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PROJECT
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
AT ABU DHABI

Structural Calculation
of Curtain Wall

Revision:1
Date: 06.04.2020

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COMMENT RESOLUTION SHEET
Page
Comment No. No. Comment Contractor Response Outcome
Rev.00

1. Please refer the

1 General comments raised on the Noted.
attached calculations.

2. The utilization ratio in

both deflection and
2 General Noted and Complied
stress cases shall not be
allowed more than 0.90.

3. Required detailed
shop drawing according
3 General Complied
to calculations to
complete the review.

4. An independent 3rd
party consultant review
and approval is required
4 General on shop drawings and Complied
calculation to complete
our final review and
approval.

Utilization factor to be
5 46 Complied
less than 0.9

Utilization factor to be
6 47 Complied
less than 0.9

Utilization factor to be
7 58 Complied
less than 0.9

Utilization factor to be
8 59 Complied
less than 0.9

2
 Utilization factor to be
9 67 Complied
less than 0.9

Utilization not acceptable

10 75 Complied
more than 0.90

Steel Grade S355 was used

11 76 ????
with 355 Mpa yield strength

Steel Grade S355 was used

12 106 (Cloud )
with 355 Mpa yield strength

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1.0 : Design Criteria 5

Chapter 2.0 : Wind Load 7

Chapter 3.0 : Glass 15

Chapter 4.0 : Frames 24

Chapter 5.0 : Connections and Anchorage 71

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CHAPTER 1.0
DESIGN CRITERIA

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1.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

1.1 Code and Standards

General
1. ASCE 7 -05 : Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
2. ADM 2005 : The Aluminium Association "Aluminum Design Manual"
3. AISC : Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
4. Project Specifications

1.2 Material Specifications

Structural Steel 275

Fy ≔ 275 MPa ;compression and tension yield strength
Fu ≔ 400 MPa ;tensile ultimate strength
Es ≔ 200 GPa ;modulus of elasticity
-6 -1
α ≔ 13 10 K ;coefficient of thermal expansion
-1
ρ ≔ 7800 kg ⋅ ⎛⎝m ⎞⎠
3
;density

Aluminum- Alloy 6063 - T6

Fy ≔ 170 MPa ;compression and tension yield strength
Fu ≔ 205 MPa ;tensile ultimate strength
Fsu ≔ 130 MPa ;shear ultimate strength
Es ≔ 69 GPa ;modulus of elasticity
-6 -1
α ≔ 23 10 K ;coefficient of thermal expansion
-1
ρ ≔ 2700 kg ⋅ ⎛⎝m ⎞⎠
3
;density

Fasteners
AAMA TIR-A9-1991 Metal Curtain Wall Fasteners

1.3 Serviceability Requirement

Glass Deflection: 1/60 of smallest width or 25mm, whichever is lesser.

Frame Deflection: 1/175of the span

1.4 Program Used for Structural Analysis

MathCad Prime
Strand7
sTAAD
Autocad 2018

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CHAPTER 2.0
WIND LOAD ANALYSIS

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2.0 WIND LOAD ANALYSIS

2.1 Introduction

The roof system shall be designed to resist both wind pressure and suction in accordance to
ASCE 7 - 05 (Minimum Design Loads for Building and Structures).

2.2 Design Procedure

1. The basic wind speed V and wind directionality factor Kd shall be determined in accordance
with Section 6.5.4.
2. An importance factor I shall be determined in accordance with Section 6.5.5.

3. An exposure category or exposure categories and velocity pressure exposure coefficient Kz or

Kh , as applicable, shall be determined for each wind direction in accordance with Section 6.5.6.

4. A topographic factor Kzt shall be determined in accordance with Section 6.5.7.

5. A gust effect factor G or G f, as applicable, shall be determined in accordance with Section 6.5.8.

6. An enclosure classification shall be determined in accordance with Section 6.5.9.

7. Internal pressure coefficient GCpi shall be determined in accordance with Section [Link].

8. External pressure coefficients Cp or GCp f , or force coefficients Cf , as applicable, shall be

determined in accordance with Section [Link] or [Link], respectively.

9. Velocity pressure qz or qh, as applicable, shall be determined in accordance with Section 6.5.10.

10. Design wind load p or F shall be determined in accordance with Sections 6.5.12, 6.5.13, 6.5.14,
and 6.5.15, as applicable.

2.3 Basic Wind Speed

The basic design wind speed used for design in abu dhabi i is 45 m /s.

m
V ≔ 45 ―
s
2.4 Wind Directionality Factor

The wind directionality factor, Kd , shall be determined from Table 6-4. This factor shall
only be applied when used in conjunction with load combinations specified in Sections 2.3 and 2.4.

Kd ≔ 0.85

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2.5 Importance Factor

An importance factor, I, for the building or other structure shall be determined from Table 6-1 based
on building and structure categories listed in Table 1-1.

I ≔ 1.0

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2.6 Surface Roughness Categories

Surface Roughness B: Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas, or other terrain with
numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or larger.

Surface Roughness C: Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally
less than 30 ft (9.1 m). This category includes flat open country, grasslands, and all water
surfaces in hurricane prone regions.

Surface Roughness D: Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces outside hurricane
prone regions. This category includes smooth mud flats, salt flats, and unbroken ice.

Surface Roughness = C

2.7 Exposure Categories

Exposure B: Exposure B shall apply where the ground surface roughness condition, as
defined by Surface Roughness B, prevails in the upwind direction for a distance of at
least 2,600 ft (792 m) or 20 times the height of the building, whichever is greater.

Exposure C: Exposure C shall apply for all cases where Exposures B or D do not apply.

Exposure D: Exposure D shall apply where the ground surface roughness, as defined by
Surface Roughness D, prevails in the upwind direction for a distance greater than 5,000 ft
(1,524 m) or 20 times the building height, whichever is greater. Exposure D shall extend
into downwind areas of Surface Roughness B or C for a distance of 600 ft (200 m) or 20
times the height of the building, whichever is greater.

Exposure Category = C

2.8 Velocity Pressure Coefficent

An exposure category or exposure categories and velocity pressure exposure coefficient Kz

or Kh , as applicable, shall be determined for each wind direction in accordance with
Section 6.5.6.

H ≔ 40 m ; structure height

Kz ≔ 1.36

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H ≔ 40 m

2.9 Topographic Factor

The wind speed-up effect shall be included in the calculation of design wind loads by using the
factor Kzt

Kzt ≔ 1.0

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2.10 Velocity Pressure

Velocity pressure, qz, evaluated at height z shall be calculated by the following

equation:

qz = 0.613KzKzt KdV2 I (N/m2); V in m/s

⎛ ⎛ V ⎞2 ⎞
qz ≔ ⎜0.613 ⋅ Kz ⋅ Kzt ⋅ Kd ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ I⎟ Pa = 1.43 kPa
⎜ ⎜― m⎟ ⎟
⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ s ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠

2.11 Internal Pressure Coefficient

Gcpi_pos ≔ 0.18

Gcpi_neg ≔ -0.18

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2.12 External Pressure Coefficient

For a conservative analysis, the maximum external pressure coefficient shall be

considered for the whole structure to simplify the analysis.

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Zone 4

Gcpnegzone4 ≔ -0.9 ; negative external coefficient for zone 4

Gcp_poszoe4 ≔ 0.8 ; positive external coefficient for zone 4

Zone 5

Gcpnegzone5 ≔ -1.8 ; negative external coefficient for zone 5

Gcp_poszoe5 ≔ 0.9 ; positive external coefficient for zone 5

2.13 Wind Pressure

Maximum Negative and Positive Wind Pressure on Zones 4 and 5.

Zone 4

pnegzone4 ≔ min ⎛⎝qz ⋅ ⎛⎝Gcpnegzone4 - Gcpi_pos⎞⎠ , qz ⋅ ⎛⎝Gcpnegzone4 - Gcpi_neg⎞⎠⎞⎠ = -1.55 kPa

pposzone4 ≔ max ⎛⎝qz ⋅ ⎛⎝Gcp_poszoe4 - Gcpi_pos⎞⎠ , qz ⋅ ⎛⎝Gcp_poszoe4 - Gcpi_neg⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 1.41 kPa

Zone 5

pnegzone5 ≔ min ⎛⎝qz ⋅ ⎛⎝Gcpnegzone5 - Gcpi_pos⎞⎠ , qz ⋅ ⎛⎝Gcpnegzone5 - Gcpi_neg⎞⎠⎞⎠ = -2.84 kPa

pposzone5 ≔ max ⎛⎝qz ⋅ ⎛⎝Gcp_poszoe5 - Gcpi_pos⎞⎠ , qz ⋅ ⎛⎝Gcp_poszoe5 - Gcpi_neg⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 1.55 kPa

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CHAPTER 3.0
GLASS DESIGN

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3.1 Glass Design Type 1

Introduction

The glass in the analysis is a rectangular shape of 1.30m width by 1.2m height which is the
most critical case of all glass cases. The selection was based to the longest bending
dimension .

Software Used

The glass structural analysis has been calculated using a non linear finite element analysis software
Strand7.
Glass Composition

i ness o o te ite 6
i s a e 16
i ness o inne ite 6

6mm HS External // 1 Airspace // 6mm HS Internal

Design Loadings

Dead Load
The glass selfweight is calculated by Strand7.

Wind Load
The wind load is taken as +1.55 kPa / - 2.84 kPa as referred to ASCE7-05 with 45m/sec basic wind
speed.

Load share factors shall be based on ASTM E 1300 Table 5.

LSFexternal ≔ 0.50 LSFinternal ≔ 0.50

Vertical Glazing Dead Load Wind Load Suction Wind Load Pressure

External Selfweight 1.42 kPa 0.78 kPa

Internal Selfweight 1.42 kPa 0.78 kPa

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Load Combinations as per ASCE 7-05

Critical Load Combinations

LC ≔ DL + WLs

Numerical and Graphical Representation of Software Model

Inputs of Glass Properties

Glass Panel Finite Element Mesh

1300mm

1200mm

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Loads Applied to Glass Panel

Wind Load: 1.42 kPa

Maximum Stress Check for Critical Load Combinations

The result from Strand7 shows that the below load cases gives the maximum stress carried by
the glass.

LC ≔ DL + WLs

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Psurface ≔ 15.26 MPa ; maximum surface stress

Pedge ≔ 15.26 MPa ; maximum edge stress
Psallow ≔ 46.6 MPa ; allowable surface stress for HS
Peallow ≔ 36.5 MPa ; allowable edge stress for HS

Psurface Pedge
――― = 0.33 < 1.0 therefore, ――― = 0.42 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Psallow ADEQUATE Peallow

Maximum Deflection Check for Critical Load Combinations

The result from Strand7 shows that the below load cases gives the maximum deflection of the
glass.

LC ≔ DL + WLs

δmax ≔ 6.28 mm ; maximum deflection

1.2 m
δallow ≔ ―― = 20 mm ; allowable deflection
60

δmax
――= 0.31 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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3.2 Glass Design Type 2

Introduction

The glass in the analysis is a rectangular shape of 1.05m width by 2.3m height which is the
most critical case of all glass cases. The selection was based to the longest bending
dimension .

Software Used

The glass structural analysis has been calculated using a non linear finite element analysis software
Strand7.
Glass Composition

Thickness of outer lite = 6

HS Airspace = 16
Thickness of inner lite = 6

6mm HS External // 1 Airspace // 6mm HS Internal

Design Loadings

Dead Load
The glass selfweight is calculated by Strand7.

Wind Load
The wind load is taken as +1.55 kPa / - 2.84 kPa as referred to ASCE7-05 with 45m/sec basic wind
speed.

Load share factors shall be based on ASTM E 1300 Table 5.

LSFexternal ≔ 0.50 LSFinternal ≔ 0.50

Vertical Glazing Dead Load Wind Load Suction Wind Load Pressure

External Selfweight 1.42 kPa 0.78 kPa

Internal Selfweight 1.42 kPa 0.78 kPa

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Load Combinations as per ASCE 7-05

Critical Load Combinations

LC ≔ DL + WLs

Numerical and Graphical Representation of Software Model

Inputs of Glass Properties

Glass Panel Finite Element Mesh

1050mm

2300mm

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Loads Applied to Glass Panel

Wind Load: 1.42 kPa

Maximum Stress Check for Critical Load Combinations

The result from Strand7 shows that the below load cases gives the maximum stress carried by
the glass.

LC ≔ DL + WLs

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Psurface ≔ 13.18 MPa ; maximum surface stress

Pedge ≔ 13.18 MPa ; maximum edge stress
Psallow ≔ 46.6 MPa ; allowable surface stress for HS
Peallow ≔ 36.5 MPa ; allowable edge stress for HS

Psurface Pedge
――― = 0.28 < 1.0 therefore, ――― = 0.36 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Psallow ADEQUATE Peallow

Maximum Deflection Check for Critical Load Combinations

The result from Strand7 shows that the below load cases gives the maximum deflection of the
glass.

