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Examples Unit 4

This document covers core mathematical concepts in dynamics, including torque, center of gravity, and conditions for equilibrium. It provides solved examples demonstrating the calculation of torque, the principle of moments, and force resolution into horizontal and vertical components. The examples illustrate practical applications of these principles in physics.

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3 views2 pages

Examples Unit 4

This document covers core mathematical concepts in dynamics, including torque, center of gravity, and conditions for equilibrium. It provides solved examples demonstrating the calculation of torque, the principle of moments, and force resolution into horizontal and vertical components. The examples illustrate practical applications of these principles in physics.

Uploaded by

mahmadcnd
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit 04: Dynamics II Solved Examples and LaTeX Solutions

1 Core Mathematical Concepts


In this unit, we expand on the principles of dynamics, focusing on forces in equilibrium, torque, and the
turning effects of forces.

• Torque (τ ): The turning effect of a force. It is calculated as the product of the force and the
moment arm (perpendicular distance): τ = F × L.

• Center of Gravity: The point where the entire weight of an object appears to act.
• Conditions for Equilibrium:
P
1. The vector sum of all forces acting on the body must be zero: F = 0.
P
2. The algebraic sum of all torques acting on the body must be zero: τ = 0.

2 Solved Examples
Example 1: Calculating Torque
Question: A mechanic uses a wrench of length 25 cm to loosen a nut. If he applies a force of 100 N
perpendicularly to the wrench, find the torque produced.
Solution:
Given: F = 100 N, L = 25 cm = 0.25 m.
Using the torque formula:
τ = F × L = 100 × 0.25 = 25 Nm
Answer: 25 Nm.

Example 2: Principle of Moments


Question: A uniform meter rule is balanced at its center. A weight of 10 N is hung at a distance of
40 cm from the center. Where should a 20 N weight be placed on the other side to balance the rule?
Solution:
According to the principle of moments, Clockwise Torque = Anticlockwise Torque.
Let w1 = 10 N, L1 = 40 cm, w2 = 20 N, and L2 be the unknown distance.

w1 × L1 = w2 × L2
10 × 40 = 20 × L2
400 = 20 × L2
400
L2 = = 20 cm
20
Answer: 20 cm from the center.

Example 3: Force Resolution


Question: A force of 50 N makes an angle of 30◦ with the horizontal. Find its horizontal (Fx ) and
vertical (Fy ) components.
Solution:
Given: F = 50 N, θ = 30◦ .

1
• Horizontal Component: Fx = F cos(θ) = 50 cos(30◦ ) = 50 × 0.866 ≈ 43.3 N
• Vertical Component: Fy = F sin(θ) = 50 sin(30◦ ) = 50 × 0.5 = 25 N
Answer: Fx ≈ 43.3 N and Fy = 25 N.

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