OPENING PRAYER
Lord Jesus, please give me a good mind that I may
do all my works well in such a way that I will make
you happy. Help me to understand and remember
all the things that I must learn. Help me to enjoy
and be happy with the subject which I find so hard.
Amen!
UNIT 2:
EARTH MATERIALS
AND PROCESSES
Prepared by:
Annabel B. Labastida,LPT
MODULE 4:
WATER
RESOURCES
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, the learners will be able to:
• Identify the various water resources on Earth.
• Explain how different activities affect the quality
and availability of water for human use.
Module 4: (Lesson 5)
Water
Resources
Introduction
Water Resources
• natural resources of water that are
potentially useful.
• Water uses: agricultural,
industrial, household,
recreational and environmental
activities.
Introduction
Water Resources
• All living things require water
to grow and reproduce.
• Water is now considered one
of the world’s most expensive
commodities.
WATER WATER
RESOURCES RESOURCES
S I. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE III. WATER AS A RESOURCE
• The Five Phases • Water activities affecting water
U resources
M II. EARTH’S WATER
• Saltwater Reservoir • Water resources management
M •
•
Freshwater Reservoir
Surface Water Res.
and conservation
A •
•
Groundwater Res.
Aquifers, Artesian Well,
• Policies and laws crafted to
protect and better manage water
R and Springs resources
• Groundwater-Stream
Y Relationship
The Hydrologic Cycle
• also known as the “water cycle”.
• the movement of water around
Earth’s surface and it’s
subsystems.
• the cycle consists of interconnected
pathways and reservoirs.
The Hydrologic Cycle
3
4
1 2
5
EARTH’S WATER
• Earth’s water budget generally
remains constant through time.
• Ocean- largest reservoir, 97.5%
of Earth’s total water while
freshwater is 2.5%.
EARTH’S WATER
Freshwater = 2.5% (GGPS)
• Glacier = 68.7%
• Groundwater = 30.1 %
• Permafrost = 0.8%
• Surface water = 0.4%
EARTH’S WATER
Groundwater
Glacier Permafrost
Reservoir Residence Time
Residence Ocean and ice Thousand of years
Time for sheets
Specific Groundwater Tens to hundreds of
Reservoir years
Streams and rivers Few weeks
Atmosphere Few days
Organisms Few hours
I. Saltwater Reservoir
*An ocean is a vast body of saltwater.
*Salinity- saltiness of saltwater.
3 Major Zones in the Ocean (STD)
1. Surface layer
2. Thermocline
3. Deep zone
3 Major Zones in the Ocean (STD)
1. Surface layer- ocean surface to
100 m depth. (generally warm)
2. Thermocline- from surface up
to 1500 m. (decreasing temp.)
3. Deep zone- temperature is
uniformly low, contains 80% of
ocean water (colder)
II. Freshwater Reservoir (GIP)
1. Glaciers – a large permanent
body of ice, w/c consists largely of
recrystallized snow.
2. Ice sheets - a mass of glacial land
ice extending more than 50,000
square km.
Greenland Ice Sheet
II. Freshwater Reservoir (GIP)
3. Permafrost – a frozen
layer on or under the
earth’s surface consists
of ice bound together by
soil, rock, or sediments
that is frozen for at least
Permafrost
two consecutive years.
DRILL:
1. Water Cycle is also called as _____
[Link] zone of the ocean is warm.
3. Defined as the saltiness of saltwater.
4. The 4 that made up the 2.5 freshwater
5. Frozen layer of soil, ice, and sediments
for at least two consecutive years.
III. Surface Water Reservoir (SLW)
1. Stream– moving body of surface
water that flows downslope toward
sea level because of gravity.
2. Lakes - large inland bodies of fresh
or saline water.
✔ Water collect in a low area & dams
III. Surface Water Reservoir (SLW)
1. Stream – smaller than river
III. Surface Water Reservoir (SLW)
2. Lake– large body of water that is
surrounded on all sides by land
“Lake Buhi”
of Cam. Sur
III. Surface Water Reservoir (SLW)
3. Wetlands– land areas where water
covers the surface for significant
periods.
Ligawasan Marsh- largest wetland in
the Philippines (Maguindanao)
✔ Other sources – “liguasan”
III. Surface Water Reservoir (SLW)
Ligawasan Marsh
largest wetland in
the Philippines
(Maguindanao)
3 Types of Wetlands (MSE)
1. Marsh – has grasses and reeds
2. Swamp – lush trees and vegetation;
oxygen in water is typically low.
3. Estuary – partly enclosed coastal
body where freshwater from stream
meets the saltwater from the sea.
swamps - forested wetland
Estuary –where
freshwater
from stream
meets the
saltwater from
the sea.
IV. Groundwater Reservoir
❑ found in rock and soil layers
beneath the surface.
❑ 2 ndlargest reservoir of liquid
fresh water on Earth (30.1%).
IV. Groundwater Reservoir
❑ TERMS TO REMEMBER (APP)
✔ Aquifers – water-bearing rock, “sponge”.
✔ Porosity- total amount of empty pore
spaces in the rock.
✔ Permeability- ability of the rock or
sediments to allow water to pass
through it.
G
R
O P
U R
N O
D F
W I
A L
T E
E
R
WATER AS A RESOURCE
World’s greatest rivers: (TE-NR-YR)
• Tigris & Euphrates (Mesopotamia)
• Nile River (Egypt)
• Yellow River (China)
Tigris & Euphrates Rivers
TIGRIS EUPHRATES
Nile River (Egypt)
the
longest
river in the
world
Yellow River (China)
WATER AS A RESOURCE
• Water resources - helps to regulate
climate, it shapes earth’s surface.
• Water bodies are habitat for humans,
animals, plants and marine animals.
• Water - is very important for
agriculture, cleaning, cooking food
and various activities.
Humans’ activities
affecting water resources
1. Population growth, particularly in
water short regions.
2. Movement of a large number of
people from the countryside to
towns and cities.
Humans’ activities
affecting water resources
3. Demands for greater food security
and higher living standard.
4. Increase competition between
different uses of water sources.
5. Pollution from factories, cities and
farmlands (water contamination)
Water Resources Management
& Conservation
1. Rainwater harvesting
2. Surface water is diverted into basins
in recharge zones to increase
infiltration, reduce evaporation, and
improve water quality.
Infiltration Basin/System
Water Resources Management
& Conservation
3. Dams and Reservoir are built to
provide additional water storage.
3. Inter-basin transfer of water
Current technological advances
• Desalination—takes salt out of
seawater.
Policies and Laws
✔ crafted to protect and better manage water
resources
1. PD No. 424 of 1974
2. PD No. 1067 (1976)
3. EO No. 222 of 1995
4. RA No. 8041
5. The Philippine Clean Water Act of
2004
Policies and Laws
1. PD No. 424 of 1974
- created the National Water
Resource Council (NWRC) to
coordinate and integrate water
resources development.
Policies and Laws
2. PD No. 1067 (1976)
- instituted the Water Code
- laws governing the ownership,
appropriation and utilization,
exploitation, development,
conservation, and protection of the
water resources
Policies and Laws
3. EO No. 222 of 1995
✔ established the Presidential
Committee on Water Conservation and
Demand Management (tasked to
prepare a nationwide Water
Conservation Plan)
Policies and Laws
4. RA No. 8041
✔ National Water Crisis Act of 1995
5. RA 9275: The Philippine Clean Water
Act of 2004
- protect the country’s water bodies from
pollution from land-based sources.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING
- Ma’am Bel
CLOSING PRAYER
Lord Jesus, I thank you for all the
blessings you have given me which
I will use for your greater honour
and glory. Amen