LC ≔ DL + WLs

δmax ≔ 5.33 mm ; maximum deflection

1.05 m
δallow ≔ ――― = 17.5 mm ; allowable deflection
60

δmax
――= 0.3 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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CHAPTER 4.0
FRAME DESIGN

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4.1 Frame Typical Panel 3m Height

Wind Load

WLzone5 ≔ 2.84 kPa ;zone 5 wind load

WLzone4 ≔ 1.55 kPa ;zone 5 wind load

Dead Load
-1
ρ ≔ 2600 kgf ⋅ ⎛⎝m ⎞⎠
3
;density of glazing

t ≔ 12 mm ;thickness of glazing

Wpc ≔ 1.1 ⋅ ρ ⋅ t = 0.34 kPa ;dead load pressure of glazing

Software Presentation

Zone 4 Zone 5

50x106mm Profile

Mullion wiith 80x8mm Steel Plate

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Loads

Zone 4

0.34 kPa Dead Load 1.55 kPa Wind Pressure

Zone 5

0.34 kPa Dead Load 2.84 kPa Wind Pressure

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Bending Moments

Zone 4

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Zone 5

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Check Zone 4

Maximum Bending

Mmax ≔ 1.79 kN ⋅ m

Properties of Mullion

Ixa; ≔ 1398965 mm
4
;mullion inertia

cy ≔ 61 mm ;extreme fiber distance

Ixa;
Sx ≔ ―― = 22933.85 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax
fb ≔ ――= 78.05 MPa ;stress shared by aluminum profile
Sx

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Sec. 3.4.14: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, extreme fiber, gross section, tubular shapes

Lb ≔ 3000 mm ; unsupported length

Ix ≔ 1398965 mm
4
; moment of inertia about x axis

cy ≔ 61 mm ; distance to extreme fiber

Ix
Sc ≔ ―= 22933.85 mm
3
; section modulus of beam,compression side
cy
Iy ≔ 340499 mm
4
; moment of inertia about y axis

a ≔ 50 mm b ≔ 106 mm t1 ≔ 2.5 mm t2 ≔ 2.3 mm

2 ⋅ t2 ⋅ t1 ⋅ ⎛⎝a - t2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝b - t1⎞⎠

2 2
Lb ⋅ Sc
J ≔ ―――――――― = 760720.2 mm ―――― = 270.37
4

a ⋅ t2 + b ⋅ t1 - t2 - t1 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J
2 2

⎛ Lb ⋅ Sc ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Fb14 ≔ ⎜16.7 - 0.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ ksi = 99.3 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.14
⎜⎝ 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J ⎟⎠

Sec. 3.4.16: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, flat elements supported on both edges

b ≔ 50 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.3 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 21.74 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb16 ≔ 15 ksi = 103.4 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.16

Sec. 3.4.18: Element bending in own plane, gross section, flat elements supported on both edge

b ≔ 106 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.5 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 42.4 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb18 ≔ 20 ksi = 137.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.18

Fb ≔ min ⎛⎝Fb14 , Fb16 , Fb18⎞⎠ = 99.3 MPa ; allowable stress of aluminum profile

fb
―= 0.79 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Check Zone 5

Maximum Bending

Mmax ≔ 2.8 kN ⋅ m

Properties of Stiffener + Mullion

n ≔ 2.93 ;modular ratio

Ixa; ≔ 1398965 mm
4
;mullion inertia

Ixs ≔ 341333 mm
4
;stiffener inertia

Ixtotal ≔ Ixa; + ⎛⎝n ⋅ Ixs⎞⎠ = 2399070.69 mm

4
;combined inertia
;extreme fiber distance
cy ≔ 61 mm

Ixa;
Sx ≔ ―― = 22933.85 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ Ixa; ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 71.19 MPa ;stress shared by aluminum profile
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

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Sec. 3.4.14: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, extreme fiber, gross section, tubular shapes

Lb ≔ 3000 mm ; unsupported length

Ix ≔ 1398965 mm
4
; moment of inertia about x axis

cy ≔ 61 mm ; distance to extreme fiber

Ix
Sc ≔ ―= 22933.85 mm
3
; section modulus of beam,compression side
cy
Iy ≔ 340499 mm
4
; moment of inertia about y axis

a ≔ 50 mm b ≔ 106 mm t1 ≔ 2.5 mm t2 ≔ 2.3 mm

2 ⋅ t2 ⋅ t1 ⋅ ⎛⎝a - t2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝b - t1⎞⎠

2 2
Lb ⋅ Sc
J ≔ ―――――――― = 760720.2 mm ―――― = 270.37
4

a ⋅ t2 + b ⋅ t1 - t2 - t1 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J
2 2

⎛ Lb ⋅ Sc ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Fb14 ≔ ⎜16.7 - 0.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ ksi = 99.3 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.14
⎜⎝ 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J ⎟⎠

Sec. 3.4.16: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, flat elements supported on both edges

b ≔ 50 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.3 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 21.74 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb16 ≔ 15 ksi = 103.4 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.16

Sec. 3.4.18: Element bending in own plane, gross section, flat elements supported on both edge

b ≔ 106 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.5 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 42.4 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb18 ≔ 20 ksi = 137.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.18

Fb ≔ min ⎛⎝Fb14 , Fb16 , Fb18⎞⎠ = 99.3 MPa ; allowable stress of aluminum profile

fb
―= 0.72 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Check 80x mm thk steel stiffener S355

cy ≔ 40 mm ;extreme fiber distance

Ixs
Sx ≔ ―= 8533.33 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ n ⋅ Ixs ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 136.79 MPa ;stress shared by steel stiffener
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

Fb ≔ 355 MPa ;yield strength

1.67 fb
――― = 0.64 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Check Max Deflection

Zone 4

δmaxw ≔ 14.81 mm ;maximum deflection

3000 mm
δallow ≔ ―――― = 17.14 mm ;allowable deflection
175

δmaxw
――= 0.86 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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Zone 5

δmaxw ≔ 14.51 mm ;maximum deflection

3000 mm
δallow ≔ ―――― = 17.14 mm ;allowable deflection
175

δmaxw
――= 0.85 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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4.2 Frame Typical Panel 3.625m Height

Wind Load

WLzone5 ≔ 2.84 kPa ;zone 5 wind load

WLzone4 ≔ 1.55 kPa ;zone 4 wind load

Dead Load
-1
ρ ≔ 2600 kgf ⋅ ⎛⎝m ⎞⎠
3
;density of glazing

t ≔ 12 mm ;thickness of glazing

Wpc ≔ 1.1 ⋅ ρ ⋅ t = 0.34 kPa ;dead load pressure of glazing

Software Presentation

Zone 4 Zone 5

50x106mm Profile

Mullion wiith 80x5mm Steel Plate Mullion wiith 90x10mm Steel Plate 2 Nos

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Loads

Zone 4

0.34 kPa Dead Load 1.55 kPa Wind Pressure

Zone 5

0.34 kPa Dead Load 2.84 kPa Wind Pressure

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Bending Moments

Zone 4

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Zone 5

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Check Zone 4

Maximum Bending

Mmax ≔ 1.85 kN ⋅ m

Properties of Stiffener + Mullion

n ≔ 2.93 ;modular ratio

Ixa; ≔ 1398965 mm
4
;mullion inertia

Ixs ≔ 213333 mm
4
;stiffener inertia

Ixtotal ≔ Ixa; + ⎛⎝n ⋅ Ixs⎞⎠ = 2024030.69 mm

4
;combined inertia
;extreme fiber distance
cy ≔ 61 mm

Ixa;
Sx ≔ ―― = 22933.85 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ Ixa; ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 55.76 MPa ;stress shared by aluminum profile
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

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Rev. 1

40
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Sec. 3.4.14: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, extreme fiber, gross section, tubular shapes

Lb ≔ 3625 mm ; unsupported length

Ix ≔ 1398965 mm
4
; moment of inertia about x axis

cy ≔ 61 mm ; distance to extreme fiber

Ix
Sc ≔ ―= 22933.85 mm
3
; section modulus of beam,compression side
cy
Iy ≔ 340499 mm
4
; moment of inertia about y axis

a ≔ 50 mm b ≔ 106 mm t1 ≔ 2.5 mm t2 ≔ 2.3 mm

2 ⋅ t2 ⋅ t1 ⋅ ⎛⎝a - t2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝b - t1⎞⎠

2 2
Lb ⋅ Sc
J ≔ ―――――――― = 760720.2 mm ―――― = 326.7
4

a ⋅ t2 + b ⋅ t1 - t2 - t1 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J
2 2

⎛ Lb ⋅ Sc ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎜
Fb14 ≔ 16.7 - 0.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ ksi = 97.7 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.14
⎜⎝ 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J ⎟⎠

Sec. 3.4.16: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, flat elements supported on both edges

b ≔ 50 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.3 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 21.74 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb16 ≔ 15 ksi = 103.4 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.16

Sec. 3.4.18: Element bending in own plane, gross section, flat elements supported on both edge

b ≔ 106 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.5 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 42.4 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb18 ≔ 20 ksi = 137.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.18

Fb ≔ min ⎛⎝Fb14 , Fb16 , Fb18⎞⎠ = 97.7 MPa ; allowable stress of aluminum profile

fb
―= 0.57 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Rev. 1

41
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check 80x5mm thk steel stiffener S355

cy ≔ 40 mm ;extreme fiber distance

Ixs
Sx ≔ ―= 5333.33 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ n ⋅ Ixs ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 107.12 MPa ;stress shared by steel stiffener
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

Fb ≔ 355 MPa ;yield strength

1.67 fb
――― = 0.5 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Rev. 1

42
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Zone 5

Maximum Bending

Mmax ≔ 3.52 kN ⋅ m

Properties of Stiffener (90x10mm Steel Stiffener)

Consider Double Stiffener

n ≔ 2.93 ;modular ratio

Ixa; ≔ 1398965 mm
4
;mullion inertia

Ixs ≔ 607500 mm
4
;stiffener inertia

Ixtotal ≔ Ixa; + ⎛⎝2 n ⋅ Ixs⎞⎠ = 4958915 mm

4
;combined inertia
;extreme fiber distance
cy ≔ 61 mm

Ixa;
Sx ≔ ―― = 22933.85 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ Ixa; ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 43.3 MPa ;stress shared by aluminum profile
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

Sec. 3.4.14: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, extreme fiber, gross section, tubular shapes

Lb ≔ 3625 mm ; unsupported length

Ix ≔ 1398965 mm
4
; moment of inertia about x axis

cy ≔ 61 mm ; distance to extreme fiber

Ix
Sc ≔ ―= 22933.85 mm
3
; section modulus of beam,compression side
cy

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Rev. 1

43
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Iy ≔ 340499 mm
4
; moment of inertia about y axis

a ≔ 50 mm b ≔ 106 mm t1 ≔ 2.5 mm t2 ≔ 2.3 mm

2 ⋅ t2 ⋅ t1 ⋅ ⎛⎝a - t2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝b - t1⎞⎠

2 2
Lb ⋅ Sc
J ≔ ―――――――― = 760720.2 mm ―――― = 326.7
4

a ⋅ t2 + b ⋅ t1 - t2 - t1 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J
2 2

⎛ Lb ⋅ Sc ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Fb14 ≔ ⎜16.7 - 0.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ ksi = 97.7 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.14
⎜⎝ 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J ⎟⎠

Sec. 3.4.16: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, flat elements supported on both edges

b ≔ 50 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.3 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 21.74 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb16 ≔ 15 ksi = 103.4 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.16

Sec. 3.4.18: Element bending in own plane, gross section, flat elements supported on both edge

b ≔ 106 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.5 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 42.4 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb18 ≔ 20 ksi = 137.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.18

Fb ≔ min ⎛⎝Fb14 , Fb16 , Fb18⎞⎠ = 97.7 MPa ; allowable stress of aluminum profile

fb
―= 0.44 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Rev. 1

44
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check 90x10mm thk steel stiffener

cy ≔ 45 mm ;extreme fiber distance

Ixs
Sx ≔ ―= 13500 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ 2 n ⋅ Ixs ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 187.18 MPa ;stress shared by steel stiffener
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

Fb ≔ 355 MPa ;yield strength

1.67 fb
――― = 0.88 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Rev. 1

45
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Max Deflection

Zone 4

δmaxw ≔ 17.20 mm ;maximum deflection

3625 mm
δallow ≔ ―――― = 20.71 mm ;allowable deflection
175

δmaxw
――= 0.83 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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Rev. 1

46
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Zone 5

δmaxw ≔ 17.053 mm ;maximum deflection

3625 mm
δallow ≔ ―――― = 20.71 mm ;allowable deflection
175

δmaxw
――= 0.82 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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Rev. 1

