Lecture 1:

SRS (System Requirement Specifications):

This is a Document that developer writes for Client. It consists of Introduction,
Functional Requirements and Non-Functional Requirements of Project.

 Functional Requirements:
These are Requirements which describe the functioning of System.

 Non-Functional Requirements:
These are requirements that system actually performs and attempt to
improve its functionality.

Algorithms:
It is a set/sequence of instruction or steps to solve a problem and produce desired
result. It is executed in sequence.

Flow Chart:
A flowchart is a diagram that depicts a process, system or computer algorithm. It
represents every step as a symbol.
Sequence Diagram:
A sequence diagram shows process interactions arranged in time
sequence. It shows sequence of a problem through a diagram. In addition,
it tells us what will software do if a step has failed.

Gantt Chart:
A Gantt chart is defined as a graphical representation of activity against time OR It
is a diagram which tells us about the timeline of the project through graph.
Example C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){

cout << "Hello World";

}

Structure of the Body

Lecture 3
Data types:
A data type is an attribute associated with a piece of data that tells a computer
system how to interpret its value. OR It describes type of value stored in a
variable.
 Int (0,1,2………) Numeric or Integer
 Float (1.1, 2.4, 5.6, 7.8, ……) Decimals
 Char (‘a’, ‘x’, ……) Variable or Alphabets
 String (Player_06) Alphanumeric
 Bool (True, False)

Code 1
#include <iostream> Double quote will print the same
using namespace std; variable as it is and without quote it
will print is saved value.
int main(){
float x; Note
x = 10.23;
cout << x;
char b;
b = 'h';
cout << b;
string c;
c = "Player no 19";
cout << c;
}
Operators:
It is a character that represents a specific mathematical or logical action or
process. OR they are used to perform some operations on variables.

1. Arithmetic Operators (+, -, /, % (Mod))

2. Logical Operators (AND &&, OR ||,
NOT!)
3. Concatenation Operators (+) Arithmetic + Modulus
Single = is a assignment
4. Increment/ Decrement Operators (++, --) Operator
5. Relational Operators (<, >, <=, >=, ==, !=) == is a Equal to Operator

1.
Addition
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
int x,y,z;
x = 10;
y = 20;
z = x+y;
cout << z;
}
 Subtraction
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
int x,y,z;
x = 70;
y = 30;
z = x-y;
cout << z;
}

Multiplication
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
int x,y,z;
x = 7;
y = 5;
z = x*y;
cout << z;
}

Division
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
int x,y,z;
x = 45;
y = 5;
z = x/y;
cout << z;
}

Modulus
Modulus is a remainder after
#include <iostream> Division
using namespace std;

int main(){
int x,y,z;
x = 10;
y = 5;
z = x%y;
cout << z;
}
3.
#include <iostream>
Two Different data types can never mismatch
using namespace std;
int main(){
string f_name, l_name, full_name;
f_name = "Ali";
l_name = "Raza";
 full_name = f_name + l_name;
cout << full_name;
}

4.
Increment ++x is a pre-increment
#include <iostream>
x++ is a post-increment
using namespace std;

int main(){
int x;
x = 10;
x++;
cout << x;
}

Decrement --x is a pre-decrement

#include <iostream>
x-- is a post-decrement
using namespace std;

int main(){
int x;
x = 10;
x--;
cout << x;
}
Lecture 4
Decision Structure
A decision structure is a construct in a computer program that
allows the program to make a decision and change its behavior based on that
decision. OR It is used to change the flow of program according to the given
conditions.
Following are given decision structures. If a Condition becomes false it will
be ignored and remaining will be
 IF
executed.
 IF-ELSE
 Switch Same as in Example 4.1

 Nested Decision Structure

Example 4.1

By the Program By the User

#include
#include <iostream>
<iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace
std;
int main(){
int x;
int main(){
cout << "Enter the value in
int x;
number";
x = 10;
cin >> x;
if(x > 50){
if(x > 50){
cout << "Yes";
cout << "Yes";
}
}
cout << "Here";
cout << "Here";
}
}
Example 4.2

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
int a,b;
cout << "Enter First Value ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Enter Second Value";
cin >> b;
if(a > b){
cout << "First Value is Greater";
}
if (a == b){
cout << "Both are Equal";
}
else{
cout << "Second Value is Greater";
}
}

Lecture 5
Switches
It is the statement that allows a variable to be tested against a list
of values for equality. The value in the switch is termed as a case, and hence
the variable being switched on is checked against the case.

If we compare more than one choices then we use switches. They are faster
then if-else because when case is true program terminates.

Example 5.1
#include <iostream>
Using namespace std;
Int main () {
Int day;
 Cout << “Enter Day In Numbers”;
Cin >> day;
Switch (day) {
Case 1:
Cout << “Monday”;
Break;
Case 2:
Cout << “Tuesday”;
Break;
Case 3:
Cout << “Wednesday”;
Break;
Case 4:
Cout << “Thursday”;
Break;
Case 5:
Cout << “Friday”;
Break;
Case 6:
Cout << “Saturday”;
Break;
Case 7:
Cout << “Sunday”;
Break;
Default:
Cout<< “Enter a valid day”;
Break;
}
}

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