Cour seCodeBGNo1

Subject:StudyMethods
Semest
er1,2non- CreditHour
s,Col
legePaper
CourseOut l
ineandNotes

I
.Gener
alI
ntr
oduct
iont
oSt
udyMet
hod
[Link]
udymet
hod?
Study and r esear ch ar ei mpor tantaspect si n a per son’sl ifet o hav e a cl ear
under standi ngofwhatheorsheseekst odo, learn,under standandf i
ndsol uti
onst ot he
probl ems.I nanyr esear ch,t her ei sacer t
ainmet hodandmet hodol ogyf oll
owedand
appl iedpr ocesst oar riveatapoi ntofconcl usi [Link] ear evariousmet hodsandski ll
s
i
nv ol vedi nr esear choneshoul [Link] ches,i snotsomet hi ngcol lect i
nga
l
ar geamountofdat aandr esour ces, wr itingapaperwi thoutanyai m andconcl usi on, or
gat her sl argei nfor mat i
onandwr iteanext ensi vepaperwi t
houthav ingcent ralf ocus,
i
nv ol venoar gument ,r eachnoconcl usi onandf indnoanswert ot hequest i
[Link] mpl y,
withoutappl yingamet hodorpr ocessandwr itingorst udy i
ngwi thoutai m doesnothel p
aper son, communi ty,soci ety ,
orchur cht of i
ndsol utionst othepr obl [Link] ef or e,for
ast udentofl earningandr esear ch,st udymet hodorski ll
sofl ear ningandwr i
tingar e
i
mpor tant .Int hisway ,studymet hodhel pst hest udent -learneri nasy st emat icwayt o
fi
nd ar ea ofi nterest ,f ormul ate hy pot hesis,col lectr elevantsour ces,putt hem i n
dat abasef oranal ysis, andar ri
v eatconcl [Link] scour sehelpst hest udent -lear nert o
hav ef ami li
aritywi thv arioussour ces- books, jour nals,theses, abst r
act s, ar chival recor ds,
articles, andopensupt oav istaofar easofknowl [Link] r
eshl earner -r
esear cher ,i
t
i
sv er yi mpor tantt ohav et heknowl edgeofl ibr aryandi tscat al
oguesy stem,booksand
theircl assificat i
ons,useofmoder nt echnol ogyande- resour cesandonl iner esour ces,
classi ficationofsour cesi nt ocat egor i
es, anddev elopski l
lsofr eadi ng, wr iti
ng, listeni ng
andpr esent at [Link] udentwi llbei ntroducedt oexi st i
ngknowl edge,t oi ncr easeor
strengt hent heexi stingknowl edge,appr oachcr it
icallytot heknowl edgewi t
hpr oblem-
cent er ed conv icti
on,t of i
nd orsetl imitation i n scope,t o hav e sy stemat i
c and
communi cabl epr ocessofi nvest igationandt oar ri
veatv eri
fiabler esul [Link],t he
studymet hodpr epar est hegr oundf orl ear nerst o hav esi mpl e,cl eardef initionof
resear ch and seek sol uti
on f orpr obl em byusi ng v ar i
ous t ools and ski l
lsi nt he
theol ogi cal educat i
on.

[Link]
pot
hesi
s
Ar esear
cherbeginshi sorherresear
cht ofi
ndconcl usionstot hepr obl
em wi t
ha
supposit
ionorspeculati
onmadebasedonl i
mit
edev idenceasst ar
ti
ngpoi ntofsearch.
Inotherwords,hypothesi
sisanideaordoubtoraguessorexpl anat
iononwhi chone
ventur
est o expl
ain,establ
i
sh t
heoryand arr
ive atpossi bl
e concl
usion/[Link]
assumedt entat
iveanswertothequesti
on,somethingwi t
houtconclusi
onorhav i
nga
tent
ati
veanswerorf act
stotheprobl
[Link], hypot
hesisi
sguessingoratheor
yused
totestthr
oughst udyandexper
imentat
ion,expressopini
onorobservat
ionsbasedon
i
nconclusi
veev i
[Link] esti
ngorexper i
mentati
on,theassumed
answer/hy
pothesi
smaychangeormaynotchange.
[Link]
ces:
Pri
mar
yandSecondar
y,Conv
ent
ional
Thest arti
ngpoi ntf oranyst udyorr esearchi stheknowl edgeofandcol lect
ionof
sourcespr esenti n dif
fer
entf ormsorcl assif
icat
[Link] hepr ocessofst udy,one
encountersthei ssueofhow,wher eandwhatoft hesour [Link] herwords,gatheri
ng
andor gani
zingt herelev
antmat eri
alsissomet hingoneconf rontssincesour ceschange
fr
om t i
met ot imewi thnewi nfor
mat i
onandr esear
chesaddedt oi t
,henceoneshoul d
bepr eparedt ocol l
ectandor ganizethemat eri
alsi ntheirorder l
yf [Link] ef
ore,
di
fferentmet hodsandpr ocedureswi l
lbeusedt ocollectsourcesfort heresearch.
Thecol l
ect
ionandor ganizati
onofsour cesneedcarefulattenti
[Link]
ngsourcesor
wher etof ind materi
als,data gathering and notes taki
ng wi t
h suggest
ions and
i
nformationsotor et
ri
evet hem atl
aterstage,andfi
eldresearchthatinv
olvesi
nter
views,
sur
v ey,questi
onnair
eet c.,togatherknowl edgear esomeoft hemet hodsusedi n
col
lecti
onofdat a.
How tof i
ndf orces?Ar esearcherint hepr ocessofst udycomesacr ossav astpil
eof
materi
als,butallmaynotber elevantandusef ul
.Thef i
rstquesti
onshoul dbe“ whatam
Itolookf or?”Thi swi l
lhel pfi
ndr elevantsour [Link] s‘r
elevant?’Inanev er-
changingwor l
dofknowl edgeandr esearchev eryt
hingi nter
rel
atedandr elev
ant ,whatwe
cal
linter
-disci
plinarydiscipli
[Link] er
,notev ery
t hingcanbet aken,hencehow do
weknowwhatr elevanttoourst udy?Si mple,thesour cesshouldhav edirectrelati
onshi
p
andclari
tywi t
hr esearchpr obl
em.
Therear et wosy st
emsofcl assi
ficati
on:theDeweydeci malsystem andt heLibr
aryof
Congresssy [Link] ,
number sareused:000GeneralBooks;100Phi l
osophy
andpsy chol ogy;200Reli
gion;300Soci alsci
ences;400Language; 500Naturalsci
ences
andmat hemat ics;600Technologyandappl i
edsciences;700Finearts;800Liter
ature;
900Geogr aphyandhi st
[Link] aterusesthealphabet
icalor
deranddi v
idesbooksinto
twentymaj orgr oups.
Classif
icati
on ofsour ces:Ther e ar
e mainl
yt wo majorcl assi
fi
cat
ions ofsources,
pri
mar yandsecondar [Link] er
,ther
eisalsot er
ti
arysour cewhichfarfrom thefi
rst
[Link] efor
e,inr esearch,t hi
ssourceisnotencour agedt oconsult
.Mat er
ial
sar e
scatter
edi nli
braries,archives,wit
hpeople,personaldi
aries,vari
ousprint
-audi
o-vi
deo-
i
nternet-or
alsour [Link] dhav emul t
i-
searchtalentt ofindsourcesandt he
avail
abili
tyoft [Link] ding t
o one’sareaofst udyand researchrequires
pri
mar yorsecondar ysour ces.