47
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

4.3 Frame Groundfloor 4.4m Height

Wind Load

WLzone5 ≔ 2.84 kPa ;zone 5 wind load

WLzone4 ≔ 1.55 kPa ;zone 4 wind load

Dead Load
-1
ρ ≔ 2600 kgf ⋅ ⎛⎝m ⎞⎠
3
;density of glazing

t ≔ 12 mm ;thickness of glazing

Wpc ≔ 1.1 ⋅ ρ ⋅ t = 0.34 kPa ;dead load pressure of glazing

Software Presentation

Zone 4 Zone 5

50x125mm Profile

Mullion wiith 90x10mm Steel Plate Mullion wiith Built Up Steel

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Rev. 1

48
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Loads

Zone 4

0.34 kPa Dead Load 1.55 kPa Wind Pressure

Zone 5

0.34 kPa Dead Load 2.84 kPa Wind Pressure

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Rev. 1

49
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Bending Moments

Zone 4

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Rev. 1

50
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Zone 5

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Rev. 1

51
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Zone 4
Maximum Bending

Mmax ≔ 3.22 kN ⋅ m

Properties of Mullion and Stiffener (90x10mm Steel Stiffener)

n ≔ 2.93 ;modular ratio

Ixa; ≔ 2276510 mm
4
;mullion inertia

Ixs ≔ 607500 mm
4
;stiffener inertia

Ixtotal ≔ Ixa; + ⎛⎝n ⋅ Ixs⎞⎠ = 4056485 mm

4
;combined inertia

cy ≔ 61 mm ;extreme fiber distance

Ixa;
Sx ≔ ―― = 37319.84 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ Ixa; ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 48.42 MPa ;stress shared by aluminum profile
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

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Rev. 1

52
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Sec. 3.4.14: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, extreme fiber, gross section, tubular shapes

Lb ≔ 4400 mm ; unsupported length

Ix ≔ 1398965 mm
4
; moment of inertia about x axis

cy ≔ 61 mm ; distance to extreme fiber

Ix
Sc ≔ ―= 22933.85 mm
3
; section modulus of beam,compression side
cy

Iy ≔ 340499 mm
4
; moment of inertia about y axis

a ≔ 50 mm b ≔ 106 mm t1 ≔ 2.5 mm t2 ≔ 2.3 mm

2 ⋅ t2 ⋅ t1 ⋅ ⎛⎝a - t2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝b - t1⎞⎠

2 2
Lb ⋅ Sc
J ≔ ―――――――― = 760720.2 mm ―――― = 396.54
4

a ⋅ t2 + b ⋅ t1 - t2 - t1 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J
2 2

⎛ Lb ⋅ Sc ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Fb14 ≔ ⎜16.7 - 0.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ ksi = 95.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.14
⎜⎝ 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J ⎟⎠

Sec. 3.4.16: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, flat elements supported on both edges

b ≔ 50 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.3 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 21.74 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb16 ≔ 15 ksi = 103.4 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.16

Sec. 3.4.18: Element bending in own plane, gross section, flat elements supported on both edge

b ≔ 106 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.5 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 42.4 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb18 ≔ 20 ksi = 137.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.18

Fb ≔ min ⎛⎝Fb14 , Fb16 , Fb18⎞⎠ = 95.9 MPa ; allowable stress of aluminum profile

fb
―= 0.5 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 1

53
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check 90x10mm thk steel stiffener S355

cy ≔ 45 mm ;extreme fiber distance

Ixs
Sx ≔ ―= 13500 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ n ⋅ Ixs ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 104.66 MPa ;stress shared by steel stiffener
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

Fb ≔ 355 MPa ;yield strength

1.67 fb
――― = 0.4924 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Rev. 1

54
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Zone 5

Maximum Bending

Mmax ≔ 6.26 kN ⋅ m

Properties of Stiffener 40x100 Built Up I Beam

n ≔ 2.93 ;modular ratio

Ixa; ≔ 2276510 mm
4
;mullion inertia

Ixs ≔ 2162731 mm
4
;stiffener inertia

Ixtotal ≔ Ixa; + ⎛⎝n ⋅ Ixs⎞⎠ = 8613311.83 mm

4
;combined inertia
;extreme fiber distance
cy ≔ 61 mm

Ixa;
Sx ≔ ―― = 37319.84 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ Ixa; ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 44.33 MPa ;stress shared by aluminum profile
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

Sec. 3.4.14: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, extreme fiber, gross section, tubular shapes

Lb ≔ 4400 mm ; unsupported length

Ix ≔ 1398965 mm
4
; moment of inertia about x axis

cy ≔ 61 mm ; distance to extreme fiber

Ix
Sc ≔ ―= 22933.85 mm
3
; section modulus of beam,compression side
cy

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Rev. 1

55
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Iy ≔ 340499 mm
4
; moment of inertia about y axis

a ≔ 50 mm b ≔ 106 mm t1 ≔ 2.5 mm t2 ≔ 2.3 mm

2 ⋅ t2 ⋅ t1 ⋅ ⎛⎝a - t2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝b - t1⎞⎠

2 2
Lb ⋅ Sc
J ≔ ―――――――― = 760720.2 mm ―――― = 396.54
4

a ⋅ t2 + b ⋅ t1 - t2 - t1 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J
2 2

⎛ Lb ⋅ Sc ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Fb14 ≔ ⎜16.7 - 0.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ ksi = 95.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.14
⎜⎝ 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J ⎟⎠

Sec. 3.4.16: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, flat elements supported on both edges

b ≔ 50 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.3 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 21.74 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb16 ≔ 15 ksi = 103.4 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.16

Sec. 3.4.18: Element bending in own plane, gross section, flat elements supported on both edge

b ≔ 106 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.5 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 42.4 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb18 ≔ 20 ksi = 137.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.18

Fb ≔ min ⎛⎝Fb14 , Fb16 , Fb18⎞⎠ = 95.9 MPa ; allowable stress of aluminum profile

fb
―= 0.46 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Rev. 1

56
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

40x100 Built Up I Beam S275

cy ≔ 50 mm ;extreme fiber distance

Ixs
Sx ≔ ―= 43254.62 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ n ⋅ Ixs ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 106.47 MPa ;stress shared by steel stiffener
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

Fb ≔ 275 MPa ;yield strength

1.67 fb
――― = 0.65 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Rev. 1

57
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Max Deflection

Zone 4

δmaxw ≔ 22.5 mm ;maximum deflection

4400 mm
δallow ≔ ―――― = 25.14 mm ;allowable deflection
175

δmaxw
――= 0.89 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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Rev. 1

58
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Zone 5

δmaxw ≔ 20.5 mm ;maximum deflection

4400 mm
δallow ≔ ―――― = 25.14 mm ;allowable deflection
175

δmaxw
――= 0.82 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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Rev. 1

59
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

4.4 Typical Panel Continuous

Wind Load

WLzone5 ≔ 2.84 kPa ;zone 5 wind load

WLzone4 ≔ 1.55 kPa ;zone 4 wind load

Dead Load
-1
ρ ≔ 2600 kgf ⋅ ⎛⎝m ⎞⎠
3
;density of glazing

t ≔ 12 mm ;thickness of glazing

Wpc ≔ 1.1 ⋅ ρ ⋅ t = 0.34 kPa ;dead load pressure of glazing

Software Presentation

Zone 4 Zone 5

50x106mm Profile

Mullion wiith 80x10mm Steel Plate

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 1

60
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Loads

Zone 4

0.34 kPa Dead Load 1.55 kPa Wind Pressure

Zone 5

0.34 kPa Dead Load 2.84 kPa Wind Pressure

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Rev. 1

61
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Bending Moments

Zone 4

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 1

62
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Zone 5

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 1

63
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Zone 4

Maximum Bending

Mmax ≔ 1.24 kN ⋅ m

Properties of Mullion

Ixa; ≔ 1398965 mm
4
;mullion inertia

cy ≔ 61 mm ;extreme fiber distance

Ixa;
Sx ≔ ―― = 22933.85 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax
fb ≔ ――= 54.07 MPa ;stress shared by aluminum profile
Sx

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 1

64
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Sec. 3.4.14: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, extreme fiber, gross section, tubular shapes

Lb ≔ 3800 mm ; unsupported length

Ix ≔ 1398965 mm
4
; moment of inertia about x axis

cy ≔ 61 mm ; distance to extreme fiber

Ix
Sc ≔ ―= 22933.85 mm
3
; section modulus of beam,compression side
cy
Iy ≔ 340499 mm
4
; moment of inertia about y axis

a ≔ 50 mm b ≔ 106 mm t1 ≔ 2.5 mm t2 ≔ 2.3 mm

2 ⋅ t2 ⋅ t1 ⋅ ⎛⎝a - t2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝b - t1⎞⎠

2 2
Lb ⋅ Sc
J ≔ ―――――――― = 760720.2 mm ―――― = 342.47
4

a ⋅ t2 + b ⋅ t1 - t2 - t1 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J
2 2

⎛ Lb ⋅ Sc ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Fb14 ≔ ⎜16.7 - 0.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ ksi = 97.3 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.14
⎜⎝ 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J ⎟⎠

Sec. 3.4.16: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, flat elements supported on both edges

b ≔ 50 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.3 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 21.74 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb16 ≔ 15 ksi = 103.4 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.16

Sec. 3.4.18: Element bending in own plane, gross section, flat elements supported on both edge

b ≔ 106 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.5 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 42.4 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb18 ≔ 20 ksi = 137.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.18

Fb ≔ min ⎛⎝Fb14 , Fb16 , Fb18⎞⎠ = 97.3 MPa ; allowable stress of aluminum profile

fb
―= 0.56 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 1

65
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Zone 5

Maximum Bending

Mmax ≔ 2.62 kN ⋅ m

Properties of Stiffener + Mullion

n ≔ 2.93 ;modular ratio

Ixa; ≔ 1398965 mm
4
;mullion inertia

Ixs ≔ 426667 mm
4
;stiffener inertia

Ixtotal ≔ Ixa; + ⎛⎝n ⋅ Ixs⎞⎠ = 2649099.31 mm

4
;combined inertia
;extreme fiber distance
cy ≔ 61 mm

Ixa;
Sx ≔ ―― = 22933.85 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ Ixa; ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 60.33 MPa ;stress shared by aluminum profile
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 1

66
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Sec. 3.4.14: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, extreme fiber, gross section, tubular shapes

Lb ≔ 3800 mm ; unsupported length

Ix ≔ 1398965 mm
4
; moment of inertia about x axis

cy ≔ 61 mm ; distance to extreme fiber

Ix
Sc ≔ ―= 22933.85 mm
3
; section modulus of beam,compression side
cy
Iy ≔ 340499 mm
4
; moment of inertia about y axis

a ≔ 50 mm b ≔ 106 mm t1 ≔ 2.5 mm t2 ≔ 2.3 mm

2 ⋅ t2 ⋅ t1 ⋅ ⎛⎝a - t2⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝b - t1⎞⎠

2 2
Lb ⋅ Sc
J ≔ ―――――――― = 760720.2 mm ―――― = 342.47
4

a ⋅ t2 + b ⋅ t1 - t2 - t1 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J
2 2

⎛ Lb ⋅ Sc ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Fb14 ≔ ⎜16.7 - 0.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ ksi = 97.3 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.14
⎜⎝ 0.5 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾
Iy ⋅ J ⎟⎠

Sec. 3.4.16: COMPRESSION IN BEAMS, flat elements supported on both edges

b ≔ 50 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.3 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 21.74 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb16 ≔ 15 ksi = 103.4 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.16

Sec. 3.4.18: Element bending in own plane, gross section, flat elements supported on both edge

b ≔ 106 mm ; width of flat element supported on two edges

t ≔ 2.5 mm ; thickness of element

b
―= 42.4 ; slenderness of flat element
t
Fb18 ≔ 20 ksi = 137.9 MPa ; allowable stress based on sec.3.4.18

Fb ≔ min ⎛⎝Fb14 , Fb16 , Fb18⎞⎠ = 97.3 MPa ; allowable stress of aluminum profile

fb
―= 0.62 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 1

67
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check 80x10mm thk steel stiffener S355

cy ≔ 40 mm ;extreme fiber distance

Ixs
Sx ≔ ―= 10666.68 mm
3
;section modulus
cy

Mmax ⎛ n ⋅ Ixs ⎞
fb ≔ ――⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 115.91 MPa ;stress shared by steel stiffener
Sx ⎝ Ixtotal ⎠

Fb ≔ 355 MPa ;yield strength

1.67 fb
――― = 0.55 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
Fb

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Check Max Deflection

Zone 4

δmaxw ≔ 15.71 mm ;maximum deflection

3800 mm
δallow ≔ ―――― = 21.71 mm ;allowable deflection
175

δmaxw
――= 0.72 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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Zone 5

δmaxw ≔ 18.306 mm ;maximum deflection

3800 mm
δallow ≔ ―――― = 21.71 mm ;allowable deflection
175

δmaxw
――= 0.84 < 1.0 therefore, ADEQUATE
δallow

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CHAPTER 5.0
CONNECTIONS AND ANCHORAGE

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5.0 Connections and Anchorage

