CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
Problem Set #1 — Steel Design Formats, Tension Members
1/ Determine the critical load combination and maximum moment for the two story one bay frame
by using the moment diagrams given below. Report values for LRFD and ASD separately. Report the
followings:
a/ Maximum positive moment for the second story beam.
b/ Maximum negative moment for the second story beam.
c/ Maximum moment for the column A.
CE 388 Problem Set #1 1/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
Load Combinations
LRFD ASD
1.4D 1.0D
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5 (Lr or S or R) 1.0D + 1.0L
1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.5W) 1.0D + 1.0(Lr or S or R)
1.2D + 1.0W + 1.0L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 1.0D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L + 0.2S 1.0D + (0.6W or 0.7E)
0.9D + 1.0W 1.0D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.6W) + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
0.9D + 1.0E 1.0D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7E) + 0.75S
0.6D + 0.6W
0.6D + 0.7E
Loading
L
D E
(1 kN/m)
10
Lr S W
(0.2 kN/m) (2 kN/m) (2 kN/m)
CE 388 Problem Set #1 2/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
Figure 1 Moment Diagram due to Dead Load (kN∙m).
Figure 2 Moment Diagram due to Live Load (kN∙m).
CE 388 Problem Set #1 3/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
Figure 3 Moment Diagram due to Earthquake Load (kN∙m).
Figure 4 Moment Diagram due to Wind Load (kN∙m).
CE 388 Problem Set #1 4/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
Figure 5 Moment Diagram due to Snow Load (kN∙m).
Figure 6 Moment Diagram due to Roof Live Load (Lr) (kN∙m).
CE 388 Problem Set #1 5/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
2/ For the angle sections shown below calculate the following properties and compare it with the
tabulated values. Comment on your findings.
a/ Location of centroid (𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 and 𝑦𝑦𝑠𝑠 )
b/ Moment of inertia with respect to x and y axes (𝐼𝐼𝑥𝑥 and 𝐼𝐼𝑦𝑦 )
c/ Radius of gyration with respect to x and y axes (𝑟𝑟𝑥𝑥 and 𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦 )
d/ Moment of inertia with respect to the principal axes u and v (𝐼𝐼𝑢𝑢 and 𝐼𝐼𝑣𝑣 )
e/ Radius of gyration with respect to u and v axes (𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑢 and 𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣 )
f/ Angle α between y‐y and v‐v axes
Case h (mm) b (mm) t (mm)
A 120 120 12
B 200 100 12
CE 388 Problem Set #1 6/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
𝑃𝑃
3/ Calculate design tensile strength (𝜙𝜙𝑡𝑡 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 ) and allowable tensile strength ( 𝑛𝑛�Ω) based on yield of
gross section and fracture of net section.
S275 Steel (Fy = 275 MPa and Fu = 430 MPa) and M16 Bolts (Standard Holes)
𝑃𝑃
4/ Calculate design tensile strength (𝜙𝜙𝑡𝑡 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 ) and allowable tensile strength ( 𝑛𝑛�Ω) based on yield of
gross section and fracture of net section (Assume gusset plate is OK).
S355 Steel (Fy = 355 MPa and Fu = 510 MPa) and M16 Bolts (Standard Holes).
CE 388 Problem Set #1 7/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
5/ Compute effective net area (𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒 ) for the I-shaped tension members shown below.
a/
M22 bolts (Standard Holes)
b/
CE 388 Problem Set #1 8/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
6/ An I-shape tension member is required to carry a load of 4500 kN determined according to LRFD
load combinations. The member end is connected using two gusset plates. Find the lightest HEA, HEB
or HEM sections of S235 Steel. (Fy = 235 Mpa, Fu = 360 MPa) Demonstrate that your member satisfies
yield, fracture and block shear. Assume gusset plates are OK. Compare the weight of sections.
M22 bolts (Standard Holes)
7/ For the tension member shown below determine if the member is able to safely carry the applied
loads. Given loads are service loads (i.e., unfactored loads). Use LRFD and ASD load combinations,
separately and compare your findings. Gusset plates are OK.
M20 Bolts Standard Holes
S275 Steel Fy = 275 MPa, Fu = 430 MPa
Determine the maximum length (𝐿𝐿𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ) preferred for this tension member.