Pri
marySources:Pr
imarysour
cesarebasi
cmat eri
alswithlit
tl
eornoannotat
ionor
edi
tor
ialal
ter
ati
onsuchasmanuscr
ipt
s,di
ari
es,l
ett
ers,i
nter
viewsandr
epor
[Link]
mary
sourcehavebeendi vi
dedi nt
otwot ypes:fi
rst
,whichconsi stsofor iginalworks,based
onaper son’
sownt houghtandwor k( [Link]
e. her
’sWor ksin55v olumes,edi t
edbyJ.
Peli
kan),wi
thoutdil
uting,theori
ginali
tyequall
ytranslatedori nterpretedintoanother
l
[Link] ypepri
marysour cesconsi
stofdat agatheredatf i
rsthand,and
organi
zed and presented by the person who gat hered them.I ntervi
ews,sur vey
,
questi
onnai
re,at
ti
tudeandopi ni
onsur vey,andoralhi stor
iesaret hesecondt ypeof
pri
marysources.
Secondar
ySources:Thesecondarysour cesarederi
vedf r
om thepr i
marymat er
ial
s,
worksaboutt
hethoughtofotherpersonorworksbasedondat agatheredbysomeone
el
se foranot
herpurpose thatincl
ude analy
sis,i
nterpr
etati
on and commentaryor
expl
anati
ononpri
maryworksormat erial
s.
I
nmostcases,dependi ngonone’sareaofst
udytheresear
cherwil
lusebothkindsof
mat er
ial
s-pr
imar
yand secondary .Theyshoul
d consi
dertherelev
anceofmat er
ial
s
gatheredandthei
[Link],i
tisi
mport
anttofi
ndandclassi
fythesour
cesinto
pri
mar yandsecondary
.
Today ,wel i
veinadi git
alwor ldandmostoft hei nformati
onisavailabl
eoni nt
ernet
domai nintheform ofPDForCDROM andonl inelibrari
[Link]
om print
edbooks,the
researchershouldablet of i
ndsour cesonWor ldWi deWebsi t
[Link],oneshouldbe
carefulenought odist
inguishandi denti
fytheaut hentici
ty,v
ali
dit
yandgenuinenessof
mat eri
alsandshoul dbeabl etocl assi
fythem int opr i
maryandsecondar ysources.
Apar tf
rom thesetwo,i
nr esearchthet er
ti
arysourcesar enotrecommended.
Findingsour cei sani mpor t
antt [Link] esearchershoul dknow ‘ where’tof i
nd
sour ces?Whatt osear ch?How t osear ch?Subj ectl i
stingsar eimpor tanttool sfor
l
ocat ingsour cest hatarer elevanttoy ourt opi
[Link] t
erthesel ecti
onoft opicorsubj ectof
study ,thenextst epi stol ocatet heav ai
lableplacesofsour ces,subjectareasandt heir
holdingpl [Link] ’
sl i
brariesof feraccesst omat eri
alsi nbothpr i
ntandel ect r
onic
format sandt hei
rspeci ali
zat i
[Link] cedat aisav ai
lableincar dandonl inecatalogues.
Cat aloguesconst ituteani mpor tantinformat i
onandent rancetol i
[Link] stof
i
nf ormat i
on ofaut hor,t it
le and subj [Link] ti
onall
y ,they also hav e additi
onal
i
nf ormat i
onsuchaskey wor ds, call
number s,seri
alnumberandaccessnumber .
Formerly,al
lli
brari
esdependeduponcar dcatal
ogues,pri
ntedonittheauthor,ti
tl
eand
subjectwithadditi
onali
[Link]
icandimmov abl
epl acedatthelibr
ary
mai nhallorcommonpl [Link] dcatal
oguepr ovi
desusefulinformati
onsuchas
placeofpublicati
on,publi
sher,
andy earofpubli
cati
on,l
engthofbook, pages,i
ndexand
otherkeywor ds.
Onl
inecat
alogueissear chedinthesamewayaswi thcar [Link]
erence
bet
weenthet wois,hereitisthecomput erwhichdoest hesearching,basedupont he
nameoftheaut hor,ti
tl
e,andsubject,keywor dsentered,orcallnumberenteredet c.
Thehomepageoft hecomput erpr
ov i
desinformati
onaboutal lneededsear chi
ng.I f
comput
erfi
ndsnot hinginresponsetoyourrequest,f
irstcheckthespelli
ngofwor dsor
numbery [Link] i
brari
esi ncludecur rentinf
ormat i
onaboutav ai
labil
it
yof
pri
ntmat er
ial
sint heonl i
necat [Link] ormationsuchaswhet herornotabooki s
checkedoutandt heduedat e;theact ualhol di
ngsofanypar t
icularperi
odi
cal
sandt he
spanofy earofli
br arysubscr ipti
on;numberofv olumesorcopi esabook;mi ssi
ngor
checkedoutbook;mat erialthathav ebeenor deredorar ebeingsendf orboundcanbe
[Link] i
necat aloguehel pssear chholdingsofmat er
ial
si nother
l
ibrar
[Link] stem,anassoci ati
onofl ibr
ari
esinaci t
y,wil
l
helpsear
chmat erialsav ail
ableinot herli
br ari
[Link] si
sv er
yusef ultofi
ndsourcesand
thei
rstat
usbeforegoi ngt here.
Whi l
ecar doronl inecataloguepr ovi
deuseful sourcesf orlocati
ngmat er i
als,mostoft he
ti
meweendupsear chi
ngi none’sownar eaofcat aloguei nli
brarythatdoesnoty iel
d
[Link] e,i
fhistoryofChr i
sti
ani
tyst udenti slookingformat erialsonl yinthat
depar tment ,somet i
meshe/ shemaynotf ind,butneedt oconsultrel
ev antdepar t
ment s
suchasNewTest ament ,Theology,andMi ssiol
ogy .Insomecases,Chr i
stianEt hicsis
classified under“ MoralPhi l
osophy”sect i
[Link] efore,locati
ng sour ces and t heir
classification number si nl i
braryisi [Link] e are also shor tcomi ngs and
diffi
cultiesf acedi ntheonl i
necat al
[Link] e,i
fasubj ecton‘ Churchof
Sout hI ndia”or“ Evangeli
calChur ch”enter
ed; ahostofbookswi l
lappearwhi chmaynot
ber elev antt other esear cher’
[Link] i
mes,anysmal lmist
ake,i twi llshow “ no
bookf ound. ”Whi l
eonlinecat alogueisv eryhandyandusef ultosear ch,y etcar eful
attentionneeded.
Theonlinedatabasepr ov
idesaccesstoart
iclesinmagazines,journals, andnewspapers,
pdfbooks,t hesis and disser
tati
[Link] ehensi
ve per
iodicaldat abases such as
Ebscohost,FirstSear
ch,JSTOR,Lexi sNexis,Pr oQuest
,Gl [Link],shodhganga,
bookfi
.com,pdf dri
ve.
net,ATLAandotheronlinedomai nsprovi
det hesour cesi
nv ar
ious
fi
eldsofstudy.
