CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

MODULE 1 - Improved productivity and efficiency

- Enhanced reputation and brand image
WHAT IS OSH? - Compliance with laws and regulations

Occupational safety and health (osh) refers to INTERNATIONAL OSH STANDARDS BY

the practices, policies, and procedures aimed at THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR
protecting the health, safety, and well-being of ORGANIZATION
workers in the workplace. The International Labor Organization (ILO) has
GLOBAL AND NATIONAL SITUATION IN played a crucial role in promoting workplace
OSH safety and health through various conventions
and recommendations. They had established
-Occupational or work-related diseases remain critical standards like Convention No. 155
largely invisible in comparison to industrial (1981) and No. 161 (1985), alongside
accidents. Recommendation No. 164 (1981), to advance
workplace safety and health globally. These
-About 2.34 million women and men around the
frameworks guide governments, employers, and
world die annually due to work related accidents
workers in collaborative efforts to prevent
and diseases every year (ILO,2008)
occupational hazards, illnesses, and injuries,
-321,000 (14%) work-related fatal accidents while promoting a preventative safety culture
through shared responsibility.
-2.02M (86%) work-related fatal diseases
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATION
Top 10 Non-Fatal Injuries
The construction industry is one of the most
Strains and Sprains Cuts and Lacerations hazardous sectors due to the high risk of
Fractures Head Injuries workplace accidents, injuries, and fatalities.
Knee Injuries Back Injuries Recognizing the need for stricter safety
Eye Injuries Burns (Minor) measures, the Department of Labor and
Heat-Related Illnesses Employment (DOLE) of the Philippines issued
Repetitive Strain Injuries Department Order No. 13, Series of 1998, which
Top 10 Fatal Injuries /Deaths provides guidelines governing occupational
safety and health (OSH) in the construction
Falls industry. This order aims to ensure safe and
Transportation Incidents healthy working conditions for all construction
Exposure to Harmful Substances workers by establishing comprehensive safety
Contact with Object or Equipment requirements that must be followed by
Electrocutions employers, contractors, and subcontractors.
Struck by Accidents
Caught -in /Between Accidents Objectives
Scaffolding Accidents • To ensure the protection and welfare of
Burns workers employed in the construction industry
Trench or Ground Collaps • To ensure protection and welfare of the general
public within and around the immediate vicinity
LOCAL STATISTICS of any construction worksite as well as the
Top 4 Diseases in Construction Industry promotion of harmonious employer employee
(n=1,928) relationships
Musculoskeletal disorders • To take into consideration industry practices
Tuberculosis and applicable gov’t. requirements
Occupational asthma
Occupational dermatitis Republic Act No. 11058, also known as the
Occupational Safety and Health Standards Act,
Top 4 work-related claims (n=490) is a law that strengthens occupational safety and
Dermatitis and other skin diseases Hypertension health (OSH) policies and programs in the
Renal failure Philippines. It was approved on August 17,
Tuberculosis 2018, and aims to protect workers from work-
related hazards and risks.
OSH FOUNDATIONS AND ITS BENEFITS
Key Provisions: -
OSH Foundations:
Coverage: The law applies to all establishments,
- Hazard identification and risk assessment
project sites, and workplaces in the Philippines,
- Hazard control and prevention
except those in the public sector.
- Training and education
- Employer Responsibilities: Employers are
- Monitoring and evaluation
required to provide a safe working environment,
Benefits:
conduct regular safety and health inspections,
- Reduced risk of injuries and illnesses
and provide training and personal protective
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

equipment (PPE) to workers. ROLE OF SAFETY AND HEALTH

- Worker Rights: Workers have the right to know
The role of safety and health in Occupational
about workplace hazards, refuse unsafe work,
Safety and Health (OSH) is to systematically
and report accidents and hazards.
prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and
- Safety and Health Program: Establishments are
fatalities by identifying and mitigating risks in
required to have a safety and health program in
the workplace.
place, which includes policies, guidelines, and
procedures for managing workplace hazards. This involves:
·Protecting workers through safe equipment,
OSH POLICY AND SAFETY STATEMENT
hazard controls, and compliance with safety
An Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards.
Policy is a formal statement by an organization ·Promoting physical and mental well-being by
outlining its commitment to maintaining a safe addressing ergonomic, chemical, biological, and
and healthy workplace. It sets the foundation for psychosocial risks.
safety practices, responsibilities, and objectives ·Fostering a culture of prevention where
to prevent accidents, injuries, and occupational employers, workers, and governments
illnesses. The OSH policy serves as a guide for collaborate to prioritize safety.
employees, supervisors, and management in ·Ensuring legal and ethical compliance with
creating a culture of workplace safety. international standards (e.g., ILO Conventions
155 and 161) and national regulations.
Components of an OSH Policy
A well-structured OSH policy typically includes MODULE 2
the following elements:
Commitment to Safety – A clear statement of the OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
organization’s dedication to providing a safe HEALTH LEGISLATION AND
work environment. STANDARDS
Compliance with Regulations – Ensures
adherence to national and international safety What is OSH?
laws, such as DOLE’s Department Order No. 13
OSH or Occupational Safety and Health refers to
(for construction) and ILO standards.
the discipline focused on the safety, health, and
Responsibilities of Employers and Workers –
welfare of people at work. In the Philippines,
Defines the duties of management, supervisors,
OSH encompasses a broad range of regulations,
and employees in maintaining workplace safety.
and policies designed to ensure that working
Risk Management and Hazard Control – Focuses
conditions are safe and conducive to the well-
on identifying workplace hazards, conducting
being of employees. This includes the
risk assessments, and implementing control
preventions of workplace accidents, injuries, and
measures.
illnesses through proactive measures and
Training and Awareness – Ensures that
compliance with the Philippine legal standards.
employees receive proper safety training and
understand emergency procedures. Bases of OSH in the Philippines
Continuous Improvement – Promotes regular
safety inspections, audits, and policy updates to ❖ Republic Act No. 11058: -
enhance workplace safety. the Act Strengthening Compliance with
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY AND HEALTH Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof
The importance of safety and health in OSH RA 11058 is a legislation that aims to ensure safe
extends beyond compliance with laws—it and healthful working conditions for all
promotes worker well-being, enhances employees. This Act mandates employers to
productivity, and contributes to the overall comply with OSH standards and provides strict
success of an organization. A strong OSH penalties for any violations. It emphasizes the
program benefits both employees and employers responsibility of employers to prevent workplace
by fostering a culture of safety, reducing accidents and illnesses by adhering to the
accidents, and ensuring a sustainable work prescribed safety measures.
environment
❖ Department Order No. 198-18 -
DOLE is the primary agency responsible for
enforcing OSH laws and regulations. This serves
as the implementing rules and regulations (IRR)
of RA 11058, providing detailed guidelines for
its enforcement.
-The DO 198-18 from the Department of Labor
and Employment is the Implementing Rules and
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

Regulations or IRR of RA 11058 al known as to the most important and influential documents
“An Act Strengthening Compliance with produced by the International Labour
Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Organization (ILO) that establish standards and
Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof.” guidelines for various aspects of work.
-It is a policy declaration affirming labor as a
critical social and economic force. It mandates a ➢ ILO Convention No. 155 (Occupational
safe and healthy work environment for all Safety and Health)
workers, enforcing compliance with the Labor Adopted in 1981, this convention aims to
Code and International Occupational Safety and improve occupational safety and health and the
Health (OSH) standards. working environment. It obligates governments
-DO 198-18 applies to all workplaces across to formulate a national policy on OSH and
various economic sectors, including those in requires employers to ensure safe working
special economic zones, transportation utilities, conditions for their employees.
and high-risk industries like mining and
➢ ILO Recommendation No. 164
construction. It excludes public sector entities
Also adopted in 1981, this recommendation
such as national government and state
complements Convention No. 155 by providing
universities.
guidelines for its implementation. It emphasizes
❖ The Labor Code of the Philippines: the importance of worker participation in OSH
matters and outlines measures for effective OSH
Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended (May programs.
1, 1974)
-a decree instituting a labor code thereby ➢ ILO Convention No. 161 (Occupational
revising and consolidating labor and social laws Health Services)
to afford protection to labor, promote
Adopted in 1985, this convention promotes the
employment and human resources development
establishment of occupational health services in
and insure industrial peace based on social
workplaces, focusing on prevention and health
justice
promotion for all workers.
-This code contains various provisions related to
labor standards, including those pertaining to ➢ ILO Convention No. 167 (Safety and Health
occupational safety and health. in Construction)
This convention, adopted in 1988, specifically
❖ Occupational Safety and Health Standards
addresses safety and health in the construction
(OSHS)
industry. It includes provisions for risk
-These standards provide specific rules and assessment, training, and protection of
guidelines for various industries and workplaces, vulnerable workers.
detailing how to address potential hazards.
-Occupational Safety and Health standards is a ➢ ILO Guidelines on Occupational Safety and
set of rules issued by DOLE which mandates the Health Management Systems (ILO-OSH 2001)
adoption and user of appropriate practices, These guidelines provide a framework for
means, methods, operations or processes, and developing effective OSH management systems,
working conditions to ensure safe and healthful emphasizing continuous improvement and the
employment. integration of OSH into overall management
practices.
International Labor Organization (ILO)
Safety and Health in Construction
The International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention, 1988 (Article 01 to Article 33)
is devoted to promoting social justice and
internationally recognized human and labour C167, known as the Safety and Health in
rights, pursuing its founding mission that social Construction Convention, was adopted in 1988
justice is essential to universal and lasting peace. by the ILO. This convention aims to ensure that
The only tripartite U.N. agency, since 1919 the construction workers are protected from health
ILO brings together governments, employers and safety risks. It emphasizes the importance of
and workers of 187 Member States, to set labour creating a safe working environment, providing
standards, develop policies and devise adequate training, and implementing safety
programmes promoting decent work for all measures to prevent accidents and injuries in the
women and men. construction industry.

ILO Key Instruments on Occupational Safety I. SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

and Health ARTICLE 1
The International Labour Organization (ILO) ▪ This Convention applies to all construction
plays a crucial role in setting global standards activities, namely building, civil engineering,
for occupational safety and health (OSH). The and erection and dismantling work, including
following are ILO key instruments which refers any process, operation or transport on a
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

construction site, from the preparation of the site supporting components which is used for
to the completion of the project. supporting workers and materials or to gain
▪ A Member ratifying this Convention may, after access to any such structure, and which is not a
consultation with the most representative "lifting appliance" as defined in subparagraph
organisations of employers and workers (h) below;
concerned, where they exist, exclude from the (h) the term lifting appliance means any
application of the Convention, or certain stationary or mobile appliance used for raising
provisions thereof, particular branches of or lowering persons or loads;
economic activity or particular undertakings in (i) the term lifting gear means any gear or tackle
respect of which special problems of a by means of which a load can be attached to a
substantial nature arise, on condition that a safe lifting appliance but which does not form an
and healthy working environment is maintained. integral part of the appliance or load.
▪ This Convention also applies to such self-
II. GENERAL PROVISIONS
employed persons as may be specified by
national laws or regulations. ARTICLE 3
ARTICLE 2 The most representative organizations of
employers and workers concerned shall be
For the purpose of this Convention:
consulted on the measures to be taken to give
(a) The term construction covers: effect to the provisions of this Convention.
(i) building, including excavation and the
ARTICLE 4
construction, structural alteration, renovation,
repair, maintenance (including cleaning and Each Member which ratifies this Convention
painting) and demolition of all types of buildings undertakes that it will, on the basis of an
or structures; assessment of the safety and health hazards
(ii) civil engineering, including excavation and involved, adopt and maintain in force laws or
the construction, structural alteration, repair, regulations which ensure the application of the
maintenance and demolition of, for example, provisions of the Convention.
airports, docks, harbors, inland waterways,
dams, river and avalanche and sea defense ARTICLE 5
works, roads and highways, railways, bridges, 1. The laws and regulations adopted in
tunnels, viaducts and works related to the pursuance of Article 4 above may provide for
provision of services such as communications, their practical application through technical
drainage, sewerage, water and energy supplies; standards or codes of practice, or by other
(iii) the erection and dismantling of appropriate methods consistent with national
prefabricated buildings and structures, as well as conditions and practice.
the manufacturing of prefabricated elements on 2. In giving effect to Article 4 above and to
the construction site; paragraph 1 of this Article, each Member shall
(b) the term construction site means any site at have due regard to the relevant standards
which any of the processes or operations adopted by recognized international
described in subparagraph (a) above are carried organizations in the field of standardization.
on; ARTICLE 6
(c) the term workplace means all places where
workers need to be or to go by reason of their Measures shall be taken to ensure that there is
work and which are under the control of an co-operation between employers and workers, in
employer as defined in subparagraph (e) below; accordance with arrangements to be defined by
(d) the term worker means any person engaged national laws or regulations, in order to promote
in construction; safety and health at construction sites.
(e) the term employer means:
ARTICLE 7
(i) any physical or legal person who employs
one or more workers on a construction site; and National laws or regulations shall require that
(ii) as the context requires, the principal employers and self-employed persons have a
contractor, the contractor or the subcontractor; duty to comply with the prescribed safety and
(f) the term competent person means a person health measures at the workplace.
possessing adequate qualifications, such as
suitable training and sufficient knowledge, ARTICLE 8
experience and skill for the safe performance of 1. Whenever two or more employers undertake
the specific work. The competent authorities activities simultaneously at one construction
may define appropriate criteria for the site-
designation of such persons and may determine (a) the principal contractor, or other person or
the duties to be assigned to them; body with actual control over or primary
(g) the term scaffold means any temporary responsibility for overall construction site
structure, fixed, suspended or mobile, and its activities, shall be responsible for coordinating
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