D = 150 kN, L = 250 kN (D: Dead Load, L: Live Load)
CE 388 Problem Set #1 9/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
8/ Check whether the tension member shown below is able to safely carry the applied loads. Use
LRFD and ASD separately. Gusset plates and welded connections are OK. Calculate also the maximum
length (𝐿𝐿𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ) preferred for this tension member.
Ru = 1000 kN (required strength using LRFD load combination)
Ra = 500 kN (required strength using ASD load combination)
S275 Steel Fy = 275 MPa, Fu = 430 MPa
9/ A UPN 300 tension member is shown below. All bolts are M24 (Standard holes). S275 Steel (Fy =
275 MPa, Fu = 430 MPa). Determine design tensile strength (𝜙𝜙𝑡𝑡 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 ) according to AISC360-16
provisions. Consider all possible limit states. Assume that the gusset plate is OK.
CE 388 Problem Set #1 10/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
10/ A steel plate used as a tension member is connected to a gusset plate using 3M20 bolts, as
shown.
𝑃𝑃
a/ Calculate the allowable tensile strength ( 𝑛𝑛�Ω ) and the ultimate tensile strength (𝜙𝜙𝑡𝑡 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 ) of
𝑡𝑡
the 10 mm thick plate for each of the three possible fracture paths indicated.
𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛
b/ What are the allowable tensile load (𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎 = �Ω ) and the ultimate tensile load (𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 = 𝜙𝜙𝑡𝑡 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 )
𝑡𝑡
that the plate can carry safely?
Plates are grade S235 steel (Fu = 360 MPa). Do not check block shear mode of failure. The gusset
plate is strong enough. So, do not check it.
11/ Determine the design tensile strength (𝜙𝜙𝑡𝑡 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 ) of the tension member shown below according to
AISC360 provisions. The member is made from S355 Steel (Fu = 510 MPa). End of the member is
connected to a gusset plate with four M16 bolts (in standard holes). Consider all possible limit states
for the angle section (you don’t need to check the gusset plate capacity).
CE 388 Problem Set #1 11/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
12/ A built-up section tension member shown below is connected to two plates from its flanges.
There are six M20 diameter bolts in each flange.
a/ Determine the design tensile strength of the built-up section tension member according to
AISC LRFD approach.
b/ If a Dead Load of PDL = 500 kN is applied, what would be the maximum Live Load, PLL, that the
member can safely carry according to AISC LRFD approach.
Use 1.2PDL+1.6PLL load combination.
S275 steel: Fy = 275 MPa, Fu = 430 MPa
CE 388 Problem Set #1 12/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
13/ Girder ABCD is supported by the link elements BE and CF, as shown. Self-weight and cover load
along the girder is calculated as qD = 40kN/m. A 1000 kN crane travels along the girder back and forth
between A and D. Determine the design loads 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎 (for ASD) and 𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 (for LRFD) for BE and CF.
Use 1.0D+1.0L combination for ASD and 1.2D+1.6L for LRFD
Hint: Critical locations for the traveling live load PL are the girder ends A and D!
14/ UPN140 steel section used as a tension member is connected to a gusset plate using 3M20 bolts,
as shown.
𝑃𝑃
a/ Calculate the allowable tensile strength ( 𝑛𝑛�Ω ) and the ultimate tensile strength (𝜙𝜙𝑡𝑡 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛 ) of
𝑡𝑡
the UPN140 section for each of the three possible fracture paths indicated.
b/ What are the allowable tensile load 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎 for ASD and the ultimate tensile load 𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑢 for LRFD that
the member can carry safely?
Steel grade for plate and the UPN140 section is S235 (Fu = 360 MPa). Do not check block shear
mode of failure!
CE 388 Problem Set #1 13/14
CE 388 Fundamentals of Steel Design Middle East Technical University
Spring 2024 Department of Civil Engineering
15/ Determine the design tensile strength of the IPE300 member of S355 steel (Fy = 355 MPa, Fu =
510 MPa) shown below according to AISC 360-16 provisions for LRFD. Holes are 22 mm in diameter.
CE 388 Problem Set #1 14/14