Reactions
Note: Zone 5 Reactions shall be used to check connections

Case 1: Typical Panel 3.625m Height Panel

DL+WL

1.2DL+1.6WL

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Case 2: Groundfloor 4.4m Height Panel

DL+WL ( Critical Case)

1.2DL+1.6WL ( Critical Case)

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Check M10 Through Bolt

LC: DL+ WLs

Fy ≔ 2.66 kN ;reaction at y axis

Fx ≔ 7.18 kN ;reaction at x axis

nv ≔ 2 ;number of shear planes

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Fy + Fx
2 2

Vmax ≔ ――――= 3.83 kN ;maximum single shear

nv

Vallow ≔ 8.45 kN ;allowable shear on M10

Vmax
――= 0.45 < 1.0, Therefore Adequate
Vallow

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Check Bottom Bracket 10mm Steel S355

fb ≔ 146.45 MPa ; maximum stress

Fb ≔ 355 MPa ; yield strength

1.67 ⋅ fb
――― = 0.69 < 1.0, Therefore Adequate
Fb

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Check Top Bracket 8mm steel S355

fb ≔ 110.92 MPa ; maximum stress

Fb ≔ 355 MPa ; yield strength

1.67 ⋅ fb
――― = 0.52 < 1.0, Therefore Adequate
Fb

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Check Bottom Anchor

1.2DL+1.6WL

Fx ≔ 11.48 kN ; factored reacton at x direction

Fy ≔ 3.19 kN ; factored reacton at y direction

e ≔ 80 mm ; eccentricity

M ≔ Fx ⋅ e = 0.92 kN ⋅ m ; factored moment

Refer to suceeding pages for HILTI report

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 Draft verification
Structural verifications: Anchorage with
W-FAZ/A4 M12

78
Project name: 23. April 2020
Client: RBB
Address of project: Page 2 of 13

Input data
Base material: Concrete: Cracked

C30/37, fck = 30.00 N/mm², fck,cube = 37.00 N/mm²

Service temperature: selected by user: Short-term: 40 °C / long-term: 24 °C

Reinforcement: Concrete reinforcement: Normal

Edge reinforcement: No

Reinforcement to control splitting according to ETAG 001, Annex C and TR 029 clause
[Link] not present

Concrete cover: 30 mm

Tensile strength: 500 N/mm²

Base material- / component thickness: h = 250.00 mm

Anchor plate:

Dimensions: ly x lz x t = 165 mm x 93 mm x 10 mm

Thickness of anchor plate: User-defined anchor plate thickness: t = 10 mm

Clearance hole: With annular gap acc. to ETAG 001, Annex C; Table 4.1

Material: S235JR

Modulus of elasticity: E = 210000 N/mm²

Yield strength: fyk = 235 N/mm²

Poisson's ratio: μ = 0.30

Partial safety factor: γ = 1.10

Structural steel section: -

Installation conditions:

Drill the hole: Hammer drilling

Condition of drill hole: Dry

Anchor bending: No

Selected type and size of anchor: W-FAZ/A4 M12

Material: ./A4: Stainless steel A4

Diameter: M12

Effective anchorage depth: hef = 70 mm

Tightening torque: 50.00 Nm

Approval number / Validity: ETA-99/0011 (W-FAZ New); valid from 10/2/2018

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Anchor:

Item no. Description Ø l tfix VE

[mm] [mm] [mm] [pcs]

Deliveries on demand W-FAZ/A4 M12-70-10/105 M12 105 mm 10 mm 1

5928 512 015 W-FAZ/A4 M12-15/110 (U-SHB) M12 110 mm 15 mm 25

5928 412 015 W-FAZ/A4 M12-15/110 M12 110 mm 15 mm 25

Accessories:

Item no. Description

0903 488 512 Set for filling the annular gap WIT-SHB A4 M12,
D14

Using the set for filling the annular gap, its thickness has to be added when calculating the maximum thickness of the fixture.

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Geometry and loads:

Load cases:

Number of load NSd VSdv VSdw MSdu MSdv MSdw Type of Action
case [kN] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]

1 -3.190 0.000 -11.480 0.000 0.920 0.000 Normal

Remark: Design actions are given by user.

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Verifications

Overview
Verification method: ETAG 001, Annex C: 2010-08
ETAG 001, Annex E: 2013-04
TR 020: 2004-05
TR 029: 2010-09
TR 045: 2013-02
fib (CEB - FIP) Bulletin 58: Design of anchorages in concrete. 2010-11

For those cases, which are not explicitly regulated by ETAG 001 and by TR 029, the
instructions and recommendations of the fib Bulletin 58 are considered for engineering
judgement. The distribution of shear loads in case of anchorages without hole
clearance is particularly benefiting from the relevant clauses. The results may be taken
for agreements on an individual basis.

Summary
Number of load case Utilization Type of load
combination
Tension Shear Tension/Shear
combination

1 76.67 % 23.92 % 78.83 % Normal

Structural verification successfully completed!

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Verification: Quasi static loads

Resulting anchor forces

i Mx i Mx i Vy i Vz i i i i
Anchor number N Sd,x (V ) Sd,y (V ) Sd,z (V ) Sd,y (V ) Sd,z V Sd,y V Sd,z V Sd
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN]

1 9.8333 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -5.7400 0.0000 -5.7400 5.7400

2 9.8333 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -5.7400 0.0000 -5.7400 5.7400

i Mx i Mx i Vy i Vz i i i i
Σ N Sd,x Σ (V ) Sd,y Σ (V ) Sd,z Σ (V ) Sd,y Σ (V ) Sd,z Σ V Sd,y Σ V Sd,z |Σ V Sd|
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN]

Sum 19.6665 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -11.4800 0.0000 -11.4800 11.4800

Coordinates of the position of the tensile (0 mm ; 0 mm)

force (y;z):

Coordinates of the position of the (0 mm ; -40.1 mm)

pressure force (y;z):

Neutral axis (y;z) / (y;z): (-82.5 mm ; -27.2 mm) / (82.5 mm ; -27.2 mm)

Inner lever arm z: 40.1 mm

Maximum concrete compressive strength : 14.34 N/mm²

Safe transmission of the fastener loads by the concrete member to its supports shall be demonstrated for
the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state according to EN 1992-1-1. The respective verifications have to be provided
by the responsible structural engineer.

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Ultimate limit state

Required verification of post-installed anchor in tension
1. Steel failure
h
βN,s = N Sd / NRd,s Use of total capacity
h
N Sd = 9.833 kN Design value of the actions
NRd,s = NRk,s / γMs,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
NRk,s = 40.000 kN ETA
γMs,N = 1.50 ETA
NRd,s = 26.667 kN
βN,s = 0.37

2. Pull-out
h
βN,p = N Sd / NRd,p Use of total capacity
h
N Sd = 9.833 kN Design value of the actions
NRd,p = ψc · NRk,p / γMp,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
ψc = 1.2166 ETA
NRk,p = 16.000 kN ETA
γMp,N = 1.50 ETA
NRd,p = 12.977 kN
βN,p = 0.76

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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3. Concrete breakout

1, 2 Governing number of anchors

g
βN,c = N Sd / NRd,c Use of total capacity
g
N Sd = 19.667 kN Design value of the actions
NRd,c = NRk,c / γMc,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
0 0
NRk,c = N Rk,c · Ac,N / A c,N · ψs,N · ψre,N · ψec,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link] (5.2)
0 0.5 1.5
N Rk,c = k1 · fck,cube · hef ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a) (5.2a)
k1 = 7.20 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a)
hef = 70.0 mm ETA
0
N Rk,c = 25.650 kN
Ac,N = 66150 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b)
0
A c,N = scr,N² = 44100 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b) (5.2b)
ψs,N = 0.7 + 0.3 · c / ccr,N ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4c) (5.2c)
c = ∞ mm
ψs,N = 1.0000
ψre,N = 0.5 + hef / 200.0 mm ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4d) (5.2d)
= 1.0000
ψec,N = ψec,N,y · ψec,N,z
ψec,N,y = 1 / (1 + 2 · eN,y / scr,N) ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4e) (5.2e)
eN,y = 0.0 mm
ψec,N,y = 1.0000
ψec,N,z = 1 / (1 + 2 · eN,z / scr,N) ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4e) (5.2e)
eN,z = 0.0 mm
ψec,N,z = 1.0000
NRk,c = 38.474 kN
γMc,N = 1.50 ETA
NRd,c = 25.650 kN
βN,c = 0.77

4. Splitting failure
No verification is required if at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

a) The edge distance in all directions is c ≥ 1.0 ccr,sp for single fasteners and c ≥ 1.2 ccr,sp for fastener groups and the member
depth is h ≥ 2 hef in both cases.

b) The characteristic resistance for concrete cone failure and pull-out failure is calculated for cracked concrete and reinforcement
resists the splitting forces and limits the crack width to wk ~ 0.3 mm.

Required verification of post-installed anchor in shear

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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1. Steel failure, shear load without lever arm

h
βV,s = V Sd / VRd,s Use of total capacity
h
V Sd = 5.740 kN Design value of the actions
VRd,s = VRk,s / γMs,V ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
VRk,s = k2 · 30.000 kN ETA + ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.3.2a)
k2 = 1.00 ETA + ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.3.2a)
γMs,V = 1.25 ETA
VRd,s = 24.000 kN
βV,s = 0.24

2. Concrete pry-out (Anchor group)

1, 2 Governing number of anchors

g
βV,cp = V Sd / VRd,cp Use of total capacity
g
V Sd = 11.480 kN Design value of the actions
VRd,cp = VRk,cp / γMcp,V ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
VRk,cp = k · NRk,c ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link] (5.6)
k = 2.40 ETA
0 0
NRk,c = N Rk,c · Ac,V / A c,V · ψs,N · ψre,N · ψec,V ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link] (5.2)
0 0.5 1.5
N Rk,c = k1 · fck,cube · hef ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a) (5.2a)
k1 = 7.20 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a)
hef = 70.0 mm ETA
0
N Rk,c = 25.650 kN
Ac,V = 66150 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b)
0
A c,V = scr,N² = (210.0 mm)² = 44100 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b) (5.2b)
ψs,N = 0.7 + 0.3 · c / ccr,N ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4c) (5.2c)
c = ∞ mm
ccr,N = 105.0 mm
ψs,N = 1.0000
ψre,N = 0.5 + hef / 200.0 mm ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4d) (5.2d)
= 1.0000 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4d) (5.2d)
ψec,V = 1 / (1 + 2 · eV / scr,N) ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4e) (5.2e)
eV,y = 0.0 mm
eV,z = 0.0 mm
eV = 0.0 mm
ψec,V = 1.0000
NRk,c = 38.474 kN
VRk,cp = 92.339 kN
γMcp,V = 1.50 ETA
VRd,cp = 61.559 kN
βV,cp = 0.19

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Required verification of post-installed anchor in combined tension and shear load

Utilization Verification

Tension 77 % βN,max = 0.77 ≤ 1.00 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.4 (5.8a)

Shear 24 % βV,max = 0.24 ≤ 1.00 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.4 (5.8b)

1.5 1.5
Tension/Shear combination 79 % βN,max + βV,max = 0.79 ≤ 1.00 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.4 (5.9)

Remarks
• This is a draft verification / recommendation. The anchor should not be installed without a review by a certified structural
engineer.
• This design is only valid if the diameter of the clearance hole is not larger than given in ETAG 001, Annex C, Table 4.1! Check
for further requirements chapter 1.1 of ETAG 001, Annex C in case the diameter of the clearance hole is larger.
• The design is based on numerous anchor-specific values. If the selected anchor will be changed or when the given load values
or geometrical data are being changed, the verification is no longer valid and must be conducted for the new situation. The
requirements and provisions of the European Technical Approval must be considered.
• In an anchor group only anchors of the same type, size and length shall be used.
• Bond strength depends on the short- and long-term service temperature of base material.
• Verify selected base material strength.
• The assumption of a linear distribution of strains is valid only if the fixture is sufficient rigid. The base plate shall remain elastic
under design actions and its deformation shall remain negligible in comparison with the axial displacement of the fasteners. The
determination of the loads acting on the individual anchors and the calculation of the fixture thickness was conducted with these
assumptions. The user has to structurally verify according to related national standards.
• Checking the transfer of loads into the base material is required in accordance with ETAG 001, Annex C: 2010-08, Section 7.
The software considers that the grout is installed under the baseplate without creating air voids and before application of the
loads.
• The list of accessories in this report, is an information only. For a correct installation the setting instructions have to be taken
from the instruction leaflet delivered with each product.

