Chapter: Development – Notes and 1–5 Mark
Questions & Answers
Short Notes
Meaning of Development: Development means improvement in the quality of life of people. It
includes better income, education, health, freedom, and equality.
Different People, Different Goals: Development goals are different for different people. For
example, a farmer may want higher crop prices while a worker may want more job opportunities.
Rich Countries and Poor Countries: Countries with high income, better health, and education
facilities are called rich or developed countries. Countries with lower income and fewer facilities are
called poor or developing countries.
National Income: National income is the total income earned by all people of a country in one year.
GDP (Gross Domestic Product): GDP is the total value of all final goods and services produced
within a country during one year.
Per Capita Income: Per capita income means the average income of a person in a country. It is
calculated by dividing total income of the country by its population.
IMR (Infant Mortality Rate): IMR shows the number of children who die before the age of one year
per 1000 live births.
Literacy Rate: Literacy rate is the percentage of people who can read and write in a country.
Net Attendance Ratio: It shows the percentage of children in the age group who are attending
school compared to the total children of that age group.
Kerala's Better Ranking: Kerala has better human development because of high literacy rate,
good healthcare, and high life expectancy.
BMI (Body Mass Index): BMI is a measure used to check whether a person's weight is healthy
according to their height.
HDI (Human Development Index): HDI measures development based on income, health, and
education.
HDR (Human Development Report): HDR is a report published by the United Nations that ranks
countries based on HDI.
Sustainable Development: Sustainable development means development that meets present
needs without harming the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Important Questions & Answers (1–5 Marks)
1 Mark Question: What is development?
Answer: Development means improvement in people's quality of life.
1 Mark Question: What is per capita income?
Answer: Average income of a person in a country.
2 Mark Question: Why do different people have different development goals?
Answer: Because people have different needs and situations. What is beneficial for one person
may not be beneficial for another.
2 Mark Question: What is national income?
Answer: The total income earned by all people of a country in one year.
3 Mark Question: Write three indicators of development.
Answer: 1. Income or per capita income 2. Health conditions 3. Education level
3 Mark Question: What is IMR?
Answer: Infant Mortality Rate is the number of babies who die before the age of one year per 1000
live births.
4 Mark Question: Explain HDI.
Answer: Human Development Index measures development of countries using three factors:
income, education, and health. It helps compare development levels between countries.
4 Mark Question: Why is Kerala considered developed?
Answer: Kerala has high literacy rate, good health services, and higher life expectancy compared
to many other states.
5 Mark Question: Explain sustainable development.
Answer: Sustainable development means using resources carefully so that present needs are met
without harming the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It focuses on protecting
environment, saving resources, and long■term development.