the prescribed safety and health measures and, in ARTICLE 12

so far as is compatible with national laws and 1. National laws or regulations shall provide that
regulations, for ensuring compliance with such a worker shall have the right to remove himself
measures; from danger when he has good reason to believe
(b) in so far as is compatible with national laws that there is an imminent and serious danger to
and regulations, where the principal contractor, his safety or health, and the duty so to inform his
or other person or body with actual control over supervisor immediately.
or primary responsibility for overall construction 2. Where there is an imminent danger to the
site activities, is not present at the site, he shall safety of workers the employer shall take
nominate a competent person or body at the site immediate steps to stop the operation and
with the authority and means necessary to ensure evacuate workers as appropriate.
on his behalf co-ordination and compliance with
III. PREVENTIVE AND PROTECTIVE
the measures, as foreseen in subparagraph (a)
MEASURES
above;
(c) each employer shall remain responsible for ARTICLE 13
the application of the prescribed measures in
respect of the workers placed under his SAFETY OF WORKPLACES
authority. 1. All appropriate precautions shall be taken to
2. Whenever employers or self-employed ensure that all workplaces are safe and without
persons undertake activities simultaneously at risk of injury to the safety and health of workers.
one construction site, they shall have the duty to 2. Safe means of access to and egress from all
co-operate in the application of the prescribed workplaces shall be provided and maintained,
safety and health measures, as may be specified and indicated where appropriate.
by national laws or regulations. 3. All appropriate precautions shall be taken to
protect persons present at or in the vicinity of a
ARTICLE 9 construction site from all risks which may arise
from such site.
Those concerned with the design and planning
of a construction project shall take into account ARTICLE 14
the safety and health of the construction workers
in accordance with national laws, regulations SCAFFOLDS AND LADDERS
and practice. 1. Where work cannot safely be done on or from
the ground or from part of a building or other
ARTICLE 10 permanent structure, a safe and suitable scaffold
shall be provided and maintained, or other
National laws or regulations shall provide that
equally safe and suitable provision shall be
workers shall have the right and the duty at any
made.
workplace to participate in ensuring safe
2. In the absence of alternative safe means of
working conditions to the extent of their control
access to elevated working places, suitable and
over the equipment and methods of work and to
sound ladders shall be provided. They shall be
express views on the working procedures
properly secured against inadvertent movement.
adopted as they may affect safety and health.
3. All scaffolds and ladders shall be constructed
ARTICLE 11 and used in accordance with national laws and
regulations.
National laws or regulations shall provide that
4. Scaffolds shall be inspected by a competent
workers shall have the duty to-
person in such cases and at such times as shall
(a) co-operate as closely as possible with their
be prescribed by national laws or regulations.
employer in the application of the prescribed
safety and health measures; ARTICLE 15
(b) take reasonable care for their own safety and
LIFTING APPLIANCES AND GEAR
health and that of other persons who may be
1. Every lifting appliance and item of lifting
affected by their acts or omissions at work;
gear, including their constituent elements,
(c) use facilities placed at their disposal and not
attachments, anchorages and supports, shall-
misuse anything provided for their own
(a) be of good design and construction, sound
protection or the protection of others;
material and adequate strength for the purpose
(d) report forthwith to their immediate
for which they are used;
supervisor, and to the workers' safety
(b) be properly installed and used;
representative where one exists, any situation
(c) be maintained in good working order;
which they believe could present a risk, and
(d) be examined and tested by a competent
which they cannot properly deal with
person at such times and in such cases as shall
themselves;
be prescribed by national laws or regulations;
(e) comply with the prescribed safety and health
the results of these examinations and tests shall
measures.
be recorded;
(e) be operated by workers who have received
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

appropriate training in accordance with national regulations, preventive measures shall be taken
laws and regulations. against the fall of workers and tools or other
2. No person shall be raised, lowered or carried objects or materials.
by a lifting appliance unless it is constructed, 2. Where workers are required to work on or
installed and used for that purpose in accordance near roofs or other places covered with fragile
with national laws and regulations, except in an material, through which they are liable to fall,
emergency situation in which serious personal preventive measures shall be taken against their
injury or fatality may occur, and for which the inadvertently stepping on or falling through the
lifting appliance can be safely used. fragile material.
ARTICLE 16 ARTICLE 19
TRANSPORT, EARTH-MOVING AND EXCAVATIONS, SHAFTS, EARTHWORKS,
MATERIALS-HANDLING EQUIPMENT UNDERGROUND WORKS AND TUNNELS
1. All vehicles and earth-moving or materials- Adequate precautions shall be taken in any
handling equipment shall- excavation, shaft, earthworks, underground
(a) be of good design and construction taking works or tunnel-
into account as far as possible ergonomic (a) by suitable shoring or otherwise to guard
principles; against danger to workers from a fall or
(b) be maintained in good working order; dislodgement of earth, rock or other material;
(c) be properly used; (b) to guard against dangers arising from the fall
(d) be operated by workers who have received of persons, materials or objects or the inrush of
appropriate training in accordance with national water into the excavation, shaft, earthworks,
laws and regulations. underground works or tunnel;
2. On all construction sites on which vehicles, (c) to secure adequate ventilation at every
earth-moving or materials-handling equipment workplace so as to maintain an atmosphere fit
are used- for respiration and to limit any fumes, gases,
(a) safe and suitable access ways shall be vapours, dust or other impurities to levels which
provided for them; and are not dangerous or injurious to health and are
(b) traffic shall be so organized and controlled as within limits laid down by national laws or
to secure their safe operation. regulations;
(d) to enable the workers to reach safety in the
ARTICLE 17
event of fire, or an inrush of water or material;
PLANT, MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT AND (e) to avoid risk to workers arising from possible
HAND TOOLS underground dangers such as the circulation of
1. Plant, machinery and equipment, including fluids or the presence of pockets of gas, by
hand tools, both manual and power driven, shall- undertaking appropriate investigations to locate
(a) be of good design and construction, taking them.
into account as far as possible ergonomic
ARTICLE 20
principles;
(b) be maintained in good working order; COFFERDAMS AND CAISSONS
(c) be used only for work for which they have 1. Every cofferdam and caisson shall be-
been designed unless a use outside the initial (a) of good construction and suitable and sound
design purposes has been assessed by a material and of adequate strength;
competent person who has concluded that such (b) provided with adequate means for workers to
use is safe; reach safety in the event of an inrush of water or
(d) be operated by workers who have received material.
appropriate training. 2. The construction, positioning, modification or
2. Adequate instructions for safe use shall be dismantling of a cofferdam or caisson shall take
provided where appropriate by the manufacturer place only under the immediate supervision of a
or the employer, in a form understood by the competent person.
users. 3. Every cofferdam and caisson shall be
3. Pressure plant and equipment shall be inspected by a competent person at prescribed
examined and tested by a competent person in intervals.
cases and at times prescribed by national laws or
ARTICLE 21
regulations.
WORK IN COMPRESSED AIR
ARTICLE 18
1. Work in compressed air shall be carried out
WORK AT HEIGHTS INCLUDING only in accordance with measures prescribed by
ROOFWORK national laws or regulations.
1. Where necessary to guard against danger, or 2. Work in compressed air shall be carried out
where the height of a structure or its slope only by workers whose physical aptitude for
exceeds that prescribed by national laws or such work has been established by a medical
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

examination and when a competent person is ARTICLE 27

present to supervise the conduct of the
EXPLOSIVES
operations.
Explosives shall not be stored, transported,
ARTICLE 22 handled or used except-
(a) under conditions prescribed by national laws
STRUCTURAL FRAMES AND FORMWORK
or regulations; and
1. The erection of structural frames and
(b) by a competent person, who shall take such
components, formwork, falsework and shoring
steps as are necessary to ensure that workers and
shall be carried out only under the supervision of
other persons are not exposed to risk of injury.
a competent person.
2. Adequate precautions shall be taken to guard ARTICLE 28
against danger to workers arising from any
HEALTH HAZARDS
temporary state of weakness or instability of a
1. Where a worker is liable to be exposed to any
structure.
chemical, physical or biological hazard to such
3. Formwork, falsework and shoring shall be so
an extent as is liable to be dangerous to health,
designed, constructed and maintained that it will
appropriate preventive measures shall be taken
safely support all loads that may be imposed on
against such exposure.
it.
2. The preventive measures referred to in
ARTICLE 23 paragraph 1 above shall comprise-
(a) the replacement of hazardous substances by
WORK OVER WATER
harmless or less hazardous substances wherever
Where work is done over or in close proximity
possible; or
to water there shall be adequate provision for-
(b) technical measures applied to the plant,
(a) preventing workers from falling into water;
machinery, equipment or process; or
(b) the rescue of workers in danger of drowning;
(c) where it is not possible to comply with
(c) safe and sufficient transport.
subparagraphs (a) or (b) above, other effective
ARTICLE 24 measures, including the use of personal
protective equipment and protective clothing.
DEMOLITION 3. Where workers are required to enter any area
(a) appropriate precautions, methods and in which a toxic or harmful substance may be
procedures shall be adopted, including those for present, or in which there may be an oxygen
the disposal of waste or residues, in accordance deficiency, or a flammable atmosphere, adequate
with national laws or regulations; measures shall be taken to guard against danger.
(b) the work shall be planned and undertaken When the demolition of any building or structure
only under the supervision of a competent might present danger to workers or to the public.
person. 4. Waste shall not be destroyed or otherwise
ARTICLE 25 disposed of on a construction site in a manner
which is liable to be injurious to health.
LIGHTING
Adequate and suitable lighting, including ARTICLE 29
portable lighting where appropriate, shall be FIRE PRECAUTIONS
provided at every workplace and any other place 1. The employer shall take all appropriate
on the construction site where a worker may measures to-
have to pass. (a) avoid the risk of fire;
ARTICLE 26 (b) combat quickly and efficiently any outbreak
of fire;
ELECTRICITY (c) bring about a quick and safe evacuation of
1. All electrical equipment and installations shall persons.
be constructed, installed and maintained by a 2. Sufficient and suitable storage shall be
competent person, and so used as to guard provided for flammable liquids, solids and gases.
against danger.
2. Before construction is commenced and during ARTICLE 30
the progress thereof adequate steps shall be PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
taken to ascertain the presence of and to guard AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
against danger to workers from any live 1. Where adequate protection against risk of
electrical cable or apparatus which is under, over accident or injury to health, including exposure
or on the site. to adverse conditions, cannot be ensured by
3. The laying and maintenance of electrical other means, suitable personal protective
cables and apparatus on construction sites shall equipment and protective clothing, having
be governed by the technical rules and standards regard to the type of work and risks, shall be
applied at the national level. provided and maintained by the employer,
without cost to the workers, as may be
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

prescribed by national laws or regulations. serves as a reminder that safe construction

2. The employer shall provide the workers with practices are not just a legal obligation but a
the appropriate means to enable them to use the fundamental human right.
individual protective equipment, and shall
ensure its proper use. MODULE 3
3. Protective equipment and protective clothing
shall comply with standards set by the LEGAL BASIS OF
competent authority taking into account as far as OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
possible ergonomic principles. HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES
4. Workers shall be required to make proper use
of and to take good care of the personal REPUBLIC ACT OF 11058
protective equipment and protective clothing
provided for their use. The primary legal basis for Occupational Safety
and Health (OSH) in the Philippines is Republic
ARTICLE 31 Act No. 11058, also known as "An Act
Strengthening Compliance with Occupational
FIRST AID
Safety and Health Standards and Providing
The employer shall be responsible for ensuring
Penalties for Violations Thereof," which
that first aid, including trained personnel, is
mandates employers to comply with OSH
available at all times. Arrangements shall be
standards and provides penalties for violations.
made for ensuring the removal for medical
attention of workers who have suffered an CHAPTER I
accident or sudden illness.
DECLARATION OF POLICY
ARTICLE 32
Section 1. Declaration of Policy. - The State
WELFARE affirms labor as a primary social and economic
1. At or within reasonable access of every force, and that a safe and healthy workforce is an
construction site an adequate supply of integral aspect of nation building. The
wholesome drinking water shall be provided. State shall ensure a safe and healthful workplace
2. At or within reasonable access of every for all working people by affording them full
construction site, the following facilities shall, protection against all hazards in their work
depending on the number of workers and the environment. It shall ensure that the provisions
duration of the work, be provided and of the Labor Code of the Philippines, all
maintained- domestic laws, and internationally-recognized
(a) sanitary and washing facilities; standards on occupational safety and health are
(b) facilities for changing and for the storage and being fully enforced and complied with by the
drying of clothing; employers, and it shall provide penalties for any
(c) accommodation for taking meals and for violation thereof.
taking shelter during interruption of work due to The State shall protect every worker against
adverse weather conditions. injury, sickness or death through safe and
3. Men and women workers should be provided healthful working conditions thereby assuring
with separate sanitary and washing facilities. the conservation of valuable manpower
resources and prevention of loss or damage to
ARTICLE 33
lives and properties consistent with national
INFORMATION AND TRAINING development goals, and with the State's
Workers shall be adequately and suitably- commitment to the total development of every
(a) informed of potential safety and health worker as a complete human being.
hazards to which they may be exposed at their The State, in protecting the safety and health of
workplace; the workers, shall promote strict but dynamic,
(b) instructed and trained in the measures inclusive, and gender-sensitive measures in the
available for the prevention and control of, and formulation and implementation of policies and
protection against, those hazards. programs related to occupational safety and
health.
Convention No. 167 represents a significant step
towards creating a global standard for CHAPTER II
occupational safety and health in construction.
GENEREAL PROVISIONS
By providing detailed guidelines and promoting
a culture of prevention, it aims to minimize risks Section 2. Coverage. - This Act shall apply to all
and protect the lives and health of construction establishments, projects, sites, including
workers worldwide. Its successful Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)
implementation relies on the commitment of establishments, and all other places where work
governments, employers, and workers to is being undertaken in all other places where
prioritize safety and work together to create work is being undertaken in all branches of
safer construction environments. The convention economic activity, except in public sector.
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall Philippines, and such other standards as may be
issue the number of employees, and nature of issued pursuant to this Act;
operations, and the risk or hazard involved. (k) Safety and health audit refers to a regular
and critical examination of project sites, safety
Section 3. Definition of Terms. As used in this
programs, records, and management
Act:
performance on programs, records, and
(a) Certified first-aider refers to any person
management performance on program standards
trained and duly certified to administer first aid
on safety and health;
by the Philippine Red Cross or any organization
(l) Safety and health committee refers to a body
authorized by the Secretary of Labor and
created within the workplace tasked with the
Employment;
authority to monitor, inspect and investigate all
(b) Competency standards refers to industry-
aspects of the work pertaining to the safety and
determined specification of proficiency required
health of workers.
for effective work performance. These are
(m) Safety and health program refers to a set of
expressed as outcomes with focus on workplace
detailed rules to govern the process and practices
activity rather than training or personal
in all economic activities to conform with OSH
attributes, and the ability to apply new skills in
standards, including the personnel responsible,
new situations or changing work organization;
and penalties for any violation thereof;
(c) Covered workplaces refer to establishments,
(n) Safety officer refers to any employee or
projects, sites and all other places where work is
officer of the company trained by the
being undertaken wherein the number of
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
employee, nature of operations, and risk or
and tasked by the employer to implement an
hazard involved in the business, as determined
occupational safety and health program, and
by the Secretary of Labor and Employment,
ensure that it is in accordance with the
require compliance with the provisions of this
provisions of OSH standards;
Act;
(o) Safety signage refers to any emergency,
(d) Employer refers to any person, natural or
warning or danger signpost or any safety
juridical, including the principal employer,
instruction using the standards colors and sizes,
contractor or subcontractor, if any, who directly
including the standards symbols for safety
or indirectly benefits from the services of the
instructions and warnings in the workplace,
employee;
prescribed by the DOLE; and
(e) Equipment refers to any machine with
(p) Workplace refers to any site or location
engine or electric motor as prime mover;
where workers need to be or to go to by reason
(f) General safety and health inspection refers
of their work, and which are under the direct or
to an examination pf the work environment
indirect control of the employer.
including the location and operation of
machinery other than those covered by technical CHAPTER III
safety audits, adequacy of work space,
DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF EMPLOYERS,
ventilation, lighting, conditions of work
WORKERS AND OTHER PERSONS
environment, handling, storage of work
procedures, protection facilities and other Section 4. Duties of Employers Workers an
possible sources of safety and health hazards in Other Persons. -
the workplace;
(g) Imminent danger refers to a situation caused (a) Every employer, contractor or subcontractor,
by a condition or practice in any place of if any, and any person who manages, controls or
employment that could reasonably be expected supervises the work being undertaken shall:
to lead to death or serious physical harm; (1) Furnish the workers a place of employment
(h) Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) refer free from hazardous conditions that are causing
to establishments employing less than ten (10) or are likely to cause death, illness or physical
employees, and establishments employing less harm to the workers;
than one hundred (100) employees, respectively. (2) Give complete job safety instructions or
(i) Occupational health personnel refers to a orientation to all the workers especially to those
qualified first aider, nurse, dentist or physician entering the job for the first time, including
engaged by the employer to provide those relating to familiarization with their work
occupational health services in the environment;
establishment, project, site or workplace; (3) Inform the workers of the hazards associated
(j) Occupational Safety and Heatlh (OSH) with their work health risks involved to which
standards refer to the Occupational Safety and they are exposed to, preventive measures to
Health Standards issued by the Secretary of eliminate or minimize the risks, and steps to be
Labor and Employment pursuant to Articles 168 taken in cases of emergency;
and 171, Chapter 2, Title I of Book Four of (4) Use only approved devices and equipment
Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended, for the workplace;
otherwise known as the Labor Code of the (5) Comply with OSH standards including
training medical examination and where
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

necessary, provision of protective and safety contractor or subcontructor, if any, shall provide
devices such as personal protective equipment his workers, free of charge, protective equipment
(PPE) and machine guards; for their eyes, face, hands and feet, and free, and
(6) Allow workers and their safety and health lifeline, safety belt or harness, gas or dust
representatives to participate actively in the respirators or masks, protective shields
process of organizing, planning, implementing whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous
and evaluating the safety and health program to work process or environment, chemical,
improve safety and health in the workplace; and radiological, mechanical and other irritants or
hazards capable of causing injury or impairment
(7) Provide, where necessary, for measures to
in the function of any part of the body through
deal with emergencies and accidents including
absorption, inhalation or physical contact. The
first-aid arrangements.
cost of the PPE shall be part of the safety and
(b) Every worker shall participate in ensuring
health program which is a separate pay item
compliance with OSH standards in the
pursuant to Section 20 of this Act. All PPE shall
workplace. The worker shall make proper use of
be of the appropriate type as tested and approved
all safeguards and safety devices furnished for
by the DOLE based on its standards. The usage
the worker's protection and that of others, and
of PPE in all establishments, projects, sites and
shall observe instructions to prevent accidents or
all other places where work is being undertaken
imminent danger situation in workplace. The
shall be based on the evaluation and
worker shall observe the prescribed steps to be
recommendation of the safety officer.
taken in cases of emergency. The worker shall
report to the supervisor any work hazard that Section 9. Safety Signage and Devices. - All
may be discovered in the workplace. establishments, projects, sites and all other
(c) It shall be the duty of any person, including places where work is being undertaken shall
the builder or contractor who visits, builds, have safety signage and devices to warn the
renovates or installs devices or conducts workers and the public of the hazards in the
business in any establishment or workplace, to workplace. Safety signage and devices shall be
comply with the provisions of this Act and all posted in prominent positions and strategic
other regulations issued by the Secretary of locations in a language understandable to all,
Labor and Employment. and in accordance with the standard set by the
(d) Whenever two(2) or more undertakings are DOLE.
engaged in activities simultaneously in one (1)
Section 10. Safety in the Use of Equipment. In
workplace, it shall be the duty of all engaged to
relation to the use of equipment, the employer,
collaborate in the application of OSH standards
contractor or subcontractor, if any, must comply
and regulations.
with the DOLE requirements in the different
Section 5. Workers' Right to Know. - The right phases of the company or project operation
to safety and health at work shall be guaranteed. including the transport to and from the
All workers shall be appropriately informed by establishment, project, site or place where work
the employer about all types of hazards in the is being undertaken.
workplace, provided access to training and
education on chemical safety, electrical safety
mechanical safety, and ergonomical safety. Section 11. Occupational Safety and Health
Information. - Workers in all establishments,
Section 6. Workers' Right to Refuse Unsafe
projects, sites and all other places where work is
Work. The worker has the right of refusal to
being undertaken shall be provided adequate and
work without threat or reprisal from the
suitable information by the employer, contractor
employer if, as determined by the DOLE, an
or subcontractor, if any, on safety and health
imminent danger situation exists in the
hazards, and the appropriate measures, including
workplace that may result in illness, injury or
the probable location of workers, for the
death, and corrective actions to eliminate the
prevention, control and protection against those
danger have not been undertaken by the
hazards.
employer.
CHAPTER IV
Section 7. Workers' Right to Report
Accidents. Workers and their representatives COVERED WORKPLACES
shall have the right to report accidents,
dangerous occurences, and hazards to the Section 12. Occupational Safety Health (OSH)
employer, to the DOLE and other concerned Program. - Covered workplaces shall have a
government agencies exercising jurisdiction as safety and health program including the
the competent authority in the specific industry following policies, guidelines or information:
or economic activity. (a) Statement of commitment to comply with
OSH requirements;
Section 8. Workers' Right to Personal (b) General safety and health, including a drug-
Protective Equipment (PPE). - Every employer, free workplace;
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

(c) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Section 14. Safety Officer. - To ensure that a
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome safety and health program is duly followed and
(AIDS)/tuberculosis/hepatitis prevention control; enforced, covered workplaces shall have safety
(d) Company or project details; officers who shall:
(e) Composition and duties of the safety and
(a) Oversee the overall management of the
health committee;
safety and health program;
(f) Occupational Safety and health personnel and
facilities; (b) Frequently monitor and inspect any health or
(g) Safety and health promotion, training and safety aspect of the operation being undertaken;
education;
(h) Conduct of toolbox meetings; (c) Assist government inspectors in the conduct
(i) Accident/incident/illness investigation, of safety and health inspection at any time
recording and reporting; whenever work is being performed or during the
(j) Provision and use of PPE; conduct of an accident investigation; and
(k) Provision of safety signage; (d) Issue work stoppage orders when necessary.
(l) Dust control and management, and
regulations on activities such as building of The number and qualification of the safety
temporary structures, and lifting and operation officers shall be proportionate to the total
of electrical, mechanical, communications number of workers and equipment, the size of
systems and other equipment; the work area and such other criteria as may be
(m) Provision of workers' welfare facilities; prescribed by the DOLE.
(n) Emergency preparedness and response plan;
In the case of a contractor or subcontractor, a
(o) Waste management system; and
safety officer must be deployed at each specific
(p) Prohibited acts and penalties for violations.
area of operations to oversee the management of
The safety and health program shall be prepared the safety and health programs of its own
and executed by the employer, contractor or workforce.
subcontractor, if any, in consultation with the
Section 15. Occupational Health Personnel
workers and their representatives and shall be
and Facilities. - Covered workplaces shall have
submitted to the DOLE which shall approved
qualified occupational health personnel such as
disapproved or modify the same according to
physicians, nurses, certified first-aiders, and
existing laws riles and regulations, and other
dentists duly complemented with the required
issuances.
medical supplies, equipment and facilities. The
The approved safety and health program shall be number of health personnel, equipment and
communicated and be made readily available to facilities. The number of health personnel,
all persons in the workplace. equipment and facilities, and the amount of
supplies shall be proportionate to the total
Section 13. Occupational Safety and Health number of workers and the risk of hazard
(OSH) Committee. - To ensure that the safety involved, the ideal ratio of which shall be
and health program observed and enforced, a prescribed by the DOLE.
safety and health committee shall be organized
in covered workplaces composed of the Section 16. Safety and Health Training. -
following:
(a) All safety and health personnel shall undergo
(a) Employer or representative as the the mandatory training on basic occupational
chairperson ex officio; safety and health for safety officers as prescribed
by DOLE.
(b) Safety officer of the company or project as (b) All workers shall undergo the mandatory
the secretary; eight (8) hours safety and health seminar as
(c) Safety officer representing the contractor or required by the DOLE which shall include a
subcontractor, as the case may be, as members; portion on joint employer-employee orientation.
(c) All personnel engaged in the operation,
(d) Physicians, nurses, certified first-aiders, and erection and dismantling of equipment and
dentists as members, ex officio,if applicable; and scaffolds, structural erections, excavations,
blasting operations, demolition, confined spaces
(e) Workers representatives who shall come
hazardous chemicals, welding, and flame cutting
from the union if the workers are organized or
shall undergo specialized instruction and
elected by the workers through a simple majority
training on the said activities.
vote if they are unorganized, as members.
Section 17. Occupational Safety and Health
The committee shall effectively plan develop,
Reports. - All employers, contractors or
oversee and monitor the implementation of the
subcontractors, if any, shall submit all safety
safety and health program.
health reports, and notifications prescribed by
the DOLE.
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

Section 18. Workers' Competency Employment or the Secretary's authorized

Certification. - In order to professionalize, representatives shall have the authority to
upgrade and update the level of competence of enforce the mandatory occupational safety and
workers, the Technical Education and Skills health standards in all establishments and
Development Authority (TESDA) or the conduct, together with representatives from the
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), as the labor and the employer sectors, an annual
the case may be, shall establish national spot audit on compliance with OSH standards.
competency standards and prepare guidelines on The Secretary or the Secretary's duly authorized
competence assessment and certification for representatives can enter workplaces at anytime
critical occupations. In this regard, all critical of the day or night where work is being
occupations shall undergo the mandatory performed to examine records and investigate
competence assessment and certification by the facts, conditions or matters necessary to
TESDA. An occupation shall be considered determine compliance with the provisions of this
critical when: Act.
(a) The performance of a job affects the people's
No person or entity shall obstruct, impede, delay
lives and safety;
or otherwise render ineffective the orders of the
(b) The job involves the handling of tools,
Secretary of Labor and Employment or the
equipment and supplies;
Secretary's duly authorized representatives
(c) The job requires a relatively long period of
issued pursuant to the authority granted under
education and training; and
Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Philippines,
(d) The performance of the job may compromise
and no lower court or entity shall issue
the safety, health and environmental concerns
temporary or permanent injunction or restraining
within the immediate vicinity of the
order or otherwise assume jurisdiction over any
establishment.
case involving the enforcement orders.
Section 19. Workers' Welfare Facilities. - All
The Secretary of Labor and Employment may
establishments, projects, sites and all other
likewise order stoppage of work or suspension
places where work is being undertaken shall
of operations of any unit or department of an
have the following welfare facilities in order to
establishment when noncompliance with law or
ensure humane working conditions:
implementing rules and regulations poses grave
(a) Adequate supply of safe drinking water;
and imminent danger to the health and safety of
(b) Adequate sanitary and washing facilities;
workers in the workplace.
(c) Suitable living accomodation for workers, as
may be applicable; and The procedure for inspecting work premises,
(d) Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping notifying employers of violations, and issuing
facilities for men and women workers as may be compliance or stoppage orders shall be pursuant
applicable. to the procedure laid down in Article 128 of the
Labor Code of the Philippines as implemented
Section 20. Cost of safety and Health
through relevant regulations issued by the DOLE
Program. - The total cost of implementing a
on administration and enforcement of labor
duly approved safety and health program shall
laws. The inspector or person authorized by the
be an integral part of the operations cost. It shall
DOLE to enforce compliance with OSH
be a separate pay item in construction and in all
standards shall present proper identification
contracting or subcontracting arrangements.
upon request, and such inspector or person shall
CHAPTER V only act within the authority or direction given
by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.
JOINT AND SOLIDARITY LIABILITY
The Secretary of Labor and Employment or the
Section 21. Employers' Responsibility and
Secretary duly authorized representatives shall
Liability. - The employer, project owner, general
inspect establishments and workplaces
contractor, contractor or subcontractor, if any,
regardless of the size and nature of operation.
and any person who manages, controls or
Any kind of self-assessment shall not take the
supervises the work being undertaken shall be
place of labor inspection conducted by the
jointly and solidarity liable for compliance with
DOLE. However, chartered cities may be
this Act.
allowed to conduct industrial safety inspections
CHAPTER VI of establishments within their jurisdiction in
coordination with the DOLE: Provided, That
ENFORCEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL they have adequate facilities and competent
SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS personnel for purpose as determines by the
Section 22. Visitorial Power of the Secretary of DOLE, and subject to national standards
Labor and Employment. - Pursuant to Article established by the latter.
128 of the Labor Code of the Philippines and Section 23. Payment of Workers During Work
other applicable laws, the Secretary of Labor and Stoppage Due to Imminent Danger. - If
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

stoppage of work due to imminent danger occurs thousand pesos (₱100,000.00) per day until the
as a result of the employer's violation or fault, violation is corrected, counted from the date the
the employer shall pay the workers concerned employer or contructor is notified of the
their wages during the period of such stoppage violation or the date the compliance order is duly
of work or suspension of operation. For served on the employer. The amount of fine
purposes of payment of wages and any other imposed shall depend on the frequency or
liabilities arising from a work stoppage order is gravity of the violation committed or the damage
issued secondary to an imminent danger caused: Provide, however, That the maximum
situation which would imperil the lives of the amount shall be imposed only when the
workers. violation exposes the workers to a risk of death,
serious injury or serious illness.
Section 24. Delegation of Authority. - The
authority to enforce mandatory OSH standards (b) An employer, contructor or subcontructor
may be delegated by the Secretary of Labor and who willfully fails or refuses to comply with the
Employment to a competent government required OSH standards or with a duly issued
authority. compliance order, and engages in any of the
following acts to aid, conceal or facilitate such
Section 25. Standards Setting Power of the
noncompliance shall be liable for a maximum of
Secretary of Labor and Employment. - The
One hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00)
Secretary of Labor and Employment shall, in
administrative fine separate from the daily fine
consultation with the other concerned
imposed above:
government agencies and relevant stakeholders,
(1) Repeated obstruction, delay or refusal to
by appropriate orders, set and enforce mandatory
provide the Secretary of Labor and Employment
OSH standards to eliminate or reduce
or any of its authorized representatives access to
occupational safety and health hazards
the covered workplace or refusal to provide or
depending on the number of employees of the
allow access to relevant records and documents
establishment, the nature of its business
or obstruct the conduct of investigation of any
operations, and the risk or hazard involved.
fact necessary in determining compliance with
The Secretary shall also institute new, and OSH standards;
update existing programs to ensure safe and (2) Misrepresentation in relation to adherence to
healthy working conditions in all workplaces OSH standards, knowing such statement, report
especially in hazardous industries such as a or record submitted to the DOLE to be false in
mining, fishing, construction, and the maritime any material aspect;
industry. (3) Making retaliatory measures such as
termination of employment, refusal to pay,
Section 26. Employee's Compensation Claim. - reducing wages and benefits or in any manner
A worker may file claims for compensation discriminates against any workers who has given
benefit arising out of work-related disability or information relative to the inspection being
death. Such claims shall be processed conducted.
independently of the finding of fault, gross
negligence or bad faith of the employer in a CHAPTER VII
proceeding instituted for the purpose.
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 27. Incentives to Employers. - There
Section 29. Updated DOLE Computerized
shall be an established package of incentives
Labor Law Compliance System. - The Secretary
under such riles and regulations as may be
of Labor and Employment shall maintain an
promulgated by the DOLE to qualified
updated labor inspection system of computerized
employers to recognize their efforts toward
gathering and generation of real time data on
ensuring compliance with OSH and general
compliances, monitoring of enforcement, and a
labor standards such as OSH training packages,
system of notification on workplace accidents
additional protective equipment, technical
and injuries.
guidance, recognition awards and other similar
incentives. Section 30. Applicability to Micro and Small
Enterprises (MSEs). - Specific to MSEs, the
Section 28. Prohibited Acts. - The following are
DOLE shall develop OSH core compliance
considered as prohibited acts:
standards to ensure safe and healthy workplaces.
(a) Willful failure or refusal of an employer, All MSEs shall be required to implement the
contructor or subcontructor to comply with the prescribed standards for housekeeping, materials
required OSH standards or with a compliance handling and storage, electrical and mechanical
order issued by the Secretary of Labor and safety and PPE, and to monitor hazards
Employment or by the Secretary's authorized regularly.
representative shall make such employer,
Section 31. Inter-Governmental Coordination
contructor or subcontructor liable for an
and Cooperation. - The DOLE shall institute a
administrative fine not exceeding One hundred
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

mechanism for coordination with the

Department of Environment and Natural SECTION 1. DEFINITION OF TERMS. As
Resources, Department of Energy, Department used herein, the terms below shall be defined as
of Transportation, Department of Agriculture, follows:
Departmen of Publis Works and Highways, a) "Accredited organization" means any
Department of Trade and Industry, Department organization duly accredited by the Department
of the Interior and Local Government, of Labor and Employment (DOLE) delegated or
Department of Health, Department of authorized to perform functions related to
Information and Communications Technology, improvement of occupational safety and health
PEZA and all other government agencies, in the form of training, testing, certification,
including local government units, within sixty safety and health auditing or any other similar
(60) days from the issuance of the implementing activity.
rules and regulations of this Act. They shall b) "Certified first-aider" means any person
regularly convene to monitor the effective trained and duly certified or qualified to
implementation of this Act as well as the related administer first-aid by the Philippine National
programs and projects that are established to Red Cross or by any organization accredited by
prevent and eliminate the incidence of injury, the same.
sickness or death in all workplaces. c) "Construction project
manager/consultant" means a person or entity
Section 32. Implementing Rules and
who is hired by the project owner, to act in the
Regulations. -The Secretary of Labor and
owner's behalf concerning supervision and
Employment, in coordination with agencies
monitoring of all matters related to the overall
concerned, shall formulate the rules and
execution of a construction project. The
regulations within ninety (90) days after the
construction project manager shall be a separate
effectivity of this Act.
entity from the general constructor or any
Section 33. Separability Clause. - If any part, subcontractor of the construction project.
section or provision of this Act shall be held d) "Construction safety and health
invalid or unconstitutional, the other provisions committee" means the general safety and health
not affected by such declaration shall remain in committee for a construction project site that
full force and effect. shall be the overall coordinator in implementing
OSH programs.
Section 34. Repealing Clause. - All laws, acts e) "Construction safety and health
decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations officer" means any employee/worker trained
or other issuances or parts thereof which are and, in addition to their regular duties and
inconsistent with this Act are hereby modified or responsibilities, tasked by his employer to
repealed. implement occupational safety and health
Section 35. Effectivity. - This Act shall take programs in accordance with the provisions of
effect after fifteen (15) days after its publication the Occupational Safety and Health Standards
in the Official Gazette or at least two (2) (OSHS).
newspapers of general circulation. f) "Construction safety and health
program" refers to a set of detailed rules to
MODULE 4 cover the processes and practices that shall be
utilized in a specific construction project site in
[ DOLE DEPARTMENT ORDER conformity with the OSHS including the
personnel responsible and the penalties for
NO. 13, s. 1998, July 23, 1998 ]
violations thereof.
GUIDELINES GOVERNING g) "Construction safety signage" refers to any,
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH but not limited to, emergency or danger sign,
IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY warning sign or safety instruction, of standard
colors and sizes in accordance with the
In the interest of ensuring the protection and specifications for standard colors of signs for
welfare of workers employed in the construction safety instructions and warnings in building
industry, the protection and welfare of the premises as described in Table II of the OSHS.
general public within and around the immediate h) "Constructor" is deemed synonymous with
vicinity of any construction worksite as well as the term "builder". It refers to any person or
the promotion of harmonious employer- organization who undertakes or offers to
employee relationships in the construction undertake or purports to have the capacity to
industry, and after consultations with the undertake or submits a bid to, or does himself or
stakeholders in the construction industry, taking by or through others, construct, alter, repair, add
into consideration industry p ractices and to, subtract from, improve, move, wreck or
applicable government requirements, the demolish any building, highway, road, railroad,
following guidelines are hereby issued for all excavation or other structure, project,
concerned: development or improvement, or to do any part
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

thereof, including the erection of scaffolding or and critical examination of project sites, safety
other structures or works in connection programs, records and management performance
therewith. The term constructor includes on program standards on safety and health.
subcontractor and specialty contractor. r) "Safety and health committee" means a
i) "Emergency health provider" means any group tasked with the authority to monitor,
person or organization who is certified or inspect, and investigate all aspects of the
recognized by the Department of Health and construction project pertaining to health and
who can provide the same or equivalent safety of construction workers.
emergency health services as an emergency s) "Safety organization" means any
hospital, including emergency treatment of organization recognized and accredited by the
workers on site, emergency transport and care DOLE to conduct occupational safety and health
during transport of injured workers to the nearest training and/or safety and health audit.
hospital, with adequate personnel, supplies and t) "Safety personnel" refers to any person
facilities for the complete immediate treatment engaged by any constructor, trained, accredited
of injuries or illnesses. by DOLE and tasked to provide occupational
j) "General constructor" means a constructor safety and health services for the
who has general supervision over other workers/employees in any construction project.
constructors in the execution of the project and u) "Skills standards" refers to the written
who directly receives instructions from the specification of the minimum stock knowledge
owner or construction project manager (if one is and skills a worker should possess to perform
appointed by the owner). the functions identified in the job description of
k) "General safety and health his occupation.
inspection" refers to inspection of the work v) "Technical safety inspection" refers to
environment, including the location and inspection for the purpose of safety
operation of machinery other than those covered determination of boilers, pressure vessels,
by technical safety inspections, adequacy of internal combustion engines, electrical
work space, ventilation, lighting, conditions of installations, elevators, hoisting equipment and
work environment, handling, storage or work other mechanical equipment.
procedures, protection facilities and other safety w) "Trade test" refers to an instrument used to
and health hazards in the workplace. measure workers' skills and knowledge based on
l) "Heavy equipment" refers to any machine the requirements of the skills.
with engine or electric motor as prime mover x) "Treatment Room" refers to any enclosed
used either for lifting, excavating, leveling, area or room equipped with the necessary
drilling, compacting, transporting and breaking medical facilities and supplies, and located
works in the construction site, such as but not within the premises of the establishment where
limited to crane, bulldozer, backhoe, grader, road workers maybe brought for examination and
compactor, prime mover and trailer, with treatment of their injuries or illnesses in cases of
minimum operating weight and horsepower emergency.
rating of 1,000 KG and 10 HP, respectively. y) "Tool box meeting or gang meeting" refers
m) "Imminent danger" means a condition or to daily meeting among workers and their
practice that could reasonably be expected to respective supervisors for the purpose of
cause death or serious physical harm before instruction, discussion and proper briefing on the
abatement under the normal enforcement planned work, the assessment of past work, the
procedures can be accomplished. possibility or actual occurrence of accidents at
n) "Occupational health personnel" refers to a the site, tips and suggestions on how to prevent
qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist, or physician, possible accidents and other related matters.
engaged by the employer to provide z) "Unguarded surface" refers to any working
occupational health services in the surface above water or ground, temporary or
establishment/undertaking. permanent floor platform, scaffold construction
o) "Project Manager" means the overall or wherever workers are exposed to the
technical personnel of the general contractor possibility of falls hazardous to life or limb.
and/or the subcontractor in charge of the actual
execution of a construction project. SECTION 2. JURISDICTION — The DOLE,
p) "Resident engineer" means a duly licensed through the Secretary of Labor and
engineer who shall be tasked to be present at the Employment, has the exclusive jurisdiction in
construction site at all times, whenever work is the preparation of Occupational Safety and
being undertaken, and shall have the Health Standards (OSHS) for the Construction
responsibility of assuring the technical Industry including its very enforcement, as
conformance of all designs, materials, processes, provided for by law.
work procedures rendered for the execution of
the construction project, including safety and 2.1. As embodied in Article 162, Chapter 2, Title
health of all persons within the construction site. I of Book Four of The Labor Code of the
q) "Safety and health audit" refers to a regular Philippines, "The Secretary of Labor and
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

Employment shall by appropriate orders set and other orders and issuances issued by the DOLE.
enforce mandatory occupational safety and The Construction Project Manager, or in his
health standards to eliminate or reduce absence, the Project Manager as authorized by
occupational safety and health hazards in all the owner, shall be responsible for compliance
work places and institute new and update with this Section.
existing programs to ensure safe and healthful 5.1 The Construction Safety and Health Program
conditions in all places of employment." shall state the following:
a) composition of the Construction Safety and
2.2. As embodied in Article 165, Chapter 2, Title Health Committee, if one has been formed,
I of Book Four of The Labor Code of the otherwise, an undertaking to organize such
Philippines, "(a) The Department of Labor and committee and appoint its members before the
Employment shall be solely responsible for the start of construction work at the project site;
administration and enforcement of occupational b) specific safety policies which the General
safety and health laws, regulations and standards Constructor undertakes to observe and maintain
in all establishments and workplaces wherever in its construction site, including the frequency
they may be located". of and persons responsible for conducting
toolbox and gang meetings;
SECTION 3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY c) penalties and sanctions for violations of the
AND ACCREDITATION — The authority to Construction Safety and Health Program;
enforce mandatory occupational safety and d) frequency, content and persons responsible
health standards in the construction industry may for orienting, instructing and training all workers
be delegated in part by the Secretary of Labor at the site with regard to the Construction Safety
and Employment, under the following and Health Program under which they operate;
conditions: and
e) the manner of disposing waste arising from
a) Chartered Cities and Municipalities may be the construction.
allowed to conduct Technical Safety Inspections
5.2 The Construction Safety and Health Program
and general safety audit of construction project
shall be executed and verified by the
sites within their respective jurisdiction where
Construction Project Manager or Project
they have adequate facilities and competent
Manager and shall be submitted to the Bureau of
personnel for the purpose as determined by the
Working Conditions (BWC) which may
DOLE and subject to national standards
approve, disapprove or modify the same
established by the latter, provided they submit
according to existing laws, rules and regulations
for approval an application for such authority.
and other issuances by the DOLE.
b) Private Safety Organizations with adequate
facilities and competent personnel for the
5.3 The cost of implementing the Construction
purpose, may be accredited by DOLE to conduct
Safety and Health Program shall be integrated
technical and/or general Safety and Health Audit
into the project's construction cost, provided,
of construction project sites, for and in behalf of
that said cost shall be a separate pay item, duly
the company or establishment.
quantified and stated in the project's tender
c) Accreditation of safety organizations and
documents and construction contract documents.
practitioners shall be in accordance with Rule
1030 of the OSHS.
SECTION 6. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT — Every employer shall, at his
SECTION 4. COVERAGE — This issuance
own expense, furnish his workers with
shall apply to all operations and undertakings in
protective equipment for eyes, face, hands and
the construction industry and its subdivisions
feet, lifeline, safety belt/harness, protective
namely, general building construction, general
shields and barriers whenever necessary by
engineering construction and specialty trade
reason of the hazardous work process or
construction, based on the classification code of
environment, chemical or radiological or other
the Philippine Construction Accreditation Board
mechanical irritants or hazards capable of
(PCAB) of the Construction Industry Authority
causing injury or impairment in the function of
of the Philippines (CIAP); to companies and
any body part through absorption, inhalation or
entities involved in demolition works; and to
physical agent.
those falling within the construction industry as
Provision of personal protective equipment
may be determined by the Secretary of Labor
(PPE) shall be in accordance with Rule 1080 of
and Employment.
the OSHS. The equivalent cost for the provision
of PPE (life span, depreciation, replacement,
SECTION 5. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
etc.) shall be an integral part of the project cost.
AND HEALTH PROGRAM — Every
construction project shall have a suitable
6.1 The employer shall provide adequate and
Construction Safety and Health Program, which
approved type of protective equipment. Workers
must be in accordance with these rules, and
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

within the construction project site shall be provide for a representative, who shall have the
required to wear the necessary PPE at all times. same qualifications as a Safety Man/Officer, to
oversee the management of the Construction
6.2 Construction workers who are working from Safety and Health Program for the
unguarded surfaces six (6) meters or more above subcontractor's workforce and the specific area
water or ground, temporary or permanent floor of work operations in accordance with the
platform, scaffold or where they are exposed to requirements of Rule 1033 of the OSHS.
the possibility of falls hazardous to life or limb,
must be provided with safety harnesses and life All safety personnel who will be employed by an
lines. employer on full-time basis should be accredited
by the BWC of the DOLE.
6.3 Specialty construction workers must be
provided with special protective equipment, such SECTION 8. EMERGENCY
as specialized goggles or respirators for welders OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PERSONNEL
and painters or paint applicators. AND FACILITIES

6.4 All other persons who are either authorized 8.1 The construction project owner or his duly
or allowed to be at a construction site shall wear authorized representative shall provide
appropriate PPE. competent emergency health personnel within
the worksite duly complemented by adequate
SECTION 7. SAFETY PERSONNEL — To medical supplies, equipment and facilities, based
ensure that a Construction Safety and Health on the total number of workers in the site as
Program is duly followed and enforced at the indicated below:
construction project site, each construction a) The services of a certified first-aider when the
project site is required to have the minimum total number of workers is fifty (50) or less;
required Safety Personnel, as described herein: b) The services of a full-time registered nurse
when the total number of workers exceeds fifty
7.1. The General Constructor must provide for a (50) but not more than two hundred (200);
full time officer, who shall be assigned as the c) The services of a full-time registered nurse, a
general construction safety and health officer to part-time physician and a dentist, and an
oversee full time the overall management of the emergency clinic when the total number of
Construction Safety and Health Program. The workers exceed two hundred (200) but not more
general construction safety and health officer than three hundred (300); and
shall frequently monitor and inspect any health d) The services of a full-time registered nurse, a
and safety aspect of the construction work being full-time physician, a dentist and an infirmary or
undertaken. He shall also assist government emergency hospital with one (1) bed capacity
inspectors in the conduct of safety and health when the number of employees exceed three
inspection at any time whenever work is being hundred (300). In addition, there should be one
performed or during the conduct of accident (1) bed capacity for every one hundred (100)
investigation. employees in excess of three hundred (300).
8.2 Where an employer provides only a
7.2. The General Constructor must provide for
treatment room, he shall provide for his workers
additional Construction Safety and Health
in case of emergency, access to the nearest
Officer/s in accordance with the requirements
medical/dental clinic or to a medical/dental
for Safety Man/Officer of Rule 1033 (Training
clinic located within five (5) kilometers radius
and Personnel Complement), depending on the
from the workplace and can be reached in
total number of personnel assigned to the
twenty-five (25) minutes of travel. Such access
construction project site, to oversee the effective
shall include the necessary transportation
compliance with the Construction Safety Health
facilities. In such situation, there shall be a
Program at the site, under the direct supervision
written contract with the medical/dental clinic to
of the general construction safety and health
attend to such workplace emergencies.
officer.
8.3 The engagement of an Emergency Health
7.3 The General Constructor must provide for
Provider for the construction project site shall be
one (1) Construction Safety and Health Officer
considered as having complied with the
for every ten (10) units of heavy equipment
requirement of accessibility to the nearest
assigned to the project site, to oversee the
hospital facilities.
effective compliance with the Construction
Safety and Health Program at the construction
8.4 The employer shall always have in the
project site, in terms of heavy equipment
construction site the required minimum
utilization and maintenance.
inventory of medicines, supplies and equipment
7.4 Each construction subcontractor must
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

as indicated in Table 47 of the OSHS. certified in accordance with the standards

prepared by DOLE or its recognized
organization/s prior to commissioning of said
SECTION 9. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
equipment.
SIGNAGES — Construction Safety Signages
must be provided to warn the workers and the 10.2 During Construction — The General
public of hazards existing in the workplace. Constructor must ensure that the following
Signages shall be posted in prominent positions conditions are met or complied with:
at strategic location and, as far as practicable, be
10.2.1 Mobilization or Transport of Heavy
in the language understandable to most of the
Equipment
workers employed.
a) Load restriction of trailers carrying such
heavy equipment.
9.1 The signages include but are not limited to:
b) Load restrictions, height and width clearances
a) Mandatory requirement on the usage of
as imposed by Department of Public Works and
personal protective equipment prior to entry to
Highways (DPWH) for all roads and bridges to
the project site.
be utilized during transport.
b) Areas where there are potential risks of falling
c) Only duly certified operators are allowed to
objects.
load and unload heavy equipment to trailer.
c) Areas where there are potential risks of
d) Equipment to be transported must be properly
falling.
secured to the trailer.
d) Areas where explosives and flammable
10.2.2 Erection/Set-up of Heavy Equipment
substances are used or stored.
a) Existing hazards must be avoided;
e) Areas where there are tripping or slipping
b) Standard checklist of steps and procedures
hazards.
must be observed.
f) Approaches to working areas where danger
c) List of necessary equipment, tools and
from toxic or irritant airborne
materials must be available and properly
contaminants/substances may exist which should
utilized.
indicate the name of the contaminant/substance
involved and the type of respiratory equipment
10.2.3 Routine Inspection — In the interest of
to be worn.
accident prevention, duly certified mechanics
g) All places where contact with or proximity to
and operators shall conduct daily routine
electrical/facility equipment can cause danger.
inspection of all heavy equipment deployed at
h) All places where workers may come in
the site in accordance with standards set by
contact with dangerous moving parts of
TESDA in coordination with the Association of
machineries or equipment.
Construction Equipment Lessors (ACEL, Inc.).
i) Location of fire alarms and firefighting
a) Routine inspection of all heavy equipment
equipment.
must be performed by DOLE accredited
j) Instructions on the usage of specific
professionals in accordance to standards set by
construction equipment.
DOLE recognized equipment suppliers.
k) Periodic updating of man-hours lost.
b) All equipment which do not comply with the
9.2 Signages should be regularly inspected and minimum safety standards for equipment
maintained in good condition. Signages that are certification shall be immediately removed from
damaged or illegible or that no longer apply the work site for restoration or repair until they
should be removed and replaced by the safety meet said standards or requirements.
officer, as needed. The General Constructor and the equipment
owner shall maintain a separate logbook for data
SECTION 10. SAFETY ON CONSTRUCTION on maintenance, repairs, tests and inspections for
HEAVY EQUIPMENT — In relation to heavy each heavy equipment. Such logbook shall be
equipment operation in all construction sites, the used as a necessary reference during the conduct
following are required in the different phases of of equipment inspection.
the project. 10.2.4 Certified Owners
a) Only duly certified operators shall be allowed
10.1 Pre-Construction — The General to operate their designated heavy equipment.
Constructor must ensure that appropriate b) All operators and riggers must wear personal
certification is obtained from DOLE duly protective equipment as prescribed in the above
accredited organizations for the following: pertinent sections.
a) All heavy equipment operators assigned at the
10.3 Post-Operation and Post-Construction
project site must be tested and certified in
The procedures for dismantling and
accordance with a standard trade test prescribed
demobilization of heavy equipment shall follow
by Technical Education and Skills Development
the same requirements as listed under 10.2.1 and
Authority (TESDA) in coordination with its
10.2.2 above.
accredited organization/s.
b) All heavy equipment must be tested and
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

SECTION 11. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY h) develop and maintain a disaster contingency

AND HEALTH COMMITTEE plan and organize such emergency service units
as may be necessary to handle disaster
11.1 Composition — To ensure that these rules situations; and
and the Construction Safety and Health Program i) perform all duties provided in the
are observed and enforced at the project site, Construction Safety and Health Program or
each site shall, at the start of the construction those that are necessary and incidental to the
have a construction safety and health committee fulfillment of their duties herein described.
composed of the following personnel as
SECTION 12. SAFETY AND HEALTH
described under Section 7 above:
INFORMATION
a) Project Manager or his representative as the
chairperson ex officio; 12.1 Workers should be adequately and
b) General Construction Safety and Health suitably:
Officer;
a) informed of potential safety and health
c) Construction Safety and Health Officers;
hazards to which they may be exposed at their
d) Safety representatives from each
workplace; and
subcontractor;
b) instructed and trained on the measures
e) Doctors, Nurses and other Health personnel,
available for the prevention, control and
pursuant to the requirements state in Rule 1042
protection against those hazards.
of the OSHS, who shall be members ex officio;
f) Workers' representatives (minimum of 3, 12.2 No person shall be deployed in a
union members if organized, not necessarily construction site unless he has undergone a
from one employer). safety and health awareness seminar conducted
by the Occupational Safety and Health Center
The persons constituting the Safety and Health
(OSHC), BWC and other concerned offices of
Committee shall, as far as practicable, be found
DOLE or by safety professionals or safety
at the construction site whenever construction
organizations or other institutions DOLE has
work is being undertaken.
accredited or recognized. The DOLE in
The time spent by the members of the Safety and
collaboration with constructors shall promote
Health Committee in the performance of their
programs for the implementation of these
duties such as committee meetings, seminars and
awareness seminars for construction workers.
training, investigation and other tasks that
maybe assigned or planned by the committee
12.3 Every worker shall receive instruction
shall be considered hours worked and therefore
and training regarding the general safety and
compensable time.
health measures common to construction sites
which shall include:
11.2 Authority and Duties of the Construction
a) basic rights and duties of workers at the
Safety and Health Committee — The
construction site
chairperson shall convene the Construction
b) means of access and egress both during
Safety and Health Committee at regular intervals
normal work and in emergency situations
so as to effectively and efficiently monitor the
c) measures for good housekeeping
implementation of the Construction Safety and
d) location and proper use of welfare amenities
Health Program. As such, he shall have the
and first-aid facilities
following duties:
e) proper care and use of the items or personal
a) plan, develop and oversee the implementation protective equipment and protective clothing
of accident prevention programs for the provided the workers
construction project; f) general measures for personal hygiene and
b) direct the accident prevention efforts for the health protection
construction project in accordance with these g) fire precautions to be taken
rules and the Construction Safety and Health h) action to be taken in case of any emergency
Program; i) requirements of relevant health and safety
c) initiate and supervise the conduct of brief rules and regulations.
safety meetings or toolbox meetings everyday;
12.4The instruction, training and information
d) review reports of safety and health
materials, shall be given in a language or dialect
inspections, accident investigations;
understood by the worker. Written, oral, visual
e) prepare and submit to DOLE reports on
and participative approaches shall be used to
committee meetings;
ensure that the worker has assimilated the
f) provide necessary assistance to government
material.
inspecting authorities in the proper conduct of
their enforcement and other activities;
12.5 Each supervisor or any designated person
g) initiate and supervise safety and health
(e.g. foreman, leadman, gangboss, etc.) shall
training for employees;
conduct daily tool box or similar meetings prior
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

to starting the tasks for the day to discuss with measures/action for each hazard.
the workers and anticipate safety and health
problems related to every task and the potential In case of any dangerous occurrence or major
solutions to those problems. The supervisor shall accident resulting in death or permanent total
remind the workers on the necessary safety disability, the concerned employer shall initially
precautions that need to be undertaken. notify the DOLE Regional Office within twenty-
four (24) hours from occurrence. After the
12.6 Specialized instruction and training conduct of investigation by the concerned
should be given to: construction safety and health officer, the
employer shall report all permanent total
a) drivers and operators of lifting appliances,
disabilities to DOLE Regional Office on or
transport, earth-moving and materials-handling
before the 20th of the month following the date
equipment and machinery or any equipment of
of occurrence of accident using the
specialized or dangerous nature;
DOLE/BWC/HSD-IP-6 form.
b) workers engaged in the erection or
dismantling of scaffolds;
SECTION 15. CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
c) workers engaged in excavations at least one
SKILLS CERTIFICATES — In order to
meter deep or deep enough to cause danger,
professionalize, upgrade and update the level of
shafts, earthworks, underground works or
competence of construction workers, the TESDA
tunnels;
shall
d) workers handling explosives or engaged in
blasting operations; a) establish national skills standards for critical
e) workers engaged in pile-driving; construction occupations;
f) workers working in compressed air, b) prepare guidelines on skills testing and
cofferdams, and caissons; certification for critical construction occupations
g) workers engaged in the erection of c) accredit construction sector organizations in
prefabricated parts of steel structural frames and the area of skills training and trade testing; and
tall chimneys, and in concrete work, form work d) extend relevant assistance to construction
and other such work; sector organizations.
h) workers handling hazardous substances and
In this regard, all construction workers in critical
materials;
occupations shall undergo mandatory skills
i) workers as signalers; and
testing for certification by TESDA.
j) other workers as maybe categorized by
TESDA.
An occupation shall be considered critical —
SECTION 13. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
a) when the performance of a job affects and
AND HEALTH TRAINING — The basic
endangers people's lives and limbs;
construction safety and health training shall be a
b) when the job involves the handling of tools,
forty (40)-hour training course as prescribed by
equipment and supplies;
the BWC. The training course shall include the
c) when the job requires a relatively long period
provisions of Rule 1410 of the OSHS. The
of education and training;
BWC, from time to time, may modify the basic
d) when the performance of the job may
construction safety and health training course, as
compromise the safety, health and environmental
the need arises.
concerns within the immediate vicinity of the
construction site.
All safety personnel involved in a construction
project shall be required to complete such basic SECTION 16. WORKERS' WELFARE
training course. Every constructor shall provide FACILITIES — The employer shall provide the
continuing construction safety and health following welfare facilities in order to ensure
training to all technical personnel under his humane working conditions:
employ. Continuing training shall be a minimum
of 16 hours per year for every full-time safety 16.1 Adequate supply of safe drinking water.
personnel. a) If the water is used in common drinking areas,
it should be stored in closed containers from
SECTION 14. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
which the water is dispensed through taps or
AND HEALTH REPORTS — All general
cocks. Such containers should be cleaned and
constructors shall be required to submit a
disinfected at regular intervals not exceeding
monthly construction safety and health report to
fifteen (15) days.
the BWC or to the DOLE Regional Office
b) Notices shall be conspicuously posted in
concerned. The report shall include a monthly
locations where there is water supply that is not
summary of all safety and health committee
fit for drinking purposes.
meeting agreements, a summary of all accident
investigations/reports and periodic hazards 16.2 Adequate sanitary and washing facilities
assessment with the corresponding remedial
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)

a) Adequate facilities for changing and for the order, the employer shall take appropriate
storage and drying of work clothes measures to protect his workers. The stoppage
b) Adequate accommodation for taking meals order shall remain in effect until the danger is
and shelter. removed or corrected. Non-compliance with the
order shall be penalized under existing
16.3 Suitable living accommodation for workers,
provisions of labor laws.
and as may be applicable, for their families

16.4 Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping SECTION 20. EFFECTIVITY

facilities for men and women workers.
This issuance shall serve as policy and
procedural guidelines for this Department and its
SECTION 17. COST OF CONSTRUCTION
agencies in the administration and enforcement
SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM — The
of applicable labor and social legislations and
total cost of implementing a Construction Safety
their implementing regulations.
and Health Program shall be a mandatory
integral part of the project's construction cost as
Nothing herein shall be construed to authorize
a separate pay item, duly quantified and
diminution or reduction of benefits being
reflected in the Project's Tender Documents and
enjoyed by employees at the time of issuance
likewise reflected in the Project's Construction
hereof.
Contract Documents.
This Department Order shall take effect
SECTION 18. MISCELLANEOUS — All
immediately.
provisions of other existing occupational safety
and health guidelines not inconsistent with the
Adopted: 23 July 1998
above Guidelines shall form part of this
Department Order.

All provisions other existing occupational safety

and health standards, rules and regulations not
specifically provided herein shall remain in full
force and effect.

In the event that any provision of this Guidelines

is declared invalid by competent authority, the
rest of the provisions thereof not affected shall
remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 19. VIOLATIONS AND

PENALTIES

19.1. As circumstances may warrant, the DOLE

shall refer to the Philippine Contractor's
Accreditation Board (PCAB) its findings, after
due process, on any act or omission committed
by construction contractors in violation of labor
standards, safety rules and regulations and other
pertinent policies. Any such violation committed
by construction contractors, whether general
constructors or sub-contractors, shall constitute
as prima facie case of a construction
malperformance of grave consequence due to
negligence, incompetence or malpractice
contemplated under R.A. 4566 (Constructors'
Licensing Law), as amended, and its
Implementing Rules and Regulations.

19.2. In cases of imminent danger situations,

the DOLE Regional Director shall issue a
stoppage order, in conformance with the
guidelines specified under Rule 1012.02 of the
OSHS and other pertinent issuances for stoppage
of operation or for other appropriate action to
abate the danger. Pending the issuance of the
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

(Legislation and Standards)

Topic Outline: OSH Legislation and OSH Standards

⁎ Bases of OSH in the Philippines
⁎ What is International Labor Organization?
⁎ ILO Key Instruments on Occupational Safety and Health
⁎ Articles on Safety and Health in Construction Convention

What is OSH? (recap)

OSH or Occupational Safety and Health refers to the discipline focused on the safety, health,
and welfare of people at work. In the Philippines, OSH encompasses a broad range of regulations,
and policies designed to ensure that working conditions are safe and conducive to the well-being of
employees. This includes the preventions of workplace accidents, injuries, and illnesses through
proactive measures and compliance with the Philippine legal standards.
Reference: [Link]

Bases of OSH in the Philippines

❖ Republic Act No. 11058:

o the Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards
Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof
o RA 11058 is a legislation that aims to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for
all employees. This Act mandates employers to comply with OSH standards and
provides strict penalties for any violations. It emphasizes the responsibility of employers
to prevent workplace accidents and illnesses by adhering to the prescribed safety
measures.
Reference: [Link]

❖ Department Order No. 198-18:

o DOLE is the primary agency responsible for enforcing OSH laws and regulations. This
serves as the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of RA 11058, providing detailed
guidelines for its enforcement.

o - The DO 198-18 from the Department of Labor and Employment is the Implementing
Rules and Regulations or IRR of RA 11058 al known as “An Act Strengthening
Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for
Violations Thereof “.

o It is a policy declaration affirming labor as a critical social and economic force. It

mandates a safe and healthy work environment for all workers, enforcing compliance
with the Labor Code and International Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards.

o DO 198-18 applies to all workplaces across various economic sectors, including those in
special economic zones, transportation utilities, and high-risk industries like mining and
construction. It excludes public sector entities such as national government and state
universities.
References: [Link]
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

❖ The Labor Code of the Philippines:

o Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended (May 1, 1974)
o A DECREE INSTITUTING A LABOR CODE THEREBY REVISING AND CONSOLIDATING
LABOR AND SOCIAL LAWS TO AFFORD PROTECTION TO LABOR, PROMOTE
EMPLOYMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND INSURE INDUSTRIAL
PEACE BASED ON SOCIAL JUSTICE
o This code contains various provisions related to labor standards, including those
pertaining to occupational safety and health.

Reference: [Link]

❖ Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS):

o These standards provide specific rules and guidelines for various industries and
workplaces, detailing how to address potential hazards.
o Occupational Safety and Health standards is a set of rules issued by DOLE which
mandates the adoption and user of appropriate practices, means, methods, operations
or processes, and working conditions to ensure safe and healthful employment.

Reference: [Link]

International Labor Organization (ILO)

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is devoted to promoting social justice and
internationally recognized human and labour rights, pursuing its founding mission that social justice is
essential to universal and lasting peace.

The only tripartite U.N. agency, since 1919 the ILO brings together governments, employers and
workers of 187 Member States, to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes
promoting decent work for all women and men.
Reference: [Link]

ILO Key Instruments on Occupational Safety and Health

The International Labour Organization (ILO) plays a crucial role in setting global standards for
occupational safety and health (OSH). The following are ILO key instruments which refers to the
most important and influential documents produced by the International Labour Organization (ILO)
that establish standards and guidelines for various aspects of work.
➢ ILO Convention No. 155 (Occupational Safety and Health)
o Adopted in 1981, this convention aims to improve occupational safety and health and
the working environment. It obligates governments to formulate a national policy on
OSH and requires employers to ensure safe working conditions for their employees.
Ref: [Link]

➢ ILO Recommendation No. 164

o Also adopted in 1981, this recommendation complements Convention No. 155 by
providing guidelines for its implementation. It emphasizes the importance of worker
participation in OSH matters and outlines measures for effective OSH programs.
Ref: [Link]
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

➢ ILO Convention No. 161 (Occupational Health Services)

o Adopted in 1985, this convention promotes the establishment of occupational health
services in workplaces, focusing on prevention and health promotion for all workers.
Ref: [Link]

➢ ILO Convention No. 167 (Safety and Health in Construction)

o This convention, adopted in 1988, specifically addresses safety and health in the
construction industry. It includes provisions for risk assessment, training, and protection
of vulnerable workers.
Ref: [Link]

➢ ILO Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems (ILO-OSH

2001):
o These guidelines provide a framework for developing effective OSH management
systems, emphasizing continuous improvement and the integration of OSH into overall
management practices.
ref: [Link]

Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988 (Article 01 to Article 33)

- C167, known as the Safety and Health in Construction Convention, was adopted in
1988 by the ILO.
- This convention aims to ensure that construction workers are protected from health and safety
risks.
- It emphasizes the importance of creating a safe working environment, providing adequate
training, and implementing safety measures to prevent accidents and injuries in the
construction industry.
(Note that this convention is comprise of 5 sections: SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS, GENERAL PROVISIONS, PREVENTIVE
AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES, IMPLEMENTATION, FINAL PROVISIONS. And a total of 44 articles, however we will only
be discussing up to Section III, Article 33)

I. SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

Article 1
▪ 1. This Convention applies to all construction activities, namely building, civil engineering, and
erection and dismantling work, including any process, operation or transport on a construction
site, from the preparation of the site to the completion of the project.

▪ 2. A Member ratifying this Convention may, after consultation with the most representative
organisations of employers and workers concerned, where they exist, exclude from the
application of the Convention, or certain provisions thereof, particular branches of economic
activity or particular undertakings in respect of which special problems of a substantial nature
arise, on condition that a safe and healthy working environment is maintained.

▪ 3. This Convention also applies to such self-employed persons as may be specified by national
laws or regulations.

Article 2
For the purpose of this Convention:
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

(a) The term construction covers:

(i) building, including excavation and the construction, structural alteration, renovation,
repair, maintenance (including cleaning and painting) and demolition of all types of
buildings or structures;

(ii) civil engineering, including excavation and the construction, structural alteration,
repair, maintenance and demolition of, for example, airports, docks, harbors, inland
waterways, dams, river and avalanche and sea defense works, roads and highways,
railways, bridges, tunnels, viaducts and works related to the provision of services such
as communications, drainage, sewerage, water and energy supplies;

(iii) the erection and dismantling of prefabricated buildings and structures, as well as
the manufacturing of prefabricated elements on the construction site;

(b) the term construction site means any site at which any of the processes or operations
described in subparagraph (a) above are carried on;

(c) the term workplace means all places where workers need to be or to go by reason of
their work and which are under the control of an employer as defined in subparagraph (e)
below;

(d) the term worker means any person engaged in construction;

(e) the term employer means:

(i) any physical or legal person who employs one or more workers on a construction
site; and

(ii) as the context requires, the principal contractor, the contractor or the subcontractor;

(f) the term competent person means a person possessing adequate qualifications, such as
suitable training and sufficient knowledge, experience and skill for the safe performance of the
specific work. The competent authorities may define appropriate criteria for the designation of
such persons and may determine the duties to be assigned to them;

(g) the term scaffold means any temporary structure, fixed, suspended or mobile, and its
supporting components which is used for supporting workers and materials or to gain access
to any such structure, and which is not a "lifting appliance" as defined in subparagraph (h)
below;

(h) the term lifting appliance means any stationary or mobile appliance used for raising or
lowering persons or loads;

(i) the term lifting gear means any gear or tackle by means of which a load can be attached
to a lifting appliance but which does not form an integral part of the appliance or load.

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 3
The most representative organizations of employers and workers concerned shall be consulted on the
measures to be taken to give effect to the provisions of this Convention.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

Article 4
Each Member which ratifies this Convention undertakes that it will, on the basis of an assessment of
the safety and health hazards involved, adopt and maintain in force laws or regulations which ensure
the application of the provisions of the Convention.

Article 5
1. The laws and regulations adopted in pursuance of Article 4 above may provide for their
practical application through technical standards or codes of practice, or by other appropriate
methods consistent with national conditions and practice.

2. In giving effect to Article 4 above and to paragraph 1 of this Article, each Member shall
have due regard to the relevant standards adopted by recognized international organizations
in the field of standardization.

Article 6
Measures shall be taken to ensure that there is co-operation between employers and workers, in
accordance with arrangements to be defined by national laws or regulations, in order to promote
safety and health at construction sites.

Article 7
National laws or regulations shall require that employers and self-employed persons have a duty to
comply with the prescribed safety and health measures at the workplace.

Article 8
1. Whenever two or more employers undertake activities simultaneously at one construction
site-

(a) the principal contractor, or other person or body with actual control over or primary
responsibility for overall construction site activities, shall be responsible for coordinating
the prescribed safety and health measures and, in so far as is compatible with national
laws and regulations, for ensuring compliance with such measures;

(b) in so far as is compatible with national laws and regulations, where the principal
contractor, or other person or body with actual control over or primary responsibility for
overall construction site activities, is not present at the site, he shall nominate a
competent person or body at the site with the authority and means necessary to ensure
on his behalf co-ordination and compliance with the measures, as foreseen in
subparagraph (a) above;

(c) each employer shall remain responsible for the application of the prescribed
measures in respect of the workers placed under his authority.

2. Whenever employers or self-employed persons undertake activities simultaneously at one

construction site, they shall have the duty to co-operate in the application of the prescribed
safety and health measures, as may be specified by national laws or regulations.

Article 9
Those concerned with the design and planning of a construction project shall take into account the
safety and health of the construction workers in accordance with national laws, regulations and
practice.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

Article 10
National laws or regulations shall provide that workers shall have the right and the duty at any
workplace to participate in ensuring safe working conditions to the extent of their control over the
equipment and methods of work and to express views on the working procedures adopted as they
may affect safety and health.

Article 11
National laws or regulations shall provide that workers shall have the duty to-

(a) co-operate as closely as possible with their employer in the application of the prescribed
safety and health measures;

(b) take reasonable care for their own safety and health and that of other persons who may
be affected by their acts or omissions at work;

(c) use facilities placed at their disposal and not misuse anything provided for their own
protection or the protection of others;

(d) report forthwith to their immediate supervisor, and to the workers' safety representative
where one exists, any situation which they believe could present a risk, and which they cannot
properly deal with themselves;

(e) comply with the prescribed safety and health measures.

Article 12
1. National laws or regulations shall provide that a worker shall have the right to remove
himself from danger when he has good reason to believe that there is an imminent and
serious danger to his safety or health, and the duty so to inform his supervisor immediately.

2. Where there is an imminent danger to the safety of workers the employer shall take
immediate steps to stop the operation and evacuate workers as appropriate.

III. PREVENTIVE AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Article 13
SAFETY OF WORKPLACES

1. All appropriate precautions shall be taken to ensure that all workplaces are safe and without
risk of injury to the safety and health of workers.

2. Safe means of access to and egress from all workplaces shall be provided and maintained,
and indicated where appropriate.

3. All appropriate precautions shall be taken to protect persons present at or in the vicinity of a
construction site from all risks which may arise from such site.

Article 14
SCAFFOLDS AND LADDERS

1. Where work cannot safely be done on or from the ground or from part of a building or other
permanent structure, a safe and suitable scaffold shall be provided and maintained, or other
equally safe and suitable provision shall be made.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

2. In the absence of alternative safe means of access to elevated working places, suitable and
sound ladders shall be provided. They shall be properly secured against inadvertent
movement.

3. All scaffolds and ladders shall be constructed and used in accordance with national laws and
regulations.

4. Scaffolds shall be inspected by a competent person in such cases and at such times as shall
be prescribed by national laws or regulations.

Article 15
LIFTING APPLIANCES AND GEAR

1. Every lifting appliance and item of lifting gear, including their constituent elements,
attachments, anchorages and supports, shall-

(a) be of good design and construction, sound material and adequate strength for the
purpose for which they are used;

(b) be properly installed and used;

(c) be maintained in good working order;

(d) be examined and tested by a competent person at such times and in such cases as
shall be prescribed by national laws or regulations; the results of these examinations
and tests shall be recorded;

(e) be operated by workers who have received appropriate training in accordance with
national laws and regulations.

2. No person shall be raised, lowered or carried by a lifting appliance unless it is constructed,

installed and used for that purpose in accordance with national laws and regulations, except in
an emergency situation in which serious personal injury or fatality may occur, and for which
the lifting appliance can be safely used.

Article 16
TRANSPORT, EARTH-MOVING AND MATERIALS-HANDLING EQUIPMENT

1. All vehicles and earth-moving or materials-handling equipment shall-

(a) be of good design and construction taking into account as far as possible ergonomic
principles;

(b) be maintained in good working order;

(c) be properly used;

(d) be operated by workers who have received appropriate training in accordance with
national laws and regulations.

2. On all construction sites on which vehicles, earth-moving or materials-handling equipment

are used-

(a) safe and suitable access ways shall be provided for them; and

(b) traffic shall be so organized and controlled as to secure their safe operation.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

Article 17
PLANT, MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT AND HAND TOOLS

1. Plant, machinery and equipment, including hand tools, both manual and power driven,
shall-

(a) be of good design and construction, taking into account as far as possible
ergonomic principles;

(b) be maintained in good working order;

(c) be used only for work for which they have been designed unless a use outside the
initial design purposes has been assessed by a competent person who has concluded
that such use is safe;

(d) be operated by workers who have received appropriate training.

2. Adequate instructions for safe use shall be provided where appropriate by the manufacturer
or the employer, in a form understood by the users.

3. Pressure plant and equipment shall be examined and tested by a competent person in cases
and at times prescribed by national laws or regulations.

Article 18
WORK AT HEIGHTS INCLUDING ROOFWORK

1. Where necessary to guard against danger, or where the height of a structure or its slope
exceeds that prescribed by national laws or regulations, preventive measures shall be taken
against the fall of workers and tools or other objects or materials.

2. Where workers are required to work on or near roofs or other places covered with fragile
material, through which they are liable to fall, preventive measures shall be taken against their
inadvertently stepping on or falling through the fragile material.

Article 19
EXCAVATIONS, SHAFTS, EARTHWORKS, UNDERGROUND WORKS AND TUNNELS

Adequate precautions shall be taken in any excavation, shaft, earthworks, underground works
or tunnel-

(a) by suitable shoring or otherwise to guard against danger to workers from a fall or
dislodgement of earth, rock or other material;

(b) to guard against dangers arising from the fall of persons, materials or objects or the inrush
of water into the excavation, shaft, earthworks, underground works or tunnel;

(c) to secure adequate ventilation at every workplace so as to maintain an atmosphere fit for
respiration and to limit any fumes, gases, vapours, dust or other impurities to levels which are
not dangerous or injurious to health and are within limits laid down by national laws or
regulations;

(d) to enable the workers to reach safety in the event of fire, or an inrush of water or
material;
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

(e) to avoid risk to workers arising from possible underground dangers such as the circulation
of fluids or the presence of pockets of gas, by undertaking appropriate investigations to locate
them.

Article 20
COFFERDAMS AND CAISSONS

1. Every cofferdam and caisson shall be-

(a) of good construction and suitable and sound material and of adequate strength;

(b) provided with adequate means for workers to reach safety in the event of an inrush
of water or material.

2. The construction, positioning, modification or dismantling of a cofferdam or caisson shall

take place only under the immediate supervision of a competent person.

3. Every cofferdam and caisson shall be inspected by a competent person at prescribed

intervals.

Article 21
WORK IN COMPRESSED AIR

1. Work in compressed air shall be carried out only in accordance with measures prescribed by
national laws or regulations.

2. Work in compressed air shall be carried out only by workers whose physical aptitude for
such work has been established by a medical examination and when a competent person is
present to supervise the conduct of the operations.

Article 22
STRUCTURAL FRAMES AND FORMWORK

1. The erection of structural frames and components, formwork, falsework and shoring shall
be carried out only under the supervision of a competent person.

2. Adequate precautions shall be taken to guard against danger to workers arising from any
temporary state of weakness or instability of a structure.

3. Formwork, falsework and shoring shall be so designed, constructed and maintained that it
will safely support all loads that may be imposed on it.

Article 23
WORK OVER WATER

Where work is done over or in close proximity to water there shall be adequate provision for-

(a) preventing workers from falling into water;

(b) the rescue of workers in danger of drowning;

(c) safe and sufficient transport.

Article 24
DEMOLITION

When the demolition of any building or structure might present danger to workers or to the
public-
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

(a) appropriate precautions, methods and procedures shall be adopted, including those
for the disposal of waste or residues, in accordance with national laws or regulations;

(b) the work shall be planned and undertaken only under the supervision of a
competent person.

Article 25
LIGHTING

Adequate and suitable lighting, including portable lighting where appropriate, shall be provided
at every workplace and any other place on the construction site where a worker may have to
pass.

Article 26
ELECTRICITY

1. All electrical equipment and installations shall be constructed, installed and maintained by a
competent person, and so used as to guard against danger.

2. Before construction is commenced and during the progress thereof adequate steps shall be
taken to ascertain the presence of and to guard against danger to workers from any live
electrical cable or apparatus which is under, over or on the site.

3. The laying and maintenance of electrical cables and apparatus on construction sites shall be
governed by the technical rules and standards applied at the national level.

Article 27
EXPLOSIVES

Explosives shall not be stored, transported, handled or used except-

(a) under conditions prescribed by national laws or regulations; and

(b) by a competent person, who shall take such steps as are necessary to ensure that
workers and other persons are not exposed to risk of injury.

Article 28
HEALTH HAZARDS

1. Where a worker is liable to be exposed to any chemical, physical or biological hazard to

such an extent as is liable to be dangerous to health, appropriate preventive measures shall be
taken against such exposure.

2. The preventive measures referred to in paragraph 1 above shall comprise-

(a) the replacement of hazardous substances by harmless or less hazardous substances

wherever possible; or

(b) technical measures applied to the plant, machinery, equipment or process; or

(c) where it is not possible to comply with subparagraphs (a) or (b) above, other
effective measures, including the use of personal protective equipment and protective
clothing.

3. Where workers are required to enter any area in which a toxic or harmful substance may be
present, or in which there may be an oxygen deficiency, or a flammable atmosphere,
adequate measures shall be taken to guard against danger.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

4. Waste shall not be destroyed or otherwise disposed of on a construction site in a manner

which is liable to be injurious to health.

Article 29
FIRE PRECAUTIONS

1. The employer shall take all appropriate measures to-

(a) avoid the risk of fire;

(b) combat quickly and efficiently any outbreak of fire;

(c) bring about a quick and safe evacuation of persons.

2. Sufficient and suitable storage shall be provided for flammable liquids, solids and gases.

Article 30
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

1. Where adequate protection against risk of accident or injury to health, including exposure to
adverse conditions, cannot be ensured by other means, suitable personal protective equipment
and protective clothing, having regard to the type of work and risks, shall be provided and
maintained by the employer, without cost to the workers, as may be prescribed by national
laws or regulations.

2. The employer shall provide the workers with the appropriate means to enable them to use
the individual protective equipment, and shall ensure its proper use.

3. Protective equipment and protective clothing shall comply with standards set by the
competent authority taking into account as far as possible ergonomic principles.

4. Workers shall be required to make proper use of and to take good care of the personal
protective equipment and protective clothing provided for their use.

Article 31
FIRST AID

The employer shall be responsible for ensuring that first aid, including trained personnel, is
available at all times. Arrangements shall be made for ensuring the removal for medical
attention of workers who have suffered an accident or sudden illness.

Article 32
WELFARE

1. At or within reasonable access of every construction site an adequate supply of wholesome

drinking water shall be provided.

2. At or within reasonable access of every construction site, the following facilities shall,
depending on the number of workers and the duration of the work, be provided and
maintained-

(a) sanitary and washing facilities;

(b) facilities for changing and for the storage and drying of clothing;

(c) accommodation for taking meals and for taking shelter during interruption of work
due to adverse weather conditions.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
CE 465A (BSCE 4B)
Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

3. Men and women workers should be provided with separate sanitary and washing facilities.

Article 33
INFORMATION AND TRAINING

Workers shall be adequately and suitably-

(a) informed of potential safety and health hazards to which they may be exposed at
their workplace;

(b) instructed and trained in the measures available for the prevention and control of,
and protection against, those hazards.
ref: [Link]

Convention No. 167 represents a significant step towards creating a global standard for
occupational safety and health in construction. By providing detailed guidelines and promoting a
culture of prevention, it aims to minimize risks and protect the lives and health of construction
workers worldwide. Its successful implementation relies on the commitment of governments,
employers, and workers to prioritize safety and work together to create safer construction
environments. The convention serves as a reminder that safe construction practices are not just a
legal obligation but a fundamental human right.
 L E G A L B A S I S O F

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH IN THE
PHILIPPINES
GROUP 3
BUSTILO - ANACAN - PEROCHO - PORRAS
 GREAT BUILDER

The primary legal basis for

Occupational Safety and Health
(OSH) in the Philippines is Republic
Act No. 11058, also known as "An Act
Strengthening Compliance with
Occupational Safety and Health
Standards and Providing Penalties
for Violations Thereof," which
mandates employers to comply with
OSH standards and provides
penalties for violations.

Republic Act of 11058

 R E P U B L I C A C T O F 1 1 0 5 8

SECTION 1:
DECLARATION OF POLICY
The State affirms labor as a
primary social and economic
force,and that a safe and
healthy workforce is an
integral aspect of nation
building
 SECTION 2:COVERAGE

This Act shall apply to all establishments, projects, sites, and including Philippine
Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) establishments, and all other places where work is
undertaken in all branches of economic activity, except in the public sector.

The Secratary of Labor and Employment shall issue the appropriate standards of
occupational safety and health based on the number of employees, nature of operation
and the risk or hazard involved.

SECTION 3: DEFINITION OF TERMS

a. Certified first Aider k. Safety and Health Audit
b. Competency Standard l. Safety and Health Committee
c. Covered Work Places m. Safety and Health Program
d. Employer n. Safety Officer
e. Equipment o. Safety Signage
f. General Safety and Health Inspection p. Workplace
g. Imminent danger
h. Micro and small Interprises (MSE)
i. Occupational Health Personnel
j. Occupation Safety and Health Standards
Section 4: Duty of Employers, Workers, and others

Employers are required to establish and implement a safety and

health program to address workplace hazards. Workers must adhere
to safety rules and use the provided protective gear. They are also
required to report hazards and unsafe conditions to the employer.

Section 5: Workers Right to know

The right to safety and health at work shall be guaranteed. All workers
shall be appropriately informed by the employer about all types of
hazards in the workplace, provided access to training and education
on chemical safety, and to orientation on the data sheet of chemical
safety, electrical safety, mechanical safety and ergonomical safety.

Section 6: Workers right to refuse unsafe work

The worker has the right of refusal to work without threat or reprisal
from the employer if, as determined by the DOLE, an imminent
danger situation in the work place that may result in illness, injury or
death, and corrective actions to eliminate the danger have not been
undertaken by the employer.
 Section 7: Workers right to report accidents

Worker and their representative shall have the right to report

accidents, danger occurrences, and hazards to the employer, to the
DOLE and to other concerned Government agencies exercising
jurisdiction as the competent authority in the specific industry or
economic activity.
Section 8: Workers Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
the responsibilities of employers to appoint and ensure the presence
of competent personnel who will be responsible for implementing
and overseeing the occupational safety and health standards in the
workplace.

Section 9: Safety signage and devices

All establishments, site, projects, and all other places where work is
being undertaken shall have safety signage and devices to warn the
workers and the public of the hazards in the workplace. Safety
signage and devices shall be posted in prominent positions at
strategic locations in a language understandable to all in accordance
with the standards set by the DOLE.
 Section 10: Safety in the use of equipment
In relation to the use of equipment, the employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, must
comply with the DOLE requirements in the different phases of the company or project
operation including the transport to and from the establishment, project, site, or places where
the work is being undertaken.
Section 11: Occupational Safety and Health Information

Workers in all establishments,projects,sites and all other places where work is being
undertaken shall be provided adequate and suitable information by the employer,contractor
or subcontractor,if any,on safety and health hazards,and the appropriate measures,including
the probable location of workers,for the prevention,control and protection against those
hazards.
Section 12: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)Program

Covered workplaces shall have a safety and health program

including the following policies,guidelines or information:
 1. Statement of commitment to comply with OSH requirements.
2. General safety and health,including a drug-free workplace.
3. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)and Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)/tuberculosis/hepatitis prevention and
control.
4. Company or project details The safety and health program shall be prepared and
5. Composition and duties of the safety and health committee. executed by the employer,contractor or
6. Occupational safety and health personnel and facilities. subcontractor,if any, in consultation with the
7. Safety and health promotion,training and education. workers and their representatives, and shall be
8. Conduct of toolbox meetings. submitted to the DOLE which shall approve,
9. Accident/inciderrt/illness investigation,recording and reporting disapprove or modify the same according to existing
10. Provision and use of PPE laws, rules and regulations,and other issuances
11. Provision of safety signage
12. Dust control and management,and regulations on activities such as
building of temporary structures,and lifting and operation of
electrical,mechanical,communications systems and other equipment
13. Provision of workers'welfare facilities
14. Emergency preparedness and response plan
15. Waste management system
16. Prohibited acts and penalties for violations.
Section 13: Occupational Safety and Health(OSH) Commitee

To ensure that the safety and health program is observed and enforced,a safety and health
committee shall be organized in covered workplaces composed of the following:
(a)Employer or a representative as the chairperson
(b)Safety officer of the company or project as the secretary;
(c)Safety officers representing the contractor or
subcontractor,as the case may be,as members;
(d)Physicians,nurses,certified first-aiders,and dentists as
members,exofficio,if applicable;and
(e)Workers'representatives who shall come from the union if the
workers are organized or elected by the workers through a simple
majority vote if they are unorganized,as members.
Section 14: Safety Officer
To ensure that a safety and health program is duly followed and enforced.
The number and qualification of safety officers shall be proportionate to the total number of
workers and equipment,the size of the work area and such other criteria as maybe prescribed by
the DOLE
 Section 15: Occupational Health Personnel and Facilitie
Covered workplaces shall have qualified occupational health personnel such as
physicians,nurses,certified first-aiders, and dentists duly complemented with the required
medical supplies,equipment and [Link] number of health personnel,equipment
and facilities,and the amount of supplies shall be proportionate to the total number of
workers and the risk or hazard involved,the ideal ratio of which shall be prescribed by the
DOLE.
Section 16: Safety and Health Training.

(a)All safety and health personnel shall undergo the mandatory training on basic
occupational safety and health for safety officers as prescribed by the DOLE.
(b)All workers shall undergo the mandatory eight (8) hours safety and health seminar as
required by the DOLE which shall include a portion on joint employer-employee
orientation.
(c)All personnel engaged in the operation,erection and dismantling of equipment and
scaffolds,structural erections, excavations,blasting operations,demolition,confined spaces,
hazardous chemicals,welding,and flame cutting shall undergo specialized instruction
and training on the said activities.
Section 17: Occupational Safety and Health Reports

All employers,contractors or subcontractors,if any,shall submit all safety and health

reports,and notifications prescribed by the DOLE.

Section 18: Workers'Competency Certification

In order to professionalize, upgrade and update the level of competence of

workers,the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)or the
Professional Regulation Commission(PRC),as the case may be, shall establish national
competency standards and prepare guidelines on competency assessment and
certification for critical occupations. In this regard, all critical occupations shall undergo the
mandatory competency assessment and certification by the TESDA.

An occupation shall be considered critical when:

(a)The performance of a job affects the people's lives and safety;
(b)The job involves the handling of tools, equipment and supplies;
(c)The job requires a relatively long period of education and training; and
(d)The performance of the job may compromise the safety, health and environmental
concerns within the immediate vicinity of the establishment
 Section 19: Workers'Welfare Facilities

All establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken
shall have the following welfare facilities in order to ensure humane working
conditions:
(a)Adequate supply of safe drinking water;
(b)Adequate sanitary and washing facilities;
(c)Suitable living accommodation for workers,as may be applicable;and
(d)Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities for men and women workers as
may be applicable.

Section: 20: Cost of Safety and Health Program

The total cost of implementing a duly approved safety and health program shall be an
integral part of the operations [Link] shall be a separate pay item in construction and in all
contracting or subcontracting arrangements.
 Section 21: Employer's Responsibility and Liability

The employer,project owner,general contractor,contractor or subcontractor,if any,and

any person who manages,controls or supervises the work being undertaken shall be
jointly and solidarily liable for compliance with this Act.

Section 22: Visitorial Power of the Secretary of Labor and Employment

Pursuant to Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Philippines and other applicable
laws,the Secretary of Labor and Employment or the Secretary's authorized
representatives shall have the authority to enforce the mandatory occupational
safety and health standards in all establishments and conduct,together with
representatives from the labor and the employer sectors,an annual spot audit on
compliance with OSH [Link] Secretary or the Secretary's duly authorized
representatives can enter workplaces at any time of the day or night where work is being
performed to examine records and investigate facts,conditions or matters necessary
to determine compliance with the provisions of this Act.
 Section 23: Payment of Workers During Work Stoppage Due to
Imminent Danger
If stoppage of work due to imminent danger occurs as a result of the employer's
violation or fault, the employer shall pay the workers concerned their wages during
the period of such stoppage of work or suspension of operations. For purposes of
payment of wages and any other liabilities arising from a work stoppage order, the
employer is presumed a party at fault if the work stoppage order is issued
secondary to an imminent danger situation which would imperil the lives of the
workers.

Section 24: Delegation of Authority

The authority to enforce mandatory OSH standards may be delegated by the
Secretary of Labor and Employment to a competent government authority.
Section 25: Standards Setting Power of the Secretary of
Labor and Employment
The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall,in consultation with the other concerned
government agencies and relevant stakeholders,by appropriate orders,set and enforce
mandatory OSH standards to eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health
hazards depending on the number of employees of the establishment, the nature of its
business operations,and the risk or hazard involved.
 Section 26: Employee's Compensation Claim

A worker may file claims for compensation benefit arising out of work-related
disability or [Link] claims shall be processed independently of the
finding of fault,gross negligence or bad faith of the employer in a proceeding
instituted for the purpose.

Section 27: Incentives to Employers

There shall be an established package of incentives under such rules and regulations
as may be promulgated by the DOLE to qualified employers to recognize their efforts
toward ensuring compliance with OSH and general labor standards such as OSH
training packages,additional protective equipment, technical guidance,recognition
awards and other similar incentives.
 Section 28: Prohibited Acts
(a)Willful failure or refusal of an employer,contractor or subcontractor to comply with
the required OSH standards or with a compliance order issued by the Secretary of
Labor and Employment or by the Secretary's authorized representative shall make
such employer,contractor or subcontractor liable for an administrative fine not
exceeding One hundred thousand pesos(P100,000.00)per day until the violation is
corrected,counted from the date the employer or contractor is notified of the violation
or the date the compliance order is duly served on the [Link] amount of fine
imposed shall depend on the frequency or gravity of the violation committed or
the damage caused:Provided,however,That the maximum amount shall be
imposed only when the violation exposes the workers to a risk of death,serious
injury or serious illness.
Section 29: Updated DOLE Computerized Labor Law Compliance System.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall maintain an updated labor

inspection system of computerized gathering and generation of real time data on
compliances,monitoring of enforcement, and a system of notification on workplace
accidents and injuries.
 Section 30: Applicability to Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs)
Specific to MSEs, the DOLE shall develop OSH core compliance standards to
ensure safe and healthy workplaces. All MSEs shall be required to implement
the prescribed standards for house keeping, materials handling and storage,
electrical and mechanical safety, chemical safety, emergency preparedness, fire safety
and PPE, and to monitor hazards regularly.

Section 31: Inter-Governmental Coordination and Cooperation

The DOLE shall institute a mechanism for coordination with the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources,Department of Energy,Department of
Transportation,Department of Agriculture,Department of Public Works and
Highways,Department of Trade and Industry,Department of the Interior and Local
Government, Department of Health,Department of Information and Communications
Technology,PEZA and all other government agencies,including local government
units,within sixty(60) days from the issuance of the implementing rules and
regulations of this [Link] shall regularly convene to monitor the effective implementation
of this Act as well as related programs and projects that are established to prevent and
eliminate the incidence of injury,sickness or death in all workplaces.
 Section 32: Implementing Rules and Regulations

The Secretary of Labor and Employment,in coordination with agencies

concerned,shall formulate the rules and regulations within ninety (90)days after the
effectivity of this Act.

Section 33: Separability Clause

If any part, section or provision of this Act shall be held invalid or unconstitutional, the
other provisions not affected by such declaration shall remain in full force and effect.

Section 34: Repealing Clause

All laws, acts, decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations or other issuances or
parts thereof which are inconsistent with this Act are hereby modified or repealed.
 THANK YOU FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION
Bustilo, Red
Anacan, Benedict
GROUP 3:
Perocho, Paolo
Porras. Jan Rovic
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

[ DOLE DEPARTMENT ORDER NO. 13, s. owner's behalf concerning supervision and
1998, July 23, 1998] monitoring of all matters related to the overall
execution of a construction project. The
GUIDELINES GOVERNING
construction project manager shall be a
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
separate entity from the general constructor or
HEALTH IN THE
any subcontractor of the construction project.
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
d) "Construction safety and health
In the interest of ensuring the protection and committee" means the general safety and health
welfare of workers employed in the committee for a construction project site that
construction industry, the protection and shall be the overall coordinator in
welfare of the general public within and around implementing OSH programs.
the immediate vicinity of any construction e) "Construction safety and health
worksite as well as the promotion of officer" means any employee/worker trained
harmonious employer-employee relationships and, in addition to their regular duties and
in the construction industry, and after responsibilities, tasked by his employer to
consultations with the stakeholders in the implement occupational safety and health
construction industry, taking into consideration programs in accordance with the provisions of
industry practices and applicable government the Occupational Safety and Health Standards
requirements, the following guidelines are (OSHS). f) "Construction safety and health
hereby issued for all concerned: program" refers to a set of detailed rules to
cover the processes and practices that shall be
SECTION 1. DEFINITION OF TERMS. utilized in a specific construction project site in
As used herein, the terms below shall be conformity with the OSHS including the
defined as follows: a) “Accredited personnel responsible and the penalties for
organization" means any organization duly violations thereof.
accredited by the Department of Labor and g) "Construction safety signage" refers to
Employment (DOLE) delegated or authorized any, but not limited to, emergency or danger
to perform functions related to improvement of sign, warning sign or safety instruction, of
occupational safety and health in the form of standard colors and sizes in accordance with
training, testing, certification, safety and health the specifications for standard colors of signs
auditing or any other similar activity. for safety instructions and warnings in building
b) "Certified first-aider" means any premises as described in Table II of the OSHS.
person trained and duly certified or qualified to h) "Constructor" is deemed synonymous
administer first-aid by the Philippine National with the term "builder". It refers to any person
Red Cross or by any organization accredited by or organization who undertakes or offers to
the same. undertake or purports to have the capacity to
c) "Construction project undertake or submits a bid to, or does himself
manager/consultant" means a person or entity or by or through others, construct, alter, repair,
who is hired by the project owner, to act in the add to, subtract from, improve, move, wreck or
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

demolish any building, highway, road, railroad, but not limited to crane, bulldozer, backhoe,
excavation or other structure, project, grader, road compactor, prime mover and
development or improvement, or to do any part trailer, with minimum operating weight and
thereof, including the erection of scaffolding or horsepower rating of 1,000 KG and 10 HP,
other structures or works in connection respectively.
therewith. The term constructor includes m) "Imminent danger" means a condition
subcontractor and specialty contractor. or practice that could reasonably be expected to
i) "Emergency health provider" means cause death or serious physical harm before
any person or organization who is certified or abatement under the normal enforcement
recognized by the Department of Health and procedures can be accomplished. n)
who can provide the same or equivalent "Occupational health personnel" refers to a
emergency health services as an emergency qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist, or
hospital, including emergency treatment of physician, engaged by the employer to provide
workers on site, emergency transport and care occupational health services in the
during transport of injured workers to the establishment/undertaking.
nearest hospital, with adequate personnel, o) "Project Manager" means the overall
supplies and facilities for the complete technical personnel of the general contractor
immediate treatment of injuries or illnesses. and/or the subcontractor in charge of the actual
j) "General constructor" means a execution of a construction project.
constructor who has general supervision over p) "Resident engineer" means a duly
other constructors in the execution of the licensed engineer who shall be tasked to be
project and who directly receives instructions present at the construction site at all times,
from the owner or construction project whenever work is being undertaken, and shall
manager (if one is appointed by the owner). have the responsibility of assuring the technical
conformance of all designs, materials,
k) "General safety and health inspection" processes, work procedures rendered for the
refers to inspection of the work environment, execution of the construction project, including
including the location and operation of safety and health of all persons within the
machinery other than those covered by construction site.
technical safety inspections, adequacy of q) "Safety and health audit" refers to a
workspace, ventilation, lighting, conditions of regular and critical examination of project
work environment, handling, storage or work sites, safety programs, records and
procedures, protection facilities and other management performance on program
safety and health hazards in the workplace. standards on safety and health.
l) "Heavy equipment" refers to any r) "Safety and health committee" means a
machine with engine or electric motor as prime group tasked with the authority to monitor,
mover used either for lifting, excavating, inspect, and investigate all aspects of the
leveling, drilling, compacting, transporting and construction project pertaining to health and
breaking works in the construction site, such as safety of construction workers. s) "Safety
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

organization" means any organization z) "Unguarded surface" refers to any

recognized and accredited by the DOLE to working surface above water or ground,
conduct occupational safety and health training temporary or permanent floor platform,
and/or safety and health audit. scaffold construction or wherever workers are
t) "Safety personnel" refers to any person exposed to the possibility of falls hazardous to
engaged by any constructor, trained, accredited life or limb.
by DOLE and tasked to provide occupational
safety and health services for the SECTION 2. JURISDICTION — The DOLE,
workers/employees in any construction project. through the Secretary of Labor and
u) "Skills standards" refers to the written Employment, has the exclusive jurisdiction in
specification of the minimum stock knowledge the preparation of Occupational Safety and
and skills a worker should possess to perform Health Standards (OSHS) for the Construction
the functions identified in the job description of Industry including its very enforcement, as
his occupation. provided for by law.
v) "Technical safety inspection" refers to
inspection for the purpose of safety 2.1. As embodied in Article 162,
determination of boilers, pressure vessels, Chapter 2, Title I of Book Four of The
internal combustion engines, electrical Labor Code of the Philippines, "The
installations, elevators, hoisting equipment and Secretary of Labor and Employment
other mechanical equipment. shall by appropriate orders set and
w) "Trade test" refers to an instrument enforce mandatory occupational safety
used to measure workers' skills and knowledge and health standards to eliminate or
based on the requirements of the skills. reduce occupational safety and health
hazards in all workplaces and institute
x) "Treatment Room" refers to any
new and update existing programs to
enclosed area or room equipped with the
ensure safe and healthful conditions in
necessary medical facilities and supplies and
all places of employment."
located within the premises of the
establishment where workers maybe brought
2.2. As embodied in Article 165,
for examination and treatment of their injuries
Chapter 2, Title I of Book Four of The
or illnesses in cases of emergency.
Labor Code of the Philippines, "(a) The
y) "Tool box meeting or gang meeting"
Department of Labor and Employment
refers to daily meeting among workers and
shall be solely responsible for the
their respective supervisors for the purpose of
administration and enforcement of
instruction, discussion and proper briefing on
occupational safety and health laws,
the planned work, the assessment of past work,
regulations and standards in all
the possibility or actual occurrence of accidents
establishments and workplaces
at the site, tips and suggestions on how to
wherever they may be located".
prevent possible accidents and other related
matters.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

SECTION 3. DELEGATION OF falling within the construction industry as may

AUTHORITY AND ACCREDITATION — be determined by the Secretary of Labor and
The authority to enforce Employment.
mandatory occupational safety and health
standards in the construction industry may be SECTION 5. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
delegated in part by the Secretary of Labor and AND HEALTH PROGRAM — Every
Employment, under the following conditions: construction project shall have a suitable
Construction Safety and Health Program,
a) Chartered Cities and Municipalities which must be in accordance with these rules,
may be allowed to conduct Technical Safety and other orders and issuances issued by the
Inspections and general safety audit of DOLE. The Construction Project Manager, or
construction project sites within their in his absence, the Project Manager as
respective jurisdiction where they have authorized by the owner, shall be responsible
adequate facilities and competent personnel for for compliance with this Section.
the purpose as determined by the DOLE and
subject to national standards established by the
latter, provided they submit for approval an 5.1 The Construction Safety and Health
application for such authority. Program shall state the following:
b) Private Safety Organizations with a) composition of the Construction Safety and
adequate facilities and competent personnel for Health Committee, if one has been formed,
the purpose, may be accredited by DOLE to otherwise, an undertaking to organize such
conduct technical and/or general Safety and committee and appoint its members before
Health Audit of construction project sites, for the start of construction work at the project
and in behalf of the company or establishment. site;
b) specific safety policies which the General
c) Accreditation of safety organizations
Constructor undertakes to observe and
and practitioners shall be in accordance with
maintain in its construction site, including
Rule 1030 of the OSHS.
the frequency of and persons responsible for
conducting toolbox and gang meetings;
SECTION 4. COVERAGE — This issuance
c) penalties and sanctions for violations of the
shall apply to all operations and undertakings
Construction Safety and Health Program;
in the construction industry and its subdivisions
d) frequency, content and persons responsible
namely, general building construction, general
for orienting, instructing and training all
engineering construction and specialty trade
workers at the site with regard to the
construction, based on the classification code
Construction Safety and Health Program
of the Philippine
under which they operate; and e) the manner
Construction Accreditation Board (PCAB) of
of disposing waste arising from the
the Construction Industry Authority of the
construction.
Philippines (CIAP); to companies and entities
involved in demolition works; and to those 5.2 The Construction Safety and
Health Program shall be executed and
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

verified by the Construction Project 6.1 The employer shall provide

Manager or Project Manager and shall adequate and approved type of
be submitted to the Bureau of Working protective equipment. Workers within
Conditions (BWC) which may the construction project site shall be
approve, disapprove or modify the required to wear the necessary PPE at
same according to existing laws, rules all times.
and regulations and other issuances by
the DOLE. 6.2 Construction workers who are
working from unguarded surfaces six
5.3 The cost of implementing the (6) meters or more above water or
Construction Safety and Health ground, temporary or permanent floor
Program shall be integrated into the platform, scaffold or where they are
project's construction cost, provided, exposed to the possibility of falls
that said cost shall be a separate pay hazardous to life or limb, must be
item, duly quantified and stated in the provided with safety harnesses and life
project's tender documents and lines.
construction contract documents.
6.3 Specialty construction workers
SECTION 6. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE must be provided with special
EQUIPMENT — Every employer shall, at his protective equipment, such as
own expense, specialized goggles or respirators for
furnish his workers with protective equipment welders and painters or paint
for eyes, face, hands and feet, lifeline, safety applicators.
belt/harness, protective shields and barriers
whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous 6.4 All other persons who are
work process or environment, chemical or either authorized or allowed to be at a
radiological or other mechanical irritants or construction site shall wear appropriate
hazards capable of causing injury or PPE.
impairment in the function of any body part
through absorption, inhalation or physical SECTION 7. SAFETY PERSONNEL — To
agent. ensure that a Construction Safety and Health
Program is duly followed and enforced at the
Provision of personal protective equipment construction project site, each construction
(PPE) shall be in accordance with Rule 1080 of project site is required to have the minimum
the OSHS. The equivalent cost for the required Safety Personnel, as described herein:
provision of PPE (life span, depreciation,
replacement, etc.) shall be an integral part of 7.1. The General Constructor must
the project cost. provide for a full time officer, who
shall be assigned as the general
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

construction safety and health officer to

oversee full time the overall 7.4 Each construction
management of the Construction subcontractor must provide for a
Safety and Health Program. The representative, who shall have the same
general construction safety and health qualifications as a Safety Man/Officer,
officer shall frequently monitor and to oversee the management of the
inspect any health and safety aspect of Construction Safety and Health
the construction work being Program for the subcontractor's
undertaken. He shall also assist workforce and the specific area of work
government inspectors in the conduct operