Machine Learning
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Objectives
1) What is Learning?
2) What is Machine Learning?
3) Steps in machine learning.
4) Types of machine Learning.
5) Applications of Machine Learning.
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What is Learning?
“To gain knowledge or understanding of, or
skill in by study, instruction or experience''
◼ Learning a set of new facts.
◼ Learning HOW to do something .
◼ Improving ability of something already
learned.
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What is Machine Learning?
◼ Machine Learning is the study of methods for
programming computers to learn.
◼ Building machines that automatically learn from
experience.
◼ Machine learning usually refers to the changes in systems
that perform tasks associated with artificial intelligence AI
Such tasks involve recognition, diagnosis, planning, robot
control, prediction, etc.
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What is Machine Learning?
Learning Trained
algorithm machine
TRAINING
DATA Answer
Query
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Steps in machine learning
1) Data collection.
2) Representation.
3) Modeling.
4) Estimation.
5) Validation.
6) Apply learned model to new “test” data
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General structure of a learning system
Learning system
Data Learning Feed-back
Process
Problem Solving
Teacher
Results
Performance
Evaluation
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Advantages of ML
1) Solving vision problems through statistical
inference.
2) Intelligence from the common sense AI.
3) Reducing the constraints over time
achieving complete autonomy.
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Disadvantages of ML
1) Application specific algorithms.
2) Real world problems have too many
variables and sensors might be too noisy.
3) Computational complexity.
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Types of machine Learning
1) Unsupervised Learning .
2) Semi-Supervised (reinforcement).
3) Supervised Learning.
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Unsupervised Learning
◼ Studies how input patterns can be
represented to reflect the statistical structure
of the overall collection of input patterns
◼ No outputs are used (unlike supervised
learning and reinforcement learning)
◼ Learner is provided only unlabeled data.
◼ No feedback is provided from the
environment
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Unsupervised Learning
◼ Advantage
◼ Most of the laws of science were developed
through unsupervised learning.
◼ Disadvantage
◼ The identification of the features itself is a
complex problem in many situations.
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Semi-Supervised (reinforcement)
◼ it is in between Supervised and Unsupervised
learning techniques the amount of labeled and
unlabelled data required for training.
◼ With the goal of reducing the amount of
supervision required compared to supervised
learning.
◼ At the same time improving the results of
unsupervised clustering to the expectations of the
user.
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Semi-Supervised (reinforcement)
◼ Semi-supervised learning is an area of
increasing importance in Machine Learning.
◼ Automatic methods of collecting data make it
more important than ever to develop methods
to make use of unlabeled data.
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Supervised Learning
◼ Supervised learning trains a model using labeled data
where each input has a known correct output. The
model learns by comparing its predictions with these
correct answers and improves over time. It is used for
both classification and regression problems.
◼ Example: Consider the following data regarding
patients entering a clinic. The data consists of the
gender and age of the patients and each patient is
labeled as "healthy" or "sick".
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Supervised Learning
Gender Age Label
M 48 sick
M 67 sick
F 53 healthy
M 49 sick
F 32 healthy
M 34 healthy
M 21 healthy
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Applications
of
Machine Learning
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Drug discovery
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Medical diagnosis
Photo MRI CT
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Iris verification
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Hand-written digits
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Radar Imaging
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Speech Recognition
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Finger print
fingerprint image
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Signature Verification
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Face Recognition
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Target Recognition
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Robotics vision
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Traffic Monitoring
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Thank you
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