Unit 3: Rational Function
EAM
4th year - 2024
Prof. Dolores Bosch
1) A large mixing tank currently contains 100 gallons of water into which 5 pounds of sugar have
been mixed. A tap will open pouring 10 gallons of water per minute into the tank at the same time
sugar is poured into the tank at a rate of 1 pound per minute.
a) Find the amount of water W and the amount of sugar S as a function of time.
b) Find the concentration C as a ratio of sugar to water in the tank as a function of time.
c) Find the concentration of sugar in the tank after 12 minutes. Is that a greater concentration than
at the beginning?
d) Estimate the concentration in the long term.
2) Given the following functions, find: a) Domain b) Equation of the asymptotes (if applicable)
c) Intersection with the coordinate axes (x and y- intercepts) d) Plot a graph e) Range set
f) Sets of Positivity and negativity.
a) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) = f) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) =
( )
b) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) = g) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) =
c) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) = h) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) =
d) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) = i) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) = −1
e) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) =
3) Determine the linear rational functions whose graphs are the following (in standard form and in
general form)
a)
b)
4) Lola runs an e-commerce company and plans to manufacture her best-selling shampoo bar to
scale her business. She predicts that the fixed monthly cost of manufacturing her shampoo bars
will be 3000 dollars. It costs Lola 4.80 dollars to produce each shampoo bar.
a) If C represents the total cost of producing x shampoo bars, what is the expression for C(x).
b) If A represents the average cost of producing x shampoo bars, what is the expression for A(x)
c) Find the values of A(100), A(1000), A(1500). What do these values represent?
d) Determine the horizontal asymptote of the graph of A(x). What does it represent in terms of
Lola´s company and the bars she manufactures? Sketch a graph of A.
5) Find the expression of a linear rational function whose graph has (2; −1) as its centre of
symmetry and intersects the y-axis at − .
6) Write the standard and general form of a linear rational function that satisfies the following
conditions: a) = − {− }, = − {2} and the graph passes through point (−1; −9)
b) : increasing function, = (−2 ; ) and (0) = −
c) : decreasing function, =( ; ) and the point = (1; −3) belongs to its graph.
7) Find in each case the expression of a rational
function whose graph is as follows:
a) b)
8) Given the following functions, find: a) Domain b) Equation of the asymptotes (if applicable)
c) Intersection with the coordinate axes (x and y- intercepts) d) Plot a graph e) Range set
f) Sets of Positivity and negativity.
a) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) = b) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) =
c) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) = d) : ⊆ ℝ ⟶ ℝ⁄ ( ) =
9) Considering the expression of the function of exercise 3- b),
a) From the graph, write the sets of positivity and negativity.
b) Solve analytically: ( ) > 0
10) Considering the expression of the function of exercise 3- a),
a) Based on the graph, write the solution set for which ( ) > 3 .
b) Solve it analytically.
11) Solve the following inequalities analytically and write the solution set:
a) ≥0 b) >0 c) <0 d) ≥0
12) Simplify the expressions and state the domain of definition:
a) + − = b) . : =
13) Solve the following equations by indicating the condition of existence (C.E.):
a) − = + b) − =
c) − = d) − =
e) . = ∶ f) − =
g) − = h) − =
Answers:
1) Concentration refers to the amount of solute (in this case, sugar) dissolved in a given quantity of solvent
(in this case, water). It is a measure of how much solute is present in a solution.
When a mixture is described as being more concentrated, it means that there is a higher proportion of
solute in relation to the solvent. In other words, the amount of solute dissolved in the given quantity of
solvent is relatively higher compared to a less concentrated mixture.
A more concentrated mixture typically has a greater amount of solute per unit of solvent or solution. It
may appear stronger, denser, or more saturated, depending on the specific substance being dissolved. For
example, if you have two sugar solutions, one with 10 grams of sugar dissolved in 100 millilitres of water
and another with 20 grams of sugar dissolved in the same 100 millilitres of water, the second solution
would be more concentrated because it contains a higher amount of sugar within the same volume of
water.
In summary, a more concentrated mixture means that there is a higher ratio of solute to solvent, resulting
in a stronger or denser solution.
2) a) ( )= b) ( ) =
3) 4) ) ( ) = ) ( ) = 63 +12
−2
( )= −
) ( ) = 42 −1
−3
5) ) ( )= ) ( )=
9) a) [−6 ; − ) b) (−∞, 2) ∪ ( ; +∞) c) ( −3 ; ) d) −∞ ; − ∪( ; +∞)
10) a) 0 b) 1
11) a) = {−3; 18} b) S= c) = − ;2 d) = {−1; 1}
e) = {−3} f) = {−1} g) = {−6; 5} h) = {−√29; √29}