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Servicabilty limit state

Displacements are calculated at the level of the component surface. In case of stand-off anchorages the deflection of the anchor at
the level of anchor plate is not considered.
1. Short-term displacement:

1 Governing anchor
δN = NEd / N0 · δN0 ETA
N = 7.024 kN Design value of the actions
N0 = 7.600 kN ETA
δN0 = 0.400 mm ETA
δN = 0.370 mm

δV = VEd / V0 · δV0 ETA

V = 4.100 kN Design value of the actions
V0 = 17.100 kN ETA
δV0 = 4.000 mm ETA
δV = 0.959 mm

2 2 0.50
δNV = (δN + δV ) = 1.028 mm

2. Long-term displacement:

1 Governing anchor
δN = NEd / N0 · δN∞ ETA
N = 7.024 kN Design value of the actions
N0 = 7.600 kN ETA
δN∞ = 1.400 mm ETA
δN = 1.294 mm

δV = VEd / V0 · δV∞ ETA

V = 4.100 kN Design value of the actions
V0 = 17.100 kN ETA
δV∞ = 5.900 mm ETA
δV = 1.415 mm

2 2 0.50
δNV = (δN + δV ) = 1.917 mm

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Setting instructions

Base material
Selected type and size of anchor: W-FAZ/A4 M12

Effective anchorage depth: hef = 70 mm

Drill hole depth: h1 = 90 mm

Drill hole diameter: d0 = 12 mm

Minimum component thickness: hmin = 120 mm

Drill:

Nominal drill bit diameter: 12 mm

Working length of the drill bit: ≥ 100 mm

Cleaning required

Instructions referring to the approvals or to the instruction leaflet must be considered.

Cleaning tools according to the list of accessories and Würth Catalogues

Anchor installation

Tightening torque: 50.00 Nm

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Anchor plate
Material: S235JR

Yield strength: fyk = 235 N/mm²

Diameter of clearance hole in the fixture: Push-through installation: df ≤ 14 mm

Thickness of anchor plate: t = 10 mm (User input)

Structural steel section

Material: -

Structural steel section: -

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STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Top Anchor

Fx ≔ 11.27 kN ; factored reacton at x direction

e ≔ 35 mm ; eccentricity

M ≔ Fx ⋅ e = 0.39 kN ⋅ m ; factored moment

Refer to suceeding pages for HILTI report

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 0

91
 Draft verification
Structural verifications: Anchorage with
W-FAZ/A4 M12

92
Project name:
Client: RBB
Address of project: Page 2 of 13

Input data
Base material: Concrete: Cracked

C30/37, fck = 30.00 N/mm², fck,cube = 37.00 N/mm²

Service temperature: selected by user: Short-term: 40 °C / long-term: 24 °C

Reinforcement: Concrete reinforcement: Normal

Edge reinforcement: No

Reinforcement to control splitting according to ETAG 001, Annex C and TR 029 clause
[Link] present

Concrete cover: 30 mm

Tensile strength: 500 N/mm²

Base material- / component thickness: h = 250.00 mm

Anchor plate:

Dimensions: ly x lz x t = 165 mm x 93 mm x 10 mm

Thickness of anchor plate: User-defined anchor plate thickness: t = 10 mm

Clearance hole: With annular gap acc. to ETAG 001, Annex C; Table 4.1

Material: S235JR

Modulus of elasticity: E = 210000 N/mm²

Yield strength: fyk = 235 N/mm²

Poisson's ratio: μ = 0.30

Partial safety factor: γ = 1.10

Structural steel section: -

Installation conditions:

Drill the hole: Hammer drilling

Condition of drill hole: Dry

Anchor bending: No

Selected type and size of anchor: W-FAZ/A4 M12

Material: ./A4: Stainless steel A4

Diameter: M12

Effective anchorage depth: hef = 50 mm

Tightening torque: 50.00 Nm

Approval number / Validity: ETA-99/0011 (W-FAZ New); valid from 10/2/2018

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

User: Mobile phone:

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Project name:
Client: RBB
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Anchor:

Item no. Description Ø l tfix VE

[mm] [mm] [mm] [pcs]

5928 452 010 W-FAZ/A4 M12-10/85 M12 85 mm 10 mm 25

5928 452 020 W-FAZ/A4 M12-20/95 M12 95 mm 20 mm 25

Deliveries on demand W-FAZ/A4 M12-50-30/105 M12 105 mm 30 mm 1

Accessories:

Item no. Description

0903 488 512 Set for filling the annular gap WIT-SHB A4 M12,
D14

Using the set for filling the annular gap, its thickness has to be added when calculating the maximum thickness of the fixture.

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Geometry and loads:

Load cases:

Number of load NSd VSdv VSdw MSdu MSdv MSdw Type of Action
case [kN] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]

1 0.000 0.000 -11.270 0.000 0.390 0.000 Normal

Remark: Design actions are given by user.

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Verifications

Overview
Verification method: ETAG 001, Annex C: 2010-08
ETAG 001, Annex E: 2013-04
TR 020: 2004-05
TR 029: 2010-09
TR 045: 2013-02
fib (CEB - FIP) Bulletin 58: Design of anchorages in concrete. 2010-11

For those cases, which are not explicitly regulated by ETAG 001 and by TR 029, the
instructions and recommendations of the fib Bulletin 58 are considered for engineering
judgement. The distribution of shear loads in case of anchorages without hole
clearance is particularly benefiting from the relevant clauses. The results may be taken
for agreements on an individual basis.

Summary
Number of load case Utilization Type of load
combination
Tension Shear Tension/Shear
combination

1 54.70 % 26.76 % 54.30 % Normal

Structural verification successfully completed!

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Verification: Quasi static loads

Resulting anchor forces

i Mx i Mx i Vy i Vz i i i i
Anchor number N Sd,x (V ) Sd,y (V ) Sd,z (V ) Sd,y (V ) Sd,z V Sd,y V Sd,z V Sd
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN]

1 4.7999 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -5.6350 0.0000 -5.6350 5.6350

2 4.7999 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -5.6350 0.0000 -5.6350 5.6350

i Mx i Mx i Vy i Vz i i i i
Σ N Sd,x Σ (V ) Sd,y Σ (V ) Sd,z Σ (V ) Sd,y Σ (V ) Sd,z Σ V Sd,y Σ V Sd,z |Σ V Sd|
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN]

Sum 9.5999 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -11.2700 0.0000 -11.2700 11.2700

Coordinates of the position of the tensile (0 mm ; 0 mm)

force (y;z):

Coordinates of the position of the (0 mm ; -40.4 mm)

pressure force (y;z):

Neutral axis (y;z) / (y;z): (-82.5 mm ; -28.2 mm) / (82.5 mm ; -28.2 mm)

Inner lever arm z: 40.4 mm

Maximum concrete compressive strength : 6.37 N/mm²

Safe transmission of the fastener loads by the concrete member to its supports shall be demonstrated for
the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state according to EN 1992-1-1. The respective verifications have to be provided
by the responsible structural engineer.

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Ultimate limit state

Required verification of post-installed anchor in tension
1. Steel failure
h
βN,s = N Sd / NRd,s Use of total capacity
h
N Sd = 4.800 kN Design value of the actions
NRd,s = NRk,s / γMs,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
NRk,s = 40.000 kN ETA
γMs,N = 1.50 ETA
NRd,s = 26.667 kN
βN,s = 0.18

2. Concrete breakout

1, 2 Governing number of anchors

g
βN,c = N Sd / NRd,c Use of total capacity
g
N Sd = 9.600 kN Design value of the actions
NRd,c = NRk,c / γMc,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
0 0
NRk,c = N Rk,c · Ac,N / A c,N · ψs,N · ψre,N · ψec,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link] (5.2)
0 0.5 1.5
N Rk,c = k1 · fck,cube · hef ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a) (5.2a)
k1 = 7.20 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a)
hef = 50.0 mm ETA
0
N Rk,c = 15.484 kN
Ac,N = 38250 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b)
0
A c,N = scr,N² = 22500 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b) (5.2b)
ψs,N = 0.7 + 0.3 · c / ccr,N ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4c) (5.2c)
c = ∞ mm
ψs,N = 1.0000
ψre,N = 0.5 + hef / 200.0 mm ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4d) (5.2d)
= 1.0000
ψec,N = ψec,N,y · ψec,N,z
ψec,N,y = 1 / (1 + 2 · eN,y / scr,N) ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4e) (5.2e)
eN,y = 0.0 mm
ψec,N,y = 1.0000
ψec,N,z = 1 / (1 + 2 · eN,z / scr,N) ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4e) (5.2e)
eN,z = 0.0 mm
ψec,N,z = 1.0000
NRk,c = 26.323 kN
γMc,N = 1.50 ETA
NRd,c = 17.549 kN
βN,c = 0.55

3. Splitting failure
No verification is required if at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

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a) The edge distance in all directions is c ≥ 1.0 ccr,sp for single fasteners and c ≥ 1.2 ccr,sp for fastener groups and the member
depth is h ≥ 2 hef in both cases.

b) The characteristic resistance for concrete cone failure and pull-out failure is calculated for cracked concrete and reinforcement
resists the splitting forces and limits the crack width to wk ~ 0.3 mm.

Required verification of post-installed anchor in shear

1. Steel failure, shear load without lever arm
h
βV,s = V Sd / VRd,s Use of total capacity
h
V Sd = 5.635 kN Design value of the actions
VRd,s = VRk,s / γMs,V ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
VRk,s = k2 · 30.000 kN ETA + ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.3.2a)
k2 = 1.00 ETA + ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.3.2a)
γMs,V = 1.25 ETA
VRd,s = 24.000 kN
βV,s = 0.23

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2. Concrete pry-out (Anchor group)

1, 2 Governing number of anchors

g
βV,cp = V Sd / VRd,cp Use of total capacity
g
V Sd = 11.270 kN Design value of the actions
VRd,cp = VRk,cp / γMcp,V ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
VRk,cp = k · NRk,c ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link] (5.6)
k = 2.40 ETA
0 0
NRk,c = N Rk,c · Ac,V / A c,V · ψs,N · ψre,N · ψec,V ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link] (5.2)
0 0.5 1.5
N Rk,c = k1 · fck,cube · hef ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a) (5.2a)
k1 = 7.20 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a)
hef = 50.0 mm ETA
0
N Rk,c = 15.484 kN
Ac,V = 38250 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b)
0
A c,V = scr,N² = (150.0 mm)² = 22500 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b) (5.2b)
ψs,N = 0.7 + 0.3 · c / ccr,N ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4c) (5.2c)
c = ∞ mm
ccr,N = 75.0 mm
ψs,N = 1.0000
ψre,N = 0.5 + hef / 200.0 mm ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4d) (5.2d)
= 1.0000 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4d) (5.2d)
ψec,V = 1 / (1 + 2 · eV / scr,N) ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4e) (5.2e)
eV,y = 0.0 mm
eV,z = 0.0 mm
eV = 0.0 mm
ψec,V = 1.0000
NRk,c = 26.323 kN
VRk,cp = 63.175 kN
γMcp,V = 1.50 ETA
VRd,cp = 42.117 kN
βV,cp = 0.27

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Required verification of post-installed anchor in combined tension and shear load

Utilization Verification

Tension 55 % βN,max = 0.55 ≤ 1.00 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.4 (5.8a)

Shear 27 % βV,max = 0.27 ≤ 1.00 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.4 (5.8b)

1.5 1.5
Tension/Shear combination 54 % βN,max + βV,max = 0.54 ≤ 1.00 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.4 (5.9)

Remarks
• This is a draft verification / recommendation. The anchor should not be installed without a review by a certified structural
engineer.
• This design is only valid if the diameter of the clearance hole is not larger than given in ETAG 001, Annex C, Table 4.1! Check
for further requirements chapter 1.1 of ETAG 001, Annex C in case the diameter of the clearance hole is larger.
• The design is based on numerous anchor-specific values. If the selected anchor will be changed or when the given load values
or geometrical data are being changed, the verification is no longer valid and must be conducted for the new situation. The
requirements and provisions of the European Technical Approval must be considered.
• In an anchor group only anchors of the same type, size and length shall be used.
• Bond strength depends on the short- and long-term service temperature of base material.
• Verify selected base material strength.
• The assumption of a linear distribution of strains is valid only if the fixture is sufficient rigid. The base plate shall remain elastic
under design actions and its deformation shall remain negligible in comparison with the axial displacement of the fasteners. The
determination of the loads acting on the individual anchors and the calculation of the fixture thickness was conducted with these
assumptions. The user has to structurally verify according to related national standards.
• Checking the transfer of loads into the base material is required in accordance with ETAG 001, Annex C: 2010-08, Section 7.
The software considers that the grout is installed under the baseplate without creating air voids and before application of the
loads.
• The list of accessories in this report, is an information only. For a correct installation the setting instructions have to be taken
from the instruction leaflet delivered with each product.

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Servicabilty limit state

Displacements are calculated at the level of the component surface. In case of stand-off anchorages the deflection of the anchor at
the level of anchor plate is not considered.
1. Short-term displacement:

1 Governing anchor
δN = NEd / N0 · δN0 ETA
N = 3.429 kN Design value of the actions
N0 = 6.100 kN ETA
δN0 = 0.500 mm ETA
δN = 0.281 mm

δV = VEd / V0 · δV0 ETA

V = 4.025 kN Design value of the actions
V0 = 17.100 kN ETA
δV0 = 4.000 mm ETA
δV = 0.942 mm

2 2 0.50
δNV = (δN + δV ) = 0.983 mm

2. Long-term displacement:

1 Governing anchor
δN = NEd / N0 · δN∞ ETA
N = 3.429 kN Design value of the actions
N0 = 6.100 kN ETA
δN∞ = 0.800 mm ETA
δN = 0.450 mm

δV = VEd / V0 · δV∞ ETA

V = 4.025 kN Design value of the actions
V0 = 17.100 kN ETA
δV∞ = 5.900 mm ETA
δV = 1.389 mm

2 2 0.50
δNV = (δN + δV ) = 1.460 mm

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Setting instructions

Base material
Selected type and size of anchor: W-FAZ/A4 M12

Effective anchorage depth: hef = 50 mm

Drill hole depth: h1 = 70 mm

Drill hole diameter: d0 = 12 mm

Minimum component thickness: hmin = 100 mm

Drill:

Nominal drill bit diameter: 12 mm

Working length of the drill bit: ≥ 80 mm

Cleaning required

Instructions referring to the approvals or to the instruction leaflet must be considered.

Cleaning tools according to the list of accessories and Würth Catalogues

Anchor installation

Tightening torque: 50.00 Nm

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Anchor plate
Material: S235JR

Yield strength: fyk = 235 N/mm²

Diameter of clearance hole in the fixture: Push-through installation: df ≤ 14 mm

Thickness of anchor plate: t = 10 mm (User input)

Structural steel section

Material: -

Structural steel section: -

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STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Wall Mount Bracket

DL+WL

1.2DL+1.6WL

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 0

105
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Top Bracket 8mm steel S355

fb ≔ 176.80 MPa ; maximum stress

Fb ≔ 355 MPa ; yield strength

1.67 ⋅ fb
――― = 0.83 < 1.0, Therefore Adequate
Fb

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 0

106
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Check Wall Mount Anchor

Fx ≔ 17.11 kN ; factored reacton at x direction

Fy ≔ 1.71 kN ; factored reacton at x direction

e ≔ 60 mm ; eccentricity

M ≔ Fy ⋅ e = 0.1 kN ⋅ m ; factored moment

Refer to suceeding pages for HILTI report

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 0

107
 Draft verification
Structural verifications: Anchorage with
W-FAZ/A4 M12

108
Project name: 23. April 2020
Client: RBB
Address of project: Page 2 of 13

Input data
Base material: Concrete: Cracked

C30/37, fck = 30.00 N/mm², fck,cube = 37.00 N/mm²

Service temperature: selected by user: Short-term: 40 °C / long-term: 24 °C

Reinforcement: Concrete reinforcement: Normal

Edge reinforcement: No

Reinforcement to control splitting according to ETAG 001, Annex C and TR 029 clause
[Link] not present

Concrete cover: 30 mm

Tensile strength: 500 N/mm²

Base material- / component thickness: h = 250.00 mm

Anchor plate:

Dimensions: ly x lz x t = 165 mm x 120 mm x 10 mm

Thickness of anchor plate: User-defined anchor plate thickness: t = 10 mm

Clearance hole: With annular gap acc. to ETAG 001, Annex C; Table 4.1

Material: S235JR

Modulus of elasticity: E = 210000 N/mm²

Yield strength: fyk = 235 N/mm²

Poisson's ratio: μ = 0.30

Partial safety factor: γ = 1.10

Structural steel section: -

Installation conditions:

Drill the hole: Hammer drilling

Condition of drill hole: Dry

Anchor bending: No

Selected type and size of anchor: W-FAZ/A4 M12

Material: ./A4: Stainless steel A4

Diameter: M12

Effective anchorage depth: hef = 70 mm

Tightening torque: 50.00 Nm

Approval number / Validity: ETA-99/0011 (W-FAZ New); valid from 10/2/2018

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Anchor:

Item no. Description Ø l tfix VE

[mm] [mm] [mm] [pcs]

Deliveries on demand W-FAZ/A4 M12-70-10/105 M12 105 mm 10 mm 1

5928 512 015 W-FAZ/A4 M12-15/110 (U-SHB) M12 110 mm 15 mm 25

5928 412 015 W-FAZ/A4 M12-15/110 M12 110 mm 15 mm 25

Accessories:

Item no. Description

0903 488 512 Set for filling the annular gap WIT-SHB A4 M12,
D14

Using the set for filling the annular gap, its thickness has to be added when calculating the maximum thickness of the fixture.

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Geometry and loads:

Load cases:

Number of load NSd VSdv VSdw MSdu MSdv MSdw Type of Action
case [kN] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]

1 17.110 0.000 -1.710 0.000 0.100 0.000 Normal

Remark: Design actions are given by user.

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Verifications

Overview
Verification method: ETAG 001, Annex C: 2010-08
ETAG 001, Annex E: 2013-04
TR 020: 2004-05
TR 029: 2010-09
TR 045: 2013-02
fib (CEB - FIP) Bulletin 58: Design of anchorages in concrete. 2010-11

For those cases, which are not explicitly regulated by ETAG 001 and by TR 029, the
instructions and recommendations of the fib Bulletin 58 are considered for engineering
judgement. The distribution of shear loads in case of anchorages without hole
clearance is particularly benefiting from the relevant clauses. The results may be taken
for agreements on an individual basis.

Summary
Number of load case Utilization Type of load
combination
Tension Shear Tension/Shear
combination

1 73.34 % 3.56 % 63.48 % Normal

Structural verification successfully completed!

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Verification: Quasi static loads

Resulting anchor forces

i Mx i Mx i Vy i Vz i i i i
Anchor number N Sd,x (V ) Sd,y (V ) Sd,z (V ) Sd,y (V ) Sd,z V Sd,y V Sd,z V Sd
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN]

1 9.4056 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.8550 0.0000 -0.8550 0.8550

2 9.4056 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.8550 0.0000 -0.8550 0.8550

i Mx i Mx i Vy i Vz i i i i
Σ N Sd,x Σ (V ) Sd,y Σ (V ) Sd,z Σ (V ) Sd,y Σ (V ) Sd,z Σ V Sd,y Σ V Sd,z |Σ V Sd|
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN]

Sum 18.8112 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -1.7100 0.0000 -1.7100 1.7100

Coordinates of the position of the tensile (0 mm ; 0 mm)

force (y;z):

Coordinates of the position of the (0 mm ; -57.5 mm)

pressure force (y;z):

Neutral axis (y;z) / (y;z): (-82.5 mm ; -52.5 mm) / (82.5 mm ; -52.5 mm)

Inner lever arm z: 57.5 mm

Maximum concrete compressive strength : 2.75 N/mm²

Safe transmission of the fastener loads by the concrete member to its supports shall be demonstrated for
the ultimate limit state and the serviceability limit state according to EN 1992-1-1. The respective verifications have to be provided
by the responsible structural engineer.

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Ultimate limit state

Required verification of post-installed anchor in tension
1. Steel failure
h
βN,s = N Sd / NRd,s Use of total capacity
h
N Sd = 9.406 kN Design value of the actions
NRd,s = NRk,s / γMs,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
NRk,s = 40.000 kN ETA
γMs,N = 1.50 ETA
NRd,s = 26.667 kN
βN,s = 0.35

2. Pull-out
h
βN,p = N Sd / NRd,p Use of total capacity
h
N Sd = 9.406 kN Design value of the actions
NRd,p = ψc · NRk,p / γMp,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
ψc = 1.2166 ETA
NRk,p = 16.000 kN ETA
γMp,N = 1.50 ETA
NRd,p = 12.977 kN
βN,p = 0.72

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3. Concrete breakout

1, 2 Governing number of anchors

g
βN,c = N Sd / NRd,c Use of total capacity
g
N Sd = 18.811 kN Design value of the actions
NRd,c = NRk,c / γMc,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
0 0
NRk,c = N Rk,c · Ac,N / A c,N · ψs,N · ψre,N · ψec,N ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link] (5.2)
0 0.5 1.5
N Rk,c = k1 · fck,cube · hef ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a) (5.2a)
k1 = 7.20 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a)
hef = 70.0 mm ETA
0
N Rk,c = 25.650 kN
Ac,N = 66150 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b)
0
A c,N = scr,N² = 44100 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b) (5.2b)
ψs,N = 0.7 + 0.3 · c / ccr,N ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4c) (5.2c)
c = ∞ mm
ψs,N = 1.0000
ψre,N = 0.5 + hef / 200.0 mm ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4d) (5.2d)
= 1.0000
ψec,N = ψec,N,y · ψec,N,z
ψec,N,y = 1 / (1 + 2 · eN,y / scr,N) ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4e) (5.2e)
eN,y = 0.0 mm
ψec,N,y = 1.0000
ψec,N,z = 1 / (1 + 2 · eN,z / scr,N) ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4e) (5.2e)
eN,z = 0.0 mm
ψec,N,z = 1.0000
NRk,c = 38.474 kN
γMc,N = 1.50 ETA
NRd,c = 25.650 kN
βN,c = 0.73

4. Splitting failure
No verification is required if at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

a) The edge distance in all directions is c ≥ 1.0 ccr,sp for single fasteners and c ≥ 1.2 ccr,sp for fastener groups and the member
depth is h ≥ 2 hef in both cases.

b) The characteristic resistance for concrete cone failure and pull-out failure is calculated for cracked concrete and reinforcement
resists the splitting forces and limits the crack width to wk ~ 0.3 mm.

Required verification of post-installed anchor in shear

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1. Steel failure, shear load without lever arm

h
βV,s = V Sd / VRd,s Use of total capacity
h
V Sd = 0.855 kN Design value of the actions
VRd,s = VRk,s / γMs,V ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
VRk,s = k2 · 30.000 kN ETA + ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.3.2a)
k2 = 1.00 ETA + ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.3.2a)
γMs,V = 1.25 ETA
VRd,s = 24.000 kN
βV,s = 0.04

2. Concrete pry-out (Anchor group)

1, 2 Governing number of anchors

g
βV,cp = V Sd / VRd,cp Use of total capacity
g
V Sd = 1.710 kN Design value of the actions
VRd,cp = VRk,cp / γMcp,V ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link]
VRk,cp = k · NRk,c ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link] (5.6)
k = 2.40 ETA
0 0
NRk,c = N Rk,c · Ac,V / A c,V · ψs,N · ψre,N · ψec,V ETAG 001, Annex C: [Link] (5.2)
0 0.5 1.5
N Rk,c = k1 · fck,cube · hef ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a) (5.2a)
k1 = 7.20 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4a)
hef = 70.0 mm ETA
0
N Rk,c = 25.650 kN
Ac,V = 66150 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b)
0
A c,V = scr,N² = (210.0 mm)² = 44100 mm² ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4b) (5.2b)
ψs,N = 0.7 + 0.3 · c / ccr,N ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4c) (5.2c)
c = ∞ mm
ccr,N = 105.0 mm
ψs,N = 1.0000
ψre,N = 0.5 + hef / 200.0 mm ≤ 1.0 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4d) (5.2d)
= 1.0000 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4d) (5.2d)
ψec,V = 1 / (1 + 2 · eV / scr,N) ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.2.4e) (5.2e)
eV,y = 0.0 mm
eV,z = 0.0 mm
eV = 0.0 mm
ψec,V = 1.0000
NRk,c = 38.474 kN
VRk,cp = 92.339 kN
γMcp,V = 1.50 ETA
VRd,cp = 61.559 kN
βV,cp = 0.03

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

User: Mobile phone:

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Project name: 23. April 2020
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Required verification of post-installed anchor in combined tension and shear load

Utilization Verification

Tension 73 % βN,max = 0.73 ≤ 1.00 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.4 (5.8a)

Shear 4% βV,max = 0.04 ≤ 1.00 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.4 (5.8b)

1.5 1.5
Tension/Shear combination 63 % βN,max + βV,max = 0.63 ≤ 1.00 ETAG 001, Annex C: 5.2.4 (5.9)

Remarks
• This is a draft verification / recommendation. The anchor should not be installed without a review by a certified structural
engineer.
• This design is only valid if the diameter of the clearance hole is not larger than given in ETAG 001, Annex C, Table 4.1! Check
for further requirements chapter 1.1 of ETAG 001, Annex C in case the diameter of the clearance hole is larger.
• The design is based on numerous anchor-specific values. If the selected anchor will be changed or when the given load values
or geometrical data are being changed, the verification is no longer valid and must be conducted for the new situation. The
requirements and provisions of the European Technical Approval must be considered.
• In an anchor group only anchors of the same type, size and length shall be used.
• Bond strength depends on the short- and long-term service temperature of base material.
• Verify selected base material strength.
• The assumption of a linear distribution of strains is valid only if the fixture is sufficient rigid. The base plate shall remain elastic
under design actions and its deformation shall remain negligible in comparison with the axial displacement of the fasteners. The
determination of the loads acting on the individual anchors and the calculation of the fixture thickness was conducted with these
assumptions. The user has to structurally verify according to related national standards.
• Checking the transfer of loads into the base material is required in accordance with ETAG 001, Annex C: 2010-08, Section 7.
The software considers that the grout is installed under the baseplate without creating air voids and before application of the
loads.
• The list of accessories in this report, is an information only. For a correct installation the setting instructions have to be taken
from the instruction leaflet delivered with each product.

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

User: Mobile phone:

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Project name: 23. April 2020
Client: RBB
Address of project: Page 11 of 13

Servicabilty limit state

Displacements are calculated at the level of the component surface. In case of stand-off anchorages the deflection of the anchor at
the level of anchor plate is not considered.
1. Short-term displacement:

1 Governing anchor
δN = NEd / N0 · δN0 ETA
N = 6.718 kN Design value of the actions
N0 = 7.600 kN ETA
δN0 = 0.400 mm ETA
δN = 0.354 mm

δV = VEd / V0 · δV0 ETA

V = 0.611 kN Design value of the actions
V0 = 17.100 kN ETA
δV0 = 4.000 mm ETA
δV = 0.143 mm

2 2 0.50
δNV = (δN + δV ) = 0.381 mm

2. Long-term displacement:

1 Governing anchor
δN = NEd / N0 · δN∞ ETA
N = 6.718 kN Design value of the actions
N0 = 7.600 kN ETA
δN∞ = 1.400 mm ETA
δN = 1.238 mm

δV = VEd / V0 · δV∞ ETA

V = 0.611 kN Design value of the actions
V0 = 17.100 kN ETA
δV∞ = 5.900 mm ETA
δV = 0.211 mm

2 2 0.50
δNV = (δN + δV ) = 1.255 mm

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

User: Mobile phone:

Company: e-mail:
Position: Internet:
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Project name: 23. April 2020
Client: RBB
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Setting instructions

Base material
Selected type and size of anchor: W-FAZ/A4 M12

Effective anchorage depth: hef = 70 mm

Drill hole depth: h1 = 90 mm

Drill hole diameter: d0 = 12 mm

Minimum component thickness: hmin = 120 mm

Drill:

Nominal drill bit diameter: 12 mm

Working length of the drill bit: ≥ 100 mm

Cleaning required

Instructions referring to the approvals or to the instruction leaflet must be considered.

Cleaning tools according to the list of accessories and Würth Catalogues

Anchor installation

Tightening torque: 50.00 Nm

The input data shall be in compliance with the given data and be checked for plausibility! Würth disclaims liability for wrong input data by user.

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Project name: 23. April 2020
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Anchor plate
Material: S235JR

Yield strength: fyk = 235 N/mm²

Diameter of clearance hole in the fixture: Push-through installation: df ≤ 14 mm

Thickness of anchor plate: t = 10 mm (User input)

Structural steel section

Material: -

Structural steel section: -

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Würth Anchor Design [Link] 120
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Residential Building in Abu Dhabi Item: Curtain Wall
_______________________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 6.0
REFERENCES

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Rev. 0

121
 F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a
F
F V F V F F V V V V

a
V
a a a
F F F F F F F F F F

F
a a a a a a a a a a
9th Floor 9th Floor
SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP

b b b b b b b b b b a
9th Floor
F F F F F F F F F F SP
a a a a a a a a a a
b
F F V F F V V V V
F

a
V
a a a a
HD
F F F F F F F F F

F
a a a a a
8th Floor a a a a 8th Floor

a
8th Floor

in in
in

out
out out

F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
F V F F V F F F V F F F V F F F F

a a a a a HD a a a a a a HD a a
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
8th Floor

GYM
BALCONY

wc.
sh.
sh. wc.

LIFT LOBBY/CORRIDOR

BATH BATH
KITCHEN KITCHEN
MAID BATH
KITCHEN BATH
BATH
MAID
BATH
BATH BATH

in LIVING&DINING

BATH

BEDROOM LIVING&DINING BEDROOM LIVING&DINING BEDROOM BEDROOM

BEDROOM
BEDROOM
out
 SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP

b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
F V F F F V F F V F F V F F V F

a a HD a a a a a a a a a
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Ground Floor Ground Floor Ground Floor G

(mirror of 49)

in in
in

out
out out

SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP SP

b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
F V F V F F V F V F F V F F F

a a a a a a a a a a
HD HD
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Ground Floor Ground Floor Ground Floor Ground Floor

in in in

out out out

SP SP

b b
F F F F F F F
K
TRUC
ROAD ING
ICES PARK
SERV CESS /
AC
a a a a a a a
F V F F F F
VENTILATION
SHAFT
(Make up)
RAMP 8%

Water Feature GUARD

GAS ROOM ROOM
VENTILATION
a a a a a HD HD
SHAFT(Extract)

F F F F F RAMP 8% FIRE
GENERATOR CONTROL
BATH

ETS ROOM

building
MCC ROOM SITTING AREA maintenance
MAIN ENTRANCE
a a a a a a storage
STORE

RECEPTION
Ground Floor Ground Floor Ground Floor
TEL. ROOM
GENERATOR

TO BASEMENT FLOOR

LIFT LOBBY

TO UPPER FLOOR
LOBBY
CORRIDOR

LOBBY

VENT

LIFT
WALK WAY

MAID

VENT DIV BATH

BATH
CCTV ROOM KITCHEN BATH BATH
in MAID
BATH

HV

LV BICYCLE MAINTENANCE
STORE BUILDING BEDROOM
VENTILATION BATH BEDROOM BEDROOM
SHAFT(Extract) STORE
out LIVING&DINING

TRANSF BEDROOM
 F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a
F F F F V F F V F F F V

a HD a a a a a a
HD HD HD
F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a
a a a a a a

(mirror of 13) (mirror of 12) (mirror of 11) (mirror of 10)

in

out

F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
F V F F V F F V F F F V F

a a a a a a a HD a a
F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a
a a a

in in

out out

F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
F V F F F V F F V F F V F F V F

a a a a a a a a a a a
HD
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a
a a a a

in in

out
out

F F F F

a a a a F
BALCONY BALCONY
F V F SP

BEDROOM BEDROOM
HD LIVING&DINING
BEDROOM
LIVING&DINING STUDIO
BE
STUDIO
a a HD b HD STUDIO

F F F SP BATH
BALCONY

KITCHEN
KITCHEN BATH BATH
KITCHEN KITCHEN KITCHEN
a BATH BATH
MAID BATH
a a a BATH
b

STAIRCASE LIFT LOBBY/CORRIDOR

BALCONY
BATH BATH
BATH MAID
KITCHEN KITCHEN KITCHEN

BATH
WC
WC MAID BATH
BATH

BATH
BATH
LIVING&DINING

BATH

BEDROOM BEDROOM
BEDROOM LIVING&DINING BEDROOM BEDROOM
LIVING&DINING

BALCONY
BEDROOM

BALCONY
 F F F F F F

a a a a a a
F F F V F

F F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a a a a a
HD F V F F F V F F V F F

a a a a a a a HD a a a a a a
6th Floor
F F F F F F F F F F F

a a a a a a a a
a a a

in

out

F F F F F F

a a a a a a
F F F F F F

a a a a a a
F F F F F F in

a a a a a a
8th Floor
SP SP SP SP SP SP out

b b b b b b
F F F F F F

a a a a a a
F F F F F F

SP SP

FOLLOW ELEVATION
a a a a a a FOR LOCATION

F F F F F F b b
SP SP BALCONY BALCONY

M
OO
DR
BE
a a a a a a
7th Floor BEDROOM BEDROOM LIVING&DINING STUDIO STUDIO
b b
Roof Floor SP SP
BATH

b b BATH
KITCHEN
SP SP KITCHEN KITCHEN

BATH BATH
MAID
BATH
in F
b b FHC
LIFT LOBBY/CORRIDOR
V F
a BATH
BATH BATH
MAID
KITCHEN KITCHEN KITCHEN
V
out BATH
WC BATH
WC
MAID
BATH
b
BATH
BATH
F F LIVING&DINING

BATH

F
BEDROOM
LIVING&DINING BEDROOM LIVING&DINING
BEDROOM BEDROOM BEDROOM

a a
9th Floor BALCONY BEDROOM

SP SP
a
9th Floor
SP b b FOLLOW ELEVATION
BALCONY
FOR LOCATION

SP SP
b
b b
F
V F
a
V

a
F F
FOLLOW ELEVATION
FOR LOCATION
F

BALCONY BALCONY
a a
8th Floor
SP SP
a
8th Floor
SP b b BEDROOM BEDROOM
LIVING&DINING STUDIO STUDIO

SP SP
b
b b BATH
F
BALCONY

F
KITCHEN
a BATH KITCHEN KITCHEN

V MAID BATH BATH

BATH

LIFT LOBBY/CORRIDOR

BATH BATH
KITCHEN KITCHEN KITCHEN MAID
BATH

MAID

BATH
a
7th Floor BATH
LIVING&DINING BATH

7th Floor
BATH
BEDROOM LIVING&DINING BEDROOM LIVING&DINING BEDROOM BEDROOM
BEDROOM
in BEDROOM
BALCONY

in
FOLLOW ELEVATION FO
FOR LOCATION BALCONY

out

out
P1: JsY
[Link] ASCE003/[Link] October 10, 2005 17:22

Wind Directionality Factor, K d

Table 6-4

Structure Type Directionality Factor Kd*

Buildings
Main Wind Force Resisting System 0.85
Components and Cladding 0.85

Arched Roofs 0.85

Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures

Square
Hexagonal 0.90
Round 0.95
0.95

Solid Signs 0.85

Open Signs and Lattice Framework 0.85

Trussed Towers
Triangular, square, rectangular 0.85
All other cross sections 0.95

*Directionality Factor Kd has been calibrated with combinations of loads

specified in Section 2. This factor shall only be applied when used in
conjunction with load combinations specified in 2.3 and 2.4.

126
80 ASCE 7-05
P1: JsY
[Link] ASCE003/[Link] October 10, 2005 17:22

Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, Kh and Kz

Table 6-3

Exposure (Note 1)
Height above
ground level, z
B C D
ft (m) Case 1 Case 2 Cases 1 & 2 Cases 1 & 2
0-15 (0-4.6) 0.70 0.57 0.85 1.03
20 (6.1) 0.70 0.62 0.90 1.08
25 (7.6) 0.70 0.66 0.94 1.12
30 (9.1) 0.70 0.70 0.98 1.16
40 (12.2) 0.76 0.76 1.04 1.22
50 (15.2) 0.81 0.81 1.09 1.27
60 (18) 0.85 0.85 1.13 1.31
70 (21.3) 0.89 0.89 1.17 1.34
80 (24.4) 0.93 0.93 1.21 1.38
90 (27.4) 0.96 0.96 1.24 1.40
100 (30.5) 0.99 0.99 1.26 1.43
120 (36.6) 1.04 1.04 1.31 1.48
140 (42.7) 1.09 1.09 1.36 1.52
160 (48.8) 1.13 1.13 1.39 1.55
180 (54.9) 1.17 1.17 1.43 1.58
200 (61.0) 1.20 1.20 1.46 1.61
250 (76.2) 1.28 1.28 1.53 1.68
300 (91.4) 1.35 1.35 1.59 1.73
350 (106.7) 1.41 1.41 1.64 1.78
400 (121.9) 1.47 1.47 1.69 1.82
450 (137.2) 1.52 1.52 1.73 1.86
500 (152.4) 1.56 1.56 1.77 1.89
Notes:
1. Case 1: a. All components and cladding.
b. Main wind force resisting system in low-rise buildings designed using Figure 6-10.
Case 2: a. All main wind force resisting systems in buildings except those in low-rise buildings
designed using Figure 6-10.
b. All main wind force resisting systems in other structures.
2. The velocity pressure exposure coefficient Kz may be determined from the following formula:
For 15 ft. ≤ z ≤ zg For z < 15 ft.
2/α
Kz = 2.01 (z/zg) Kz = 2.01 (15/zg)2/α
Note: z shall not be taken less than 30 feet for Case 1 in exposure B.
3. α and zg are tabulated in Table 6-2.
4. Linear interpolation for intermediate values of height z is acceptable.
5. Exposure categories are defined in 6.5.6.

127
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures 79
P1: JsY
[Link] ASCE003/[Link] October 10, 2005 17:22

128
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures 65
P1: JsY
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129
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures 47
 E1300 − 16

X4. LOAD DURATION FACTORS

X4.1 The purpose of Appendix X4 is to convert a calculated To convert, multiply the LR by the factor in Table X4.1.
3-s LR to a load duration listed in Table X4.1.

TABLE X4.1 Load Duration Factors

NOTE 1—Calculated to 8/1000 lites probability of breakage (see 3.2.11).
Duration Factor
3s 1.00
10 s 0.93
60 s 0.83
10 min 0.72
60 min 0.64
12 h 0.55
24 h 0.53
1 week 0.47
1 month (30 days) 0.43
1 year 0.36
beyond 1 year 0.31

X5. COMBINING LOADS OF DIFFERENT DURATION

X5.1 The purpose of Appendix X5 is to present an approxi-

mate technique to determine a design load which represents the q3 5
i5j

(q
i51
i F G
di
3
1/n
(X5.1)
combined effects of j loads of different duration. All loads are
considered normal to the glass surface. where:
q3 = the magnitude of the 3-s duration uniform load,
X5.2 Identify each load qi, and its associated duration, di, qI = the magnitude of the load having duration di, and
given in seconds for j loads. Use the following equation to n = 16 for AN glass.
calculate the equivalent 3-s duration design load:

X6. APPROXIMATE MAXIMUM SURFACE STRESS TO BE USED WITH INDEPENDENT STRESS ANALYSES

X6.1 The purpose of Appendix X6 is to provide a conser- failure prediction that was used to develop the NFL charts in
vative technique for estimating the maximum allowable sur- Section 6.
face stress associated with glass lites continuously supported
along all edges of the lite. The maximum allowable stress
(allowable) is a function of area (A), load duration in seconds
σ allowable 5 S@ Pb
k ~ d/3 ! 7/n *A # D 1/7
(X6.1)

(d), and probability of breakage (Pb). where:

X6.2 This maximum allowable surface stress can be used σallowable = maximum allowable surface stress,
Pb = probability of breakage,
for the design of special glass shapes and loads not covered
k = a surface flaw parameter,
elsewhere in this practice. This includes trapezoids, circular, d = the duration of the loading,
triangular, and other odd shapes. A conservative allowable A = the glass surface area, and
surface stress value for a 3-s duration load is 23.3 MPa n = 16 for AN glass.
(3 380 psi) for AN glass, 46.6 MPa (6 750 psi) for heat-
strengthened glass, and 93.1 MPa (13 500 psi) for FT glass. X6.5 The NFLs that are determined in this manner should
be conservative with respect to the values presented in Section
X6.3 The maximum surface stress in the glass lite should be
calculated using rigorous engineering analysis, which takes 6.
into account large deflections, when required. This maximum
X6.6 Eq X6.1 is applicable where the probability of break-
calculated stress must be less than the maximum allowable
age (Pb) is less than 0.05. (Note that Section 6 references a Pb
stress.
less than or equal to 0.008.)
X6.4 Maximum allowable surface stress is calculated using
the following equation which has its basis in the same glass

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59
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 E1300 − 16

X7. APPROXIMATE MAXIMUM EDGE STRESS FOR GLASS

X7.1 The purpose of Appendix X7 is to provide an estimate X7.2 This approximate maximum allowable edge stress can
for the approximate maximum allowable edge stress (allow- be used for the design of glass shapes and support conditions
able) for glass lites associated with a maximum probability of where edge stress is significant. This includes applications
breakage (Pb) less than or equal to 0.008 for a 3-s load duration where the glass is not supported on one or more edges. An
(7). approximate allowable edge stress value for a 3-s duration can
be found in Table X7.1.
TABLE X7.1 Allowable Edge Stress
Clean Cut Edges, Seamed Edges, Polished Edges, X7.3 The approximate maximum edge stress in the glass lite
MPa (psi) MPa (psi) MPa (psi) should be calculated using rigorous engineering analysis,
Annealed 16.6 (2400) 18.3 (2650) 20.0 (2900)
Heat-strengthened N/AA 36.5 (5300) 36.5 (5300)
which takes into account large deflections, when required. This
Tempered N/A 73.0 (10 600) 73.0 (10 600) maximum calculated stress must be less than the maximum
A
N ⁄A–Not Applicable. allowable stress.

X8. METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING EQUIVALENCY OF NON-POLYVINYL BUTYRAL (PVB) POLYMER INTERLAYERS

X8.1 The purpose of Appendix X8 is to provide a criterion 1.5 MPa (218 psi), at 50°C (122°F) under an equivalent 3-s
for specifying when the non-factored LR charts for PVB LG load. The Young’s modulus value should be determined fol-
may be used for LG made with plastic interlayers other than lowing Practice D4065. The forced constant amplitude, fixed
PVB. frequency tension oscillation test specified in Table 1 of
Practice D4065 should be used and the storage Young’s
X8.2 The NFL charts for PVB LG have been derived from modulus measured at 50°C (122°F) under a 0.3 Hz sinusoidal
a stress analysis that incorporates a viscoelastic model for the loading condition.
plastic interlayer (8). The viscoelastic model accurately de- X8.3.1 If the shear modulus of the non-PVB polymer
scribes the evolution of polymer shear modulus at 50°C interlayer is greater than or equal to 0.4 MPa (the shear
(122°F) under load duration of 3 s. The PVB interlayer can be modulus of PVB at 50°C (122°F)), then the non-PVB inter-
characterized with an effective Young’s modulus of 1.5 MPa layer is considered equivalent to PVB and the NFL charts for
(218 psi) for these conditions. This Young’s modulus value is PVB laminates can be used to determine the LR of the
a lower bound of the known values for the commercially non-PVB interlayer glass laminate.
available PVB interlayers at 50°C (122°F) after 3-s load
duration. X8.4 This specification can only be applied to interlayer that
are monolithic, or become monolithic with processing and
X8.3 For LG made with non-PVB plastic interlayers, the have a thickness greater than 0.38 mm (0.015 in.). Interlayers
non-factored LR charts for PVB LG may be used if the plastic comprised of differing polymers in multiple layers are not
interlayer has a Young’s modulus greater than or equal to covered in this procedure.

X9. METHOD FOR DETERMINING EFFECTIVE THICKNESS OF LAMINATED GLASS FOR ANALYSIS
OF STRESSES AND DEFLECTION

X9.1 The purpose of Appendix X9 is to provide engineering nated glass for cases not covered by the non-factored load
formula for calculating the effective thickness of laminated charts.
glass. Two different effective laminate thickness values are
determined for a specific case: (1) an effective thickness, hef;w, X9.2 The shear transfer coefficient, Γ, which is a measure of
for use in calculations of laminate deflection, and (2) an the transfer of shear stresses across the interlayer, is given by:
effective laminate thickness, h1,e,σ for use is calculations of 1
laminate glass stress. These effective thickness values can be Γ5 (X9.1)
EIs h v
used with standard engineering formulae or finite element 119.6
Gh2s a 2
methods for calculating both deflection and glass stress of with:
laminates subjected to load. The method applies to 2-ply
laminates fabricated from both equal and unequal thickness I s 5 h 1 h 2s;2 1h 2 h 2s;1 (X9.2)
glass plies. The intent of Appendix X9 is to provide a method h sh 1
h s;1 5 (X9.3)
that allows the user to perform engineering analysis of lami- h 1 1h 2

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60
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VII-72

Sec.
Type of Stress Type of Member or Element Allowable Stress
3.4. ALLO
gross section 15
TENSION, axial Any tension member
net section
1
15
8.5 BUILD
Flat elements in uniform tension 2 15 4.8
TENSION 6063-
IN BEAMS, Round or oval tubes 3 18 5.5
extreme fiber,
net section Flat elements in bending in their own plane,
4 20 6.5 White bars apply
symmetric shapes
On rivets and bolts 5 31 17 Shaded bars app
BEARING For tubes with ci
On flat surfaces and pins and on bolts in slotted holes 6 21 11.5
[Link] apply fo
Allowable
Sec. Allowable Stre
Type of Stress Type of Member or Element Stress, S1
3.4. S1 < S < S2
S < S1
COMPRESSION – 0 14.2 – 0.074 kL/r
IN COLUMNS, All columns 7
axial – 0 4.5 – 0.016 kL/r

15 2.1 16.1 – 0.458 b/t

Flat elements supported on one edge –
8
columns buckling about a symmetry axis
4.8 3.3 5.2 – 0.102 b/t

Flat elements supported on one edge – 15 2.1 16.1 – 0.458 b/t

8.1
columns not buckling about a symmetry axis 4.8 3.3 5.2 – 0.102 b/t

15 6.7 16.1 – 0.144 b/t

Flat elements supported on both edges 9
COMPRESSION 4.8 10 5.2 – 0.032 b/t
IN COLUMN
ELEMENTS,
Flat elements supported
gross section 9.1 see Part
on one edge and with
stiffener on other edge

Flat elements supported on both edges

9.2 see Part
and with an intermediate stiffener
January 2005

____
15 0.9 15.6 – 0.502 √Rb/t
Curved elements supported on both edges 10 ____
4.8 5.4 5.2 – 0.140 √Rb/t
January 2005

15 22 16.7 – 0.073 Lb/ry

Single web shapes 11
4.8 27 5.3 – 0.016 Lb/ry
____
18 35 27.7 – 1.70 √Rb/t
Round or oval tubes 12 ____
5.5 81 9.2 – 0.389 √Rb/t
COMPRESSION ___
IN BEAMS,
extreme fiber, 13
20 15 √
Lb
d __
27.9 – 0.531 __
t d
___
Solid rectangular and round sections
gross section 6.5 22 8.1 – 0.083 __ √
Lb
d __
t d
___

Tubular shapes 14
15 130 16.7 – 0.140
√√
___
bS
2L__
____
Iy

4.8 203 5.3 – 0.030

√√ bS
2L__
____
Iy
15 7.2 19.0 – 0.541 b/t
Flat elements supported on one edge 15
4.8 11 6.1 – 0.121 b/t

15 23 19.0 – 0.170 b/t

Flat elements supported on both edges 16
4.8 34 6.1 – 0.038 b/t
COMPRESSION
____
IN BEAM √Rb/t
18 1.6 18.5 – 0.593
ELEMENTS,
Curved elements supported on both edges 16.1
(element in ____
uniform 5.5 7.2 6.1 – 0.165 √Rb/t
compression),
gross section Flat elements supported on
one edge and with stiffener 16.2 see Part I
on other edge

Flat elements supported on both

edges and with an 16.3 see Part I
intermediate stiffener

Flat elements supported on tension edge, 20 10 27.9 – 0.808 b/t

17
COMPRESSION compression edge free 6.5 14 8.1 – 0.126 b/t
IN BEAM
ELEMENTS, 20 53 27.9 – 0.155 h/t
Flat elements supported on both edges 18
(element in
6.5 74 8.1 – 0.024 h/t
bending in own
plane), gross 20 123 27.9 – 0.067 h/t
section Flat elements supported on both edges
19
and with a longitudinal stiffener
6.5 172 8.1 – 0.010 h/t
Unstiffened flat elements supported 8.5 39 11.0 – 0.059 h/t
SHEAR IN 20
on both edges 2.8 57 3.6 – 0.013 h/t
VII-73

ELEMENTS,
Stiffened flat elements supported 8.5 – 8.5
gross section 21
on both edges 2.8 116 4.9 – 0.018 ae/t
Allowable Loads of Grade A2-70 Stainless Steel Bolt from AAMA TIR A9-91 (6063-T6 Ply)
AAMA TIR A9-91 Metal Curtain Wall Fasteners
Aluminum Design Manual 2010

S tress area As Thread root Pt = Allowable Ps = Allowable Pbb = Allowable Bearing (kN) a
Bolt S ize Pitch 2 2
(mm ) area Ar (mm ) Tension (kN) S hear (kN) 1.3 2 2.6 3 3.5
4.8 0.8 11.3 9.8 3.16 1.59 1.33 2.05 2.67 3.08 3.59
5.5 1 15.6 13.8 4.37 2.23 1.53 2.35 3.06 3.53 4.11
6.35 1.25 20.5 18.1 5.75 2.92 1.76 2.71 3.53 4.07 4.75
M 6 1 19.8 17.9 5.54 2.89 1.67 2.56 3.33 3.85 4.49
M 8 1.25 36.1 32.8 10.11 5.30 2.22 3.42 4.45 5.13 5.98
M 10 1.5 57.3 52.3 16.04 8.45 2.78 4.27 5.56 6.41 7.48
M 12 1.75 83.2 76.2 23.30 12.32 3.33 5.13 6.67 7.69 8.98
M 16 2 155.1 144.1 43.43 23.29 4.45 6.84 8.89 10.26 11.9
M 20 2.5 242.3 225.2 67.844 36.41 5.56 8.55 11.11 12.82 14.9

Alloy "6063-T6" Aluminum Alloy and Temper Pt = Ft As Allow

AAMA

Bolt_Grade "A2-70" Bolt Grade

Ps = Fv Ar Allow
AAMA
Ub 700 MPa Minimum tensile strength of bolt
Pbb = Fb Db tp Alllow
Yb 450 MPa Minimum yield strength of bolt Db
tp
Ft 280 MPa Allowable tensile stress of bolt 2.5Db
AAMA TIR A9-91 Section 6
2 Db
Fv 161.66 MPa Allowable shear stress of bolt AAMA
AAMA TIR A9-91 Section 6 Alumi
2 2
Fb 213.74 MPa Allowable bearing stress at bolt holes for alum Fs Ft
AAMA TIR A9-91 Section 7 1.0 Comb
Ps Pt AAMA