Ref
erenceWor
ks
Apartfrom car dandonl inecatalogue,at hir
dt ypeofcataloguei sav aluablesour ceof
i
nformat ion,theI [Link] sisasmal l
ercataloguethatcanbev aluablei nformulati
ng
awor kingbi bl
iography ,al i
stofbooksandi mportantarti
clesoncer tai
ngener aland
speci
fict [Link] hem ar eavail
ableinbot hprintandel ectronicf or
m.I ndexes
areparticularlyusef ulforlocati
ngj ournal
sandnewspaperar ticles,orbr i
efsummar i
es,
ofarti
cles, andbookr eviews;otherindexessi mplyli
stbooks.I ndexesmaybe, eit
herof
generalorspeci ali
zedt hatcoverawi der angeofsubj [Link] ncludegui desto
thei
rorgani zationf ormatandt heabbr evi
at i
ont heyuse.(Diff
er entIndexesar eIndexes
i
n Humani ti
es,I ndexes i n science,indexes i n socialsci ences,j ournali ndexes,
newspaperi ndexes, booksi ndexes,indexesofbooks) .
Inacompr ehensiv
eonli
necatal
ogue,thesesanddissert
ati
onsnormall
ylist
edunder
aut
hor’sname,t i
tl
e,andsubj .Thet
ect hesiscat
alogue,af ourt
hty
peofcar d/
onl
ine
cat
alogueiswi del
yusedformsf orsearchi
[Link]
chingwhole
catalogue,onedir
ectl
ygoestotheirsubj
ectareaintheli
brary
’sbookstacksandmakes
somej udgmentsaboutther el
[Link] i
mes,i nthi
smet hodofsear chi
ng
mat eri
altheymaymi ssoutsomebooksei thercheckedout,orclassi
fiedunderthe
subjectofthei
rresear
chorplacedunderanotherrel
evantsecti
on.
Locat
ionofLi
brar
ySour
ces
Thelibrar
iesusuall
yfol
low oneofthesy
stemsofcl
assi
fi
cation:theDeweydeci
mal
syst
em orLi br
aryofCongr
esssyst
[Link]
stem sourcesarecl
assi
fi
edi
nto
tencategori
essuchas:
000Gener
alwor
ks
100Phi
l
osophyandPsy
chol
ogy
200Rel
i
gion
300Soci
alSci
ences
400Languages
500Nat
ural
sci
encesandmat
hemat
ics
600Technol
ogyandappl
i
edsci
ences
700Fi
neAr
ts
800Li
ter
atur
e
900Geogr
aphy
Fortheologicalsearchunderthesection200onef i
ndsal ltheologi
cal
l
yrel
atedsources.
200-229Bi bl
ical
,230-249theologyandChr i
sti
ansocialEthics,250-
269Mini
str
ymi ssi
on
andmi ssionaryandecumeni calsources,270-
279,280-289mi ssi
onar
ycooperat
ionand
ecumenicalmov ement,290-299r el
i
gionsand300soci [Link]
ari
zethe
l
ibrary
,youunder standthearrangedsy st
em ofbooks.

[Link]
iewofLi
ter
atur
e
Ther efore,itisimport antt
oev aluatethesour ces,whatgener allycalledbookr evi
ew or
l
iteraturer [Link] hequest i
onorapr oblem,t ofindansweronesear ches
throughv arioussour [Link] chwor kaimsatpr ovidi
ngt heoreti
calanswert ot he
quest i
onsi napar ti
[Link] poseofal i
teraturereviewsi stohelpgainan
under standing and f amili
ari
tyoft heexi st
ing knowl edgei nt hef orm research and
databaser elevanttoapar ti
cularresearcht opi
corar eaofst udy ,andt opresentthat
knowl edgei naf orm ofawr i
[Link] esearchershoul dhav ebecomef ami l
i
ar
withal readyexi st
ingknowl edgeandt hei
rcont r
ibuti
[Link] efore,beforeventuri
nginto
actualr esear chonehast ogat herr el
evantsour cemat erial
sandr eview t
hem oft heir
usef ul
nessandschol [Link] efore,lit
eratur
er eview isimpor [Link] m oft he
l
iteratur
er eview ist oshow whet hert her esearcherhasr eadt hebooksi nhis/her
relevantsubj ectandhav egr aspedt heirmai ncont extandf iel
dofr [Link]
cases,l iteraturer eview i sei therasepar ateassi gnment ,oroneoft hechapt er
s,or
sect i
on ofar epor t
,di sser t
ation ort [Link]
erat urer evi
ew i snotsi mplyashor t
descr i
ptionorsummar yofwhatot hershav ewr i
ttenorpubl [Link] er,l
it
erature
reviewshoul dbel ookingt hem crit
ically,showinginsi ghtandanawar enessofdi ff
ering
argument s,t heories,met hodsandappr [Link] herwor ds,itshoul dbeasy nthesis
andanal y sisoft her elevantpubl ishedwor [Link] i
terat
urer eview,pur pose,cont ent
,
structure, appr oacht osour cesormet hodologyorper specti
vet osour cesaresignif
icant
foragoodr eport.
Whatshoul dbet hef ocusofr esearcheri nal i
teraturer eview?Fi rst,she/ heshoul d
decidewhatt oreadandwhet hert hereadknowl edgei shel pfulfortheirf urt
herst udy.A
bestwaywi l
lbet omakeal istofbooks,di sser tationsandt hesisr el
ev antt oone’ s
subj [Link],theobjecti
veshoul dbecl earf orwhatar esear cherneedst of indout .
Ther efore,inwr iti
ngal it
eraturer evi
ew,ar esear chershoul dl ookati ssuesoft heor y
,
met hodol ogy,pol i
cy,quanti
tativeorany t
[Link] i
onswi t
hpar ti
culari nterest
willhel pf i
ndinganswert othei [Link] his,t her esearcheri ncludesacl ear,shor t
i
nt r
oduct ion,whichgi vesanout l
i
neoft hereview, includingmai ntopicscov eredandt he
argument si n place,with abr i
efr ati
onalef ort hist opicsel ecti
[Link] esear cher
discov erst heli
nkbet weenar gument si nthel iteratureandt heev i
denceuncov eredi n
readi [Link] heendofeachsect i
on,ashor tsummar yisi ncludedi nt hewor dsoft he
reviewer .Resear chershouldl ookatt hesour ceorknowl edgeopi nions,whi chdonot
agreewi tht het hesisoranycont radictor
yar gument [Link] ngv iewpoi nts
i
gnor ed,theargumenti nplacewi l
lbeweakerandt her eviewr eportwi l
lbeweak.
Theref or
e,a cr it
icaland compr ehensiverev i
ew ofl i
terat
ure needsa clearline of
argumentandt heref
ore,needtouset hecr i
ti
calnot esandcomment smadedur i
ngt he
[Link] musti naf ormal,academi cst y
le,withclearandconci se
writ
ing,av oi
dingcol l
oquial
ism andper [Link] ect
ive
and r espectf
ulofot her’
s opi
nions and shoul dl ookatconst r
ucti
ve cr
it
ici
[Link]
l
anguageoft hel i
ter
atureshouldbear gumentati
ve,affir
mative,andauthori
tat
iveand
shouldaccur atelyref
lectathr
eadf l
owingbet weent hereaderandt heknowl
edge.
Li
ter
atur
erev
iewsgr
eat
lyhel
psi
nyourr
esear
chst
udyi
nfourar
eas:
i
. I
tbr
ingscl
ari
tyandf
ocust
oyourr
esear
chpr
obl
em.
i
i
. I
timpr
ovesy
ourr
esear
chmet
hods,
met
hodol
ogy
,andanal
yti
cal
ski
l
ls.
i
i
i. I
tbr
oadensy
ourknowl
edgebasei
nyourr
esear
char
ea.
i
v. I
thel
pscont
ext
ual
i
zey
ourf
indi
ngsandcont
ri
but
etowi
dercommuni
ty.
