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Notes - Political Science (Third Class)

The document outlines the concept of planned development in India, highlighting its goals of economic growth and social justice post-independence, alongside the establishment of the Planning Commission and the formulation of Five-Year Plans. It also discusses India's foreign policy principles, including non-alignment and Panchsheel, while addressing challenges and achievements in international relations. Key features include a focus on industrialization, agriculture, and maintaining sovereignty and security.

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MD Saqib Raza
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4 views4 pages

Notes - Political Science (Third Class)

The document outlines the concept of planned development in India, highlighting its goals of economic growth and social justice post-independence, alongside the establishment of the Planning Commission and the formulation of Five-Year Plans. It also discusses India's foreign policy principles, including non-alignment and Panchsheel, while addressing challenges and achievements in international relations. Key features include a focus on industrialization, agriculture, and maintaining sovereignty and security.

Uploaded by

MD Saqib Raza
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Meaning of Planned Development

• Planned development refers to systematic economic planning by the government


to achieve growth and social justice.
• India adopted planning after independence to overcome:
o Poverty
o Unemployment
o Economic backwardness

2. Why Planning Was Needed?

• Colonial economy was underdeveloped


• Lack of industries
• Agricultural dependence
• Unequal distribution of wealth

3. Planning Commission

• Established in 1950 by the Government of India


• Key role:
o Formulating Five-Year Plans
o Allocating resources

4. Five-Year Plans

First Five-Year Plan (1951–56)

• Focus: Agriculture & Irrigation


• Aim: Food security

Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61)

• Based on Mahalanobis Model


• Focus: Heavy industries

Key Economist:

• P. C. Mahalanobis

5. Economic Models Debated

(A) Socialist Model

• State control over economy


• Public sector dominance

(B) Capitalist Model


• Private sector-led growth

(C) Mixed Economy (India’s Choice)

• Combination of both
• Public + Private sectors coexist

6. Key Features of Indian Planning

• Focus on:
o Industrialization
o Agriculture
o Public sector growth
• Reduction of inequality
• Welfare orientation

7. Achievements of Planned Development

• Growth in industries
• Expansion of infrastructure
• Self-reliance in food production (later years)

8. Limitations

• Slow growth (Hindu rate of growth)


• Inefficiency in public sector
• Poverty not fully removed

PART 2: INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

1. Meaning of Foreign Policy

• A set of principles guiding a country’s relations with other nations.

2. Objectives of India’s Foreign Policy

• Maintain sovereignty and security


• Promote peace and cooperation
• Support decolonization
• Economic development

3. Principles of Foreign Policy

(A) Non-Alignment
• India did not join any military bloc during the Cold War

Key Concept:

• Non-Aligned Movement

Leaders:

• Jawaharlal Nehru
• Josip Broz Tito
• Gamal Abdel Nasser

(B) Panchsheel (1954)

Agreement between India and China

Five Principles:

1. Mutual respect for sovereignty


2. Non-aggression
3. Non-interference
4. Equality
5. Peaceful coexistence

4. Role in International Affairs

• Supported anti-colonial movements


• Active in United Nations
• Promoted global peace

5. India and Its Neighbours

• Friendly relations but faced challenges:


o China conflict (1962)
o Pakistan conflicts

6. Challenges in Foreign Policy

• Cold War pressure (USA vs USSR)


• Border disputes
• Security concerns

7. Achievements

• Maintained independent foreign policy


• Gained global respect
• Leadership in developing countries

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