eg: open credit card account using
victim name
 SOME ISSUES IN IT
ETHICS – INTRO (CONT)
 CRACKING OF LARGE
DATABASES TO GAIN
PERSONAL IDENTITY
INFORMATION
Partial list of incidents from 2005:
February 2005, Check Point, keeper of more than 19 million
public records, revealed that hackers stole data on more than
147, 000 consumers
March 2005, Reed Elsevier, the parent company of LexisNexis,
announced that hackers had compromised its massive
database, stealing information on more than 300, 000 people
[Link]
data-broker-reports-a-breach
March 2005, Retail Ventures Inc. reported the theft of credit
card data and other personal information of 1.4 million
customers from its DSW Store Warehouse stores.
 CRACKING OF LARGE
DATABASES TO GAIN
PERSONAL IDENTITY
INFORMATION
March 2005, Bank of America disclosed that it lost credit
card account records of 1.2 million federal employees
June 2005, Visa USA and American Express announced
that they were terminating their contract with CardSystem
Solutions after a hacker accesses as many as 40 million
credit card numbers
The number of incidents is alarming.
The lack of the initiative by some companies in informing
people whose data was stolen.
[Link]
y/0,10801,101058,[Link]
 SOME ISSUES IN IT
ETHICS – INTRO (CONT)
Phishing
- Spoofed e-mails lead consumers to
the fake Web sites
- an attempt to steal personal identity
data by tricking users entering the
information on a counterfeit Web site;
this data includes credit card numbers,
account usernames, passwords, SSN.
PHISHING EXAMPLES
 SOME ISSUES IN IT
ETHICS – INTRO (CONT)
Spyware
- a term for keystroke-logging software that is
downloaded to user’s computer without
adequate notice, consent, or control for the
users.
[Link]
- creates a record of the keystrokes entered on
the computer, enabling the capture of account
usernames, passwords, credit card numbers,
and other sensitive information.
 SOME ISSUES IN IT
ETHICS – INTRO (CONT)
Spamming
- is the transmission of the same e-mail message to a large
number of people.
- The Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and
Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act went into effect in January 2004.
- Act says that it is legal to spam, provided the message
meets a few basic requirements
- Not only has the CAN-SPAM Act failed to slow the flow of junk
e-mail, but some believe that it actually has increased the flow
of spam, because it legalizes sending of unsolicited e-mail
- [Link]
articleID=21401320
 SOME ISSUES IN IT
ETHICS – INTRO (CONT)
Copyright Infringement Plagiarism & Pirated Software
- the use of works protected by copyright law without
permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted
to the copyright holder, such as the right to
reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected
work, or to make derivative works.
Eg:
 SOME ISSUES IN IT
ETHICS – INTRO (CONT)
Pirated Software
- duplicated software which is distributed without
authorization
- happens when someone makes illegal copies of an
original program and sells it
What is your responsibility
and ethics toward IT
specifically on e-access?