Many f
ind di
ff
icul
ti
es on how t
orevi
ew a book/l
it
erat
[Link] fr
esh st
udent
f
ormul
atingaresear
chprobl
em maybedi
ff
icul
[Link]
comethisisto
revi
ew li
ter
atur
eandnarrow downy ourfocus,toyourspeci
fi
ctopi
[Link]
oblem of
studyshouldbeconceptual
i
zedandl ookforsuchl i
ter
atur
eandf i
ndwhatisthere
alr
[Link]
ourst
epsinvol
vedinbook/li
ter
atur
erevi
ew.
i
. Lookf
oral
readyav
ail
abl
ebooks/
li
ter
atur
einy
ourar
eaofst
udy
.
i
i
. Rev
iewt
hesel
ect
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li
ter
atur
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onalguideli
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I
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stknowoft hei
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Ther ear e,r eferencesect i
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onusual l
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youenterthedetai
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Theologicaleducat i
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i
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ualr eali
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studentt ol ocatesour cesaccor dingtot hei
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neanddepar t
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Studentsshoul dhav efami l
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hlocationofsour cesanddi scipli
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[Link]
roduct
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othe use ofcomput
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twar
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nter
net
,web,powerpoi
nt,
catal
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c.
Inrecenty ears,theeducat ionsy stem i smaki ngast eadypr ogressandt r
ansi ti
onf rom
i
tst r
aditi
onalcl assroom st udypat t
ernintoonl inev ir
[Link] ernet works,
knownasi nternetcol lecti
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downloadandaccesst ov ariousdat abaseoni [Link] eandi nsti
tut i
onshav e
establ
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ning,andhav e
exposedext ensivelytot heuseofi nternet
,websi te,powerpoi ntusei nteachi ngand
prepari
ngmat eri
[Link] nourdaywear esomuchi ntot hev i
rt
ualwor l
d,internet
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tingmet hodsort eachi ngmet hodsmaynotbesui tabl
et oour
[Link] efore,student sshoul dbecomef ami l
iarwithuseofcomput ermachi nes,
educationalsof tware,internet ,email,useoflear ningappsav ail
abl eli
keZOOM meet ing,
Googlecl assr oom,Googl emeet ,GoToMeet ingandot herwebi [Link]
technologyhasbecomei mpor tantinourst udiesandhenceoneshoul dbef amili
arwi th
l
atestlearningandt eachingt echniques.
Powerpoi ntpresent
ati
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pr
esentat
[Link] pspresent
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ector
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Ifstudentneedsanyassi
stanceorhelpontheseareas,t
heycanapproachthetechnical
assistantatinst
it
uti
onort hroughthei
[Link]
studentscanbegivensomeor ient
ati
ontot
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talgadget
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tal
sour ces.
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ndi
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dict
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lexi
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maps,
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Aphy sicallibrar
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useofr eadersandst [Link] tfrom books,j our nalsandot herwr i
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ablei nt he
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presenceofsuchav ai
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arenor mal l
ykeptinthereferencesect ionandcanbeaccessedatanyt imedur ingt he
wor kinghour [Link] ibrar
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[Link] urther
i
nf ormat ion,contactyourli
brarianorper soni nchargef oranor ientat
iontot hel i
brary
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Bibl
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i
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feruseful
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nfor mati
onofr el
evantbooksandnew publ icat
[Link]
brar
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sour cl
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annica,EncyclopediaoftheSocialSciences,I
nter
nati
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Ency
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Special
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Dict
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Doctri
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sonv ari
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domainorlocal
lyplacedl i
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Yearbookspr esentinfor
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amaYearBookgivesyearwi
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At
lases ar
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Bi
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Stat
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i
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I
II
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List
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Wri
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Present
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Inther esearchstudy,somei mpor tantrequir
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itut
iveli
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Wr i
ti
ngi sanotherimpor t
antski l
lonshoul dhav [Link] chinvol
veswr it
ingreports,
papers,and exami [Link] efore,fast,clearand pr ecise wri
ti
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Presentat i
onofpaper sinv ar
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hatoneshoul dhav [Link]
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Resear chr equiresagr eatdealofr eadingbooks,journalsandot [Link]
readingt hem,onecannotr eadcasuallyorlet
hargi
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thenewsr eadersofanyr egionalorEnglishchannel
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Whatisskim- r
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Befor
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repageor
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Theyjusthaveagl anceorscant het exttogett hecontent,maini
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Readingef ficientlyisr equiredofr [Link] ead,butwi thoutmaki ngany
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Whydower ead?Wer eadfori nformati
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Peoplereadbooks,newspaper s,j
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Whilereadi
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Ther ef
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Thir
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Whi l
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ti
nganar t
icl
eorat erm paper,
studentsof t
engatheravastsourceofmateri
als
withoutfi
rstmakingacompr ehensiveplanofwr iti
[Link] hefactor
soneshoul d
keepi nmi ndbeforeventur
ingi nt
owr it
ing:arti
cle/t
erm paperti
tl
e,purposeandai m,
mai nheadings,concl
usi
onandr ecommendat [Link]
ny our
aim/focus,andmakeal t
ernatebetweengener alandspecifi
ccharacter
sandev i
dences.
Ar esearchar t
icletheref
ore,shoulddescri
bet hepurpose,wr i
teaspeci fi
ct i
tle,abstr
act
oft hest udy,introducti
on,met hodol
ogy,outcomesanddi scussionsandacompl ete
ref
er enceofci tedmat eri
[Link] se,i
nformat iv
e,usekey wordsandt er
ms
wisely,focusont henumberofwor dsandt argetofaudi ence,av oidabbreviationsthat
arenotwel l
-knownandr elevantconcl
[Link] r
actcangi vethepi ctureofy our
writi
[Link] ractshouldhav emotivati
on,problem andscope,appr oachandkey
fi
ndings, conclusi
onsandi mpl i
cati
[Link] r
actisself-suffi
cientandindependentof
yourmanuscr i
pthenceshoul dgi v
econciseandcompl etesummar yofy ourwor k.
Thei ntr
oductionoft heart
icl
eorat er
m papershouldgivethepr oceedi
ngsofy our
writ
[Link] efore,a st
atementoft he study’
s pur
pose,research questi
ons or
hypothesis,outcomes,therationalethatcontri
butedtotheconceptuali
zati
onoft he
subjectandant i
cipat
edcontri
butiontothefi
eldshouldcl
ear
lyexpl
ainedinbri
ef.
Themethodol
ogysect i
onofy ourwri
ti
ngdescribesthescient
if
icpr
ocedure,subj
ects,
measur
es,mater
ials,
andequipments,
approaches,ev
idenceandanal
ysi
sofdat aonthe
basi
sofmethodologi
calquesti
onsrai
sedsuchaswho?what ?when?where?how?and
why?
Whent hewr i
ti
ngi scompl etedthoroughr evi
si
oni sneededbeforefinalpri
[Link]
caref
ull
yeach sent ence detai
lsforclari
ty,checkev eryparagr
aph and phrase for
coherence,think aboutsent ence str
ucture,choice ofwords and t
hei rmeanings,
mechani cal
andt echnical
errorsi
nspelli
ng,punctuati
onandtypogr
aphi
cal er
ror
s.
[Link]
it
ingl
i
tur
gy,
ser
mons
Unliketheschol arl
yarti
clesorpaper s,theli
turgi
calwr i
ti
ngsandser mons,thoughf ol
low
certainmet hodsandpr ocedur es,theydi ff
erinpr esentati
[Link] radi
ti
onofChr i
sti
an
fait
hhast heirownwayandmet hodofwr i
ti
ngl it
urgyandpr eparingsermons.I nsome
traditi
ons,thel it
urgyispr intedand somewi l
lhavef r
eef orm oflit
urgy.I nsome
traditi
onsi tischanted,r ecit
ed,sungorr eaddur i
ngt heser vi
[Link],accor dingyour
traditi
ony oucanwr i
[Link] er
,al i
turgywi l
lhav ecertai
nelement ssuchasopeni ng
pray er
,openi ngsong,ador ati
on,cal lf orconf essionofsi ns,absoluti
on,r eadi
ngof
scripture,sermon,conf essionoff ait
h,pr ayersf orothers,offer
ing,concludingsong,
pray erandbl essing/
benedi ct
[Link] itur
gyf oll
ow thesy nagoguemodelof
l
iturgywi thsomemodi f
icationinmoder ntimes.
Sermonst oohav emet hodol
ogyofwrit
[Link]
edif
ferentt
ypesofser
monssuchas
topi
cal,exposi
tory,exegeti
cal
,[Link]
,awr i
tt
ensermonwi l
lhav
ea
ti
tl
eandsubt i
tle,ani ntr
oduct
ion,abodyofser monwi thsubti
tl
es,concl
usi
onand
appli
cati
on.
f
. Lengt
hofst
atement
Oneofthechall
engesi
nwr i
ti
nganar t
icl
eorapaperishowtoputwordsinaconci
se
for
m ofastat
[Link]
ethi
nklongsent
encesorst
atement
sare
marksofscholar
[Link]
,suchlongstat
ementsconf
use
reader sanddonotconv eydi rectandcl earmeani [Link] sshouldbesmal l
,cl
ear
and conci se wi th cl eari [Link] imes,when wr i
ti
ng aboutan unf amili
arand
compl ext opicf ori nti
mi dati
ngy ourr eader s,suchcompl exandconf usingst atements
l
ookawkwar [Link] ongsent enceswr i
ttenatt heendofi t,whatisbeensai dorr ead
willfor [Link] efore,t oav oidconf usion,awkwar dnessandf orgetti
ng,makey our
statement ssi mpl e,cl earandpr [Link] hepr i
ncipl
esf ol
lowedt oav oidlong
sentences,phr asesandcl auses,makesubj ectsshor tandconcr [Link],namet he
charact ert hatper formst heact [Link] oidi nterr
uptionoft hesubjectandv erbwithmor e
thanawor dort [Link] ionsi nv erbsnoti [Link] nf
ormat i
onbef amili
arto
reader satt hebegi nni ngoft hest atementandnewi nformationatt heendofi [Link]
activeorpassi vev erbst or eflectthepr evi
ouspr i
nciples,andusef ir
st-personpr onouns
appr opr i
[Link] ar,aspossi bleav oidusi ngy ournameori denti
ty,andkeept he
statement si nthir
dper [Link] swi l
lhel pther eadert ogetpastt oashor t,concrete,and
fami l
iarit
yt osubj ectqui cklyandeasi l
y .
Avoidlongintroductor
yphrasesorclauses.I
dent
if
ymaincharact
erinthest atement
,
keyact i
onsandmai ncharact
erofthesubjectt
ogivecri
spandclearpictur
eofy our
i
deasandappr [Link] i
ghtwordsandusethem atri
ghtpl
[Link] ngyour
readersmind,diagnoseyourwordsandstat
ementswit
hpoli
shedgr
ammar ,spell
ingand
punctuati
on.

[Link]
ceofwor
ds
Therei sat endencyamongwr iterst ousesomeunknownf oreignwor dsandi nsertthem
i
nt heirwr i
ti
ngsorst at
ement [Link] dsshouldbechosencar efull
yandputt hem inar i
ght
[Link] lwor dsaddmeani ngt oy ourstatement ,butchoset hewi thr i
ghtmeani ng.
Forexampl e,effectandaf f
ect ,exceptandaccept ,eli
citandilli
cit
,chiefandcheapand
suchot herwordsconv eydifferentmeani [Link] ngthem i nast atementcanmakeor
changet hewhol emeani ngofy ourst atement .Therefore,suchconf usingwor dsshoul d
carefull
[Link] hewordswi t
hr i
ghtlevelofusageandmeani ng,av oi
df ancywor ds
i
fy ouar enotsur eoft hei
rmeani ngandef [Link] het imes,t hef ami l
i
arand
knownwor dsconf [Link] ef ore,inwr i
ti
ngy ourpaper s,arti
cles,reports,ort heses
choser ightwor dsandputt hem atr i
ghtplacef ordrawi ngorconv eyingr i
ghtmeani ng.
Becar efulofconf usi
ng simi l
arand f ami l
iarwor ds,whi chmayconv eyadi fferent
meani ngoutoft hesubj ecttopic.

[Link]
ayout
Useofl ayoutisanotheri mport
antaspectinwr i
ti
ngpapersandar ti
[Link]
erent
di
scipl
i
neshav edi
ffer
entrequir
ementsfort
helayoutofr
[Link] aduate
andundergraduat
epaper sincl
udeinadditi
ontobodyort ext:ati
tl
epage,anout l
ine
page,f
ir
stpageofar esearchpaperwi
thendnotesandnotti
tlepage(document ati
onof
endnot esorf ootnotes),pageoft extusingendnot esoff ootnot
esandabi bliogr
aphy,
andbi bli
ographydi vi
dedbyt y
peofsour [Link]
ynodecor ati
veout l
ayorlayoutshoul d
hav einthepaper .Thepapershoul dhav east andardfor
matandl [Link] earetwo
typesofout li
nef ormatsorl ayouts:topicoutli
neandsentenceout li
[Link] ormer,the
entri
esi nat opicout l
i
near ewor ds,phrases, orcl
ausesandnotcompl etesent [Link]
thelater,theent r
iesinasent enceout li
near ecompletesentences,conv er
ti
ngt opicinto
[Link] wobasi cformatsf oranout l
inearethenumber -l
ettersequenceandt he
decimalpat [Link] t
hei t
herf ormat,itrequiresthatther
ebeatl easttoitemsateach
l
ev el;i
.[Link] thoutaBanda1. 1.1wi t
hout1.1.2becausenot hing
canbedi vi
dedi nt
of ewerthant wopar ts.

i
. Lect
ure methods, paper present
ati
ons (seminar
, consul
tat
ion) gr
oup
assi
gnment
s,groupwork,powerpoint
,announcement
s
j
. Var
iat
ionsf
ordi
ff
erentr
eader
s.
[Link]
tat
ions:
dir
ectquot
e,par
aphr
asi
ng,
shor
tci
tat
ionandl
ongerci
tat
ions
Today ,onecomesacr ossav astpileofsour cesi nthef ieldofeducat i
onandwr i
ti
ng,
booksandar t
[Link] scoveryi smadeexceptbui ldinguponanot herviewsand
thoughts,ther
ebycont ri
butest oexist i
ngknowl edgeandcompl ementst oearlierwor k.
Somet imes,eveni fi
tone’sownor i
ginal,[Link],to
avoidanydupl icit
yoract sl eadingt opl agiar
ism,al way ssaf etocitethesour [Link]
can use mat erialsfrom ot herbooks orsour ces i
n eitheri ndir
ectquot ati
ons l i
ke
summar i
esandpar aphrasing,pr esentedwi t
houtquot ati
onmar ksordi rectquotation
l
ikev erbat
im,orwor df orwor d,encl osedwi thinquot ati
onmar [Link] r
om ot her
sources ordocument ati
on ofi ndirectordi rectquot ations in no way l esseri n
scholarshi
ppresent ati
onordi minishest heor igi
nali
tyoft hewor [Link]
,ont hecont rary,
youruseofsour cesandt heirquot ationsshowst heknowl edgeofy oursur veyof
l
iter
atureandr angeofmat erials.
Indir
ectQuot ation orCitati
on:Whenev ery ou do nothav e compel l
ing reason f or
choosi ngdirectquot at
ion,useindir
ectquotat
ion.I
ndirectcit
ation,
unlikedir
ectci t
ations,
calllessat t
ent ionandal l
owst hereadertoconcentrateony ourargument [Link]
cit
ation,usey ourownwor dsandsent encestruct
ureandav oi
dimi tat
ingt heoriginal
syntaxandr epeatingthephr [Link] woort hreewor dsorphr asesf rom
origi
nal source, usequotationmarks.
Apar aphraseusedi nani ndir
ectquot
ati
on,withoutdist
orti
onofi mpreciseormi staken
paraphrase,al t
ered emphasi s orsi
gnif
icance ofomi ssions,shouldr epr
esentt he
ori
ginalsour [Link] er est
atedapassageorsent enceora
phrasei ny ourownwor ds,properacknowledgementisneeded.I not herwor ds,y ou
mustdocumentt hesour ceoft hei
deaori nfor
mationinanot eorinapar enthetical
ref
erencewi thi
nt [Link],anyi dea,orphr ase,paraphraseorsent ence
rest
atement,orshortorl
ongercit
ati
onsusedindi
rect
lyneedspr
operacknowl
edgment
ofthesource,i
fnot,
itwil
lbeconsi
deredaspl
agiar
ism.
Dir
ectQuot ati
onorCi tation:Di r
ectquot ati
onorci tati
oni spr esentingmat erialfr
om a
sourcewor dforwor d,ei therofl ongsent ence,par agraphorphr [Link]
ectquot ation
mustbespar inglyused, nott oomuch, andi nmostcases, itshoul dbeusedf orpri
mar y
andt hemostsi gnificantsecondar ysour [Link] tationbeusedt o conv eyor
hi
ghlightthev oiceofanaut hor it
yt opreser v ethesour ceaut hor’
sor igi
nalwor ding,orto
emphasi zet heaccur acyofy ourt aki
ngf rom thesour [Link] rectquotati
onspr ovide
authori
tyf orcont r
ov ersialposi t
ionsr equi ri
ng experti
se i nf i
eldsot hert han your s.
Therefore,todoj usti
ceandaddpowert oy ourwor k, y
oushoul dquot eitdi
rectlywithout
[Link] rectci tat i
on i ni ts originalf orm adds accur acyofl anguage and
i
nformat i
[Link] r
ectci tationusesexactt ext ,i
nter
nalpunct uati
ons,spelli
ng,emphasi s,
andcompl ext heoreti
calf ormul [Link] r
ectquot ati
onsbekeptasshor taspossi ble
andshoul dbepar eddownt ot heonl yessent ialpor
tions.
Shortci
tati
onsshouldbelessthanonehundredwor ds(approxi
mat
elyei
ghtli
nesoftext
)
berunintotextandencl
[Link]
ngyourcit
ati
on,to
prov
ideasmoot htransi
ti
onbet weenyourownwor dsandthoseoftheaut
horyouquote,
youshouldnamet heauthorandhi s/
herprofessi
onort i
tl
eofworky ouarequoti
ngas
conti
nuum ofproceedi
ngcitat
ion.
Whi l
equot i
ng,onef indsdi f
fi
cul
tywi t
hr egardtoi ndent,l
eftandr i
ghtspaceoft he
quot edsour ce.I
ft hequot edsourceisl essthant hr
eel i
nesoft hetext,i
tcontinues
wi t
hinthet extwithoutsepar at
eat t
ention,yetwithinquotati
onmar [Link] ed
sour ceismor ethanf i
velineofthetext,thenfi
vespacesf rom lef
tandfivespacef r
om
[Link] er,t
herearesti
ll
whousesonl yleftf
ivespacesorreducedfontsize.
Itisadvisedt omaintainsingl
eunif
ormityt hr
oughoutthewor k.
l
.Ideasorechoesofi
deasbor
rowedf
rom ot
her
s
Ideas,aswel last heexpr essionorechooft hosei deas,whi charenoty ourownar e
borrowedsour cesf rom [Link] econsi deredt obelongt otheper sonwhof irst
putst hem bef or ey [Link],i nt he indirectci tat
ion ofsour ces,one ei t
her
paraphrasesorr estatest heor i
ginalst atementorusesi deasorr ef
lectsideasor
emphasi sinhis/ herwor [Link] ongi fproperlycitedandacknowl edgedt hesource.
So,wheny oui ncor porateeit
heri deasorphr asingf rom anot herwri
terorsour ceint o
yourwor k,whet hery ouci t
eddirectl
yori ndirectly
, youshoul dandneedt oacknowl edge
yoursour ceaccur atelyandcompl etely.

m.I
mpor
tanceofr
ecogni
zi
ngsour
ces,
dir
ectori
ndi
rect
Whyandwhatist heimport
anceofr ecogni
zingsour
ces,quoteddir
ectl
yori ndi
rect
ly?
Youmustdocumentanyfactoropi
nionthatyoureadfr
om anysource,whetheryoufi
rst
di
scov
eredtheideather
eory ouhaveassimilat
editsothoroughl
ythatitseemst obe
[Link] er,therear esomeexcept i
onst ot hiswher ethereisacommon
knowledge,factsthatcanbev eri
fiedeasil
yanddonotdi f
ferfr
om onesour cetoanother,
andwel l
-knownsay ingsorpr [Link] ances,materi
alsneednott o
bedocument [Link] er
ialav ail
ableinonlyonesour ceori nal i
mitednumberof
sources,recognit
ionofsour cesi sveryimportant
,ot herwisemayl eadt oplagi
ari
sm.
Recognizingsources,citeddi rectlyorindir
ectl
y,notonl ygivesappr opri
atecredi
tt o
ori
ginalsourcebutal soprot
ect syoui ft
heinfor
mationpr ovestobewr ong.
[Link]
agi
ari
sm andi
tspenal
ti
es
Thewor l
d‘ Pl
agiar
ism’comesf rom theLat i
nwor dplagiar
ies(‘ki
dnaper ’
).Pl
agiar
ism is
anactofcopy i
ngordupl i
cat i
ngori ncorporati
ngideas,concept s,wordsandphr ases
fr
om ot
her published/unpubli
shed sources without proper
4
acknowledgement. Pl
agiar
ism, hencereferstoaf or
m ofcheat i
ngt hathasbeendef ined
as“thefalseassumptionofaut hor
ship;thewr ongf
ulactoft akingthepr oductorwor k
5
oreffor
tofanotherperson’
sact ionandmi nd,andpresenti
ngitasone’ sown.”
Independentr esearchandwr i
ti
ngplayani mportantr olei nt hecour serequirement ,
exami nati
on, t
hesisandpr [Link]
arism instudentwr i
tingi soft
enuni ntenti
onaland
i
gnor anceofneed ofacknowl edgment ,butunf ortunatelyev en aft
erknowi ng t heir
practiceconstitut
epl agiar
ism,t heystil
lcont i
[Link] udentsshoul dbecar eful
and guar dt hemselv esagai nstt he possibil
it
yofi nadv ertentand st rong sanctions
againstplagiari
sm.I fprovedofchar geofpl agi
ari
sm, studentcoul dfaceaut omat i
cFi n
thecour se,andpossi bleexpul si
on/cancellati
onofr egistrati
[Link] udentsfaceany
diff
icult
yinhow t oquot esour ces,phrasesorwor dsorhow t oidentifyifther
ei sany
plagiari
sm, t
heymayconsul ttheconcernedf acult
y.

[Link]
es
Foot notes ent ries ar e way s of document i
ng t he sour ces i nvestigated and
acknowl edgingt hehel porsour cer eceivedf rom ot [Link] notei st heci t
ationof
sour cei nthenon- bibl
iographysy stem i ndi
cat edineachpagewher esour cesar equot ed
oracknowl [Link] eswi t
ht hei nformat i
onofaut hor,t itl
eoft hewor k,place,
publ i
sher ,dateandpagenumber ,whenappearatt hebot tom oft hepagear ecalled
footnot [Link] i
ti
ngsal souseendnot es, wi
tht hesamei nf ormat i
onasf oot noteand
unlikeit, endnoteappearatt heendofeachchapt eroratt heendoft heent irepaper.I n
footnot e,foll
owedi nSerampor esy stem (MLAorChi cagosy stem) ,thef ollowingor der
i
smai ntained:aut ,t
hor i
tl
e( placeofpubl icati
on:Publ i
sher,y earofpubl i
shing),page
[Link] hor’sfullnamei sgi venf i
rst,
followedbyacomma, ti
tleini t
ali
cs( i
fit
i
si nt y pewr i
ter
,t i
tleisunder l
ined) ,followedbyanopenpar ent hesis,nameofpl ace
4
SeeRegulat
ionsandSy l
labus,Facul
tyofTheol
ogy
,Senat
eofSeramporeColl
ege(
Uni
versi
ty)
(Ser
ampore:TheRegistr
ar,2010),18.
5
JosephGibl
adi,MLAHandbookf orWri
ter
sofResear
chPaper
s,Fif
thedit
ion(
NewDel
hi:
Affi
li
atedEast
-
WestPressPv tLt
d,2000),30.
whereiti
spubl
ished,f
oll
owedbycolon,
thenpubli
sherf
oll
owedbycomma,andy
earof
publi
shi
ng,i
frepri
nt,i
twillbebef
oretheyear,cl
osetheparent
hesi
swi
thacomma,
fol
lowedbyt
hepager ef
erence.
Foredit
edbook,thenameoftheedi
torappear
sinthepl
aceofanauthor,
fol
l
owedbya
commaand“ ed.
,”wit
haf ul
lst
opandcommat odenotet
hati
tisanedit
edbook.I
fmor
e
thanoneedi
tor
,then“eds.
,”
E.
[Link]
[Link]
,AManualf
orResear
cher
sandWr
it
ers,
secondedi
ti
on(
Bangal
ore:
BTESSC,
2010)
,160.
[Link]
[Link]
,Const
ant
sinContext:ATheol
ogyofMi
ssi
on
forToday(
Maryknol
l
,NewYork:Or
bisBooks,November2006).
Lal
sangki ,Ecumeni
maPachuau,ed. calMissiol
ogy:Cont
empor
aryTr
ends,I
ssuesand
Themes(Bangal
ore:
Unit
edTheol
ogi
calCol
lege,2002)
.
Towrit
ef oot
noteforarti
clesinj
our
nal
,onespacefol
l
owst heaut
horandthet
it
le
ent
ri
es;onespacesepar
atestheel
ement
soft
hefact
sofpubl
i
cati
onsect
ion.
[Link].
[Link]
ott
,“Si
gni
fi ”I
canceofLausanne, RM 64/
255(
Jul
y,1975)
:294.(
in
f
oot
not
eyouwr
it
eonl
ythenumberofpagesconsul
tedorquot
edf
rom)
Magazi
nesal
sowi
del
yusedsour
ceofi
nfor
mat
ion.I
ssuesofmagazi
nesar
emostof
ten
i
dent
if
iedbydat
eonl
y,ev
enwhent
heyhav
eissuenumber
.Dat
eshoul
dbepr
esent
edi
n
mont
h-day
-yearst
yleandpagenumberi
ssepar
atedf
rom y
earbyacomma(
rat
hert
han
acol
on:
asi
nthecaseofj
our
nal
).
[Link]
elKl
eppner
,“AboutBanj
ami ”Phy
nThompson, sicsToday
(Sept
ember1992)
,9-
10.

Today,t
hereisanext
ensiv
elyuseofonli
nesources,sohow towr i
tef
ootnot
eoft he
onl
inesource.I
nthelat
estedit
ionoftheA Manualf orResear
chersandWr i
ter
sby
[Link],y
ouwil
lfindupdat
edinf
ormati
ononhow t owr i
teabibl
i
ographyfor
onl
inesour
ces.
[Link] i
dTaylor,eds.,Toky o2010Gl obalMi
ssi
onConsultati
on
Handbook,May11- 14,2010,“MakingDi scipl
esofEv eryPeopl ei
nOurGener ati
on,
”
(Pasadena:Tokyo2010Gl obalMi
ssionConsul t
ati
onPl anningCommitt
ee,2010),30
July2018,ht
tp:
//www.t
okyo2010.
org/resources/[Link].

“Chri
stiani
ty i n I t
s Gl obal Cont ext: 1970-2020,
”31 Oct ober 2017,
http:
//www. gor
donconwel
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orResear
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ti
[Link]
ore:
BTESSC,
2010.
Bevans,St
ephen B and [Link]
ant
sin Cont
ext
:A Theol
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Missi
onforToday
.Mar y
knoll
,NewYork:
Or bi
sBooks,Nov
ember2006.
Pachuau,Lal
sangki
ma,[Link]
calMissiol
ogy:Cont
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ends,I
ssuesand
[Link]
ore:Uni
tedTheol
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[Link]
ott,JohnR.W.“Si
gni
fi ”I
canceofLausanne. RM 64/
255(Jul
y,1975)
:288-
294.
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[Link] i
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[Link] o2010Gl obalMissionConsul t
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Handbook, May11-14,2010, “
Maki ngDi sci
plesofEv eryPeopleinOurGener ation.”
Pasadena:Tokyo2010Gl obalMissionConsul tati
onPl anningCommi ttee,
2010. 30July
[Link]:
//[Link]/resources/Handbook. pdf
.
Chri
sti
ani
tyi
nIt
sGlobalCont
ext
:1970-2020.31Oct
ober2017.
ht
tp:
//[Link]
donconwel
l.
edu/
ockenga/resear
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documents/
chr
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ext.
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ssertat
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Ti
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Theproposedareaofst udyshoul dhaveclearandpreci
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TheResear
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StatementoftheProbl
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ementoft heproblem shouldbest ated, atbest,i
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ti
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iedf ormthatgi vest heideaofast ated
[Link] ormulati
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esadequat ereadi
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gati
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endirectl
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ythatpoint
stot hearea
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lur
eorinadequacyt ostatetheproblem i nasentencemeanst he
researcherhasnotf ull
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ngt hepr oblem,anel abor at
ionshoul dbe
given.I ntheelabor ationoft hepr obl
em,t heproposalshoul di ndicat ether oadmapof
ther esearchwi thadequat ei nformat i
onandnecessi tyofi nvesti
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nv estigations,
agreement sand di sagr eement s,and t heneed off urtherr esear [Link] esear cher
shoul dshow anypr obl em wi t
ht healreadyexisti
ngr esear choranyneedoff urther
i
nv estigati
onorar et her eanyot herproblem thatot hershav enott [Link]
elaborationoft hepr oblem, thusshoul dabletocommuni cat ewhatwi llbeexami nedand
howdi ff
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lbewi thot [Link],t
heel abor ati
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roadmapoft hei nvestigation, probablywi t
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lesorst ep-by-stepexplanat i
on, butit
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I
mpor
tanceoft
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Whyt hisresear ch?Whatsi gnif
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et hei mpor t
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motivatedt hem tounder t
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ines,communi ties
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Whatistheai minthisresearch?Thepoi ntershoul
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aim canbest atedinaclearobject
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tt
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aborati
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[Link]
ecti
vesets
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i
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Hy
pot
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Hypot
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[Link] assumed answeratthe
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ati
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nvest
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tisat
ent
ati
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heticalanswersorquest i
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tteninfew stat
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Def
ini
ti
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I
ft heresearchusesanyt echni
caltermsorspeci ali
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ly presenti
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cance int he research plan.
Somet i
mes, commonl yusedt er
msmayhav eambi guousmeani ngorinterpret
ati
on, but
howt hosetermsusedandi nter
pretedintheproposedr esearchshouldbeexpl ai
ned.I n
otherwor ds,theresearchmayf requentl
yuset hoset ermsordel veont hem i nt he
processofinvesti
[Link]
ore,giv
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nit
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ortechnicali
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ScopeandLi
mit
ati
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Resear chbeginswi t
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preciselydemar kingtheli
mi t
at i
onsoft [Link]
onsandscope,
theinv est
igati
onwi l
lbeai mlessandcoul dnotf indar [Link] i
onsof
scopeandl imitationswillhel ptheresear chertoonl yfocusont hepr oblem wi t
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dev i
ati
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acki
ngf rom t heinvestigat
[Link] i
mi t
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[Link] herwords,itwillhel
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researchershoul dwr i
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Pr
evi
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Usuall
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esinpr esentati
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that“thisi st hef i
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i
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undertakenont hebasisofpr evi
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new dev elopment sinr esear
ch,therei saneedofupdat i
ngoraddi ngtot heexi sti
ng
[Link] esearcher,t
hought akesupi nvesti
gation,simil
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ng
research,shoul dabl etodescr i
bet hemaj orthrustofeachexi st
ingwor ksandhowt he
presentr esear chi sdiffer
entf r
om ot [Link] ev i
ousr esearchdescr i
pt ionshould
proposehowi tgoesbey ondtheconcer nsoft heprev i
ousr esearchesorwor ksthereby
showingcont inuityanddi f
fer
ence.

Met
hod/
Met
hodol
ogyofResear
ch
Resear chi nv olvesacar efulattenti
ont ot hepr oblem andi ndicat eshow t heresearch
problem wi llbedev elopedanddeal twi [Link] hodi sanappr oachappl i
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i
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met hodofr esear [Link] ngont hear eaofi nvesti
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calor
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icalorcommuni cati
on,orsome ot herar eas,the
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[Link] hodi st hepr ocessofi nv estigati
onusedbyway
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i
nv esti
gat i
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research, suppor t
edbyapl ausi
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onal [Link] heresear chi sv i
ewedf rom perspect i
ve,
forexampl e,post -colonial,subaltern,f emi nist,histori
cal ,soci ological,DalitorTr i
bal,
that shoul d be subst ant iat
ed and suppor ted by i dent if
ying maj or aspect s or
component soft hesour cesofi nvestigation.
Therefore,themet hodofr esearchisi mport
anttosupporttheper spect i
vei ntowhich
theresearchi [Link] cesofdatacanbel i
brarycoll
ect i
onst hatincl
ude
books,jour nal
s,document s,col
lecti
onofwor ksandpersonal/pri
vat ehol [Link]
arelimit
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brar
yr [Link] salsoqual
i
tati
vesources,collectedt hroughfiel
d
researchbywayofquest ionnair
e,interv
iews,t
ape/v
oicerecordedint er
v i
ews,andot her
formsoff ieldengagement .
Theresear
chalsoinvolv
esspeci al
izat
ionindat
agat her
[Link],i
fther
esearch
i
sbasedoncont entanal y
sis,part
ici
pant-
obser
vati
on,intervi
ewsand/orquestionnai
re,
thenthepurposeofusi ngsuchmet hodofdatacol l
ectionshouldbeexplai
[Link]
howthiswil
lbecorroboratedwiththeli
brar
ysourcesneedt obeclear
lyshown.
Inthemethodofresear
ch,theresear
chergi
vesanindi
cati
onofdiv
isi
onofresearch.
Howt heover
all
ofr
esearchwil
lbespli
tandcompl
etedwit
hgivent
imefr
[Link]
stageofresear
chshoul
dbesetwi t
ht i
meanddeadli
netocompleteandsubmitthe
draft
.
Tent
ati
veOut
li
ne
Ast het itleindicates, af
terpr esenti
ngachr onol ogicalpr esent ati
onoft hepr oposal ,wi
th
alreadyex planat i
onoft hepr oblem,t her esearchercandr aw at entati
veout lineoft he
resear [Link] siscanbef ormulatedbasedont heel abor at i
onoft hepr obl [Link]
out l
inewi l
lhelpt her esearchert ohavecl eari deaofwhati sgoi ngt ober esear chedand
proposest oor ganizet hesour cesaccor di
ngt oeachchapt eri
zati
[Link] l
ineoft he
resear chmayhav ebot hposi ti
veandnegat ivebear ingsasi nt hecaseofi fthepr oposal
i
sappr ov edi twillbeasbi ndingandi nthel aterpar toft her esearchanynewdi scov eri
es
maybemi [Link] ,sincei ti sa t entati
v eout l
ine,t hereshoul d beopennesst o
i
ncor porateandev ent omodi fytheout l
ineasonecomesacr osst henewsour cesand
discov [Link] hatway , atthef i
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ect,
theout l
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[Link] inganout li
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ectionandev eni fneededt oaddt oit,[Link], tent at
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Sel
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Att hepr oposallev el
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ectedandnot edsuffi
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mat eri
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onofsour cest o backt he
i
nv esti
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ographyi sani nit
ialsourcesofdat auponwhi cht he
i
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nalone,buti tshouldgi v
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abl e.
Later,as i nvestigati
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lbe [Link] he select
bibli
ographyshoul dgivet hef oundat ionalsour ceinformati
onf ortheresearchtaken.I f
therear enoadequat ebi bli
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or e,the lit
eratur
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Thet hesispr oposali sapl anofi nvest i
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Mabry,HunterP.A Manualf
orResear
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ti
on(
Bangal
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eandRobertPer
[Link]
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Bost
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,2008)
.
Joseph,[Link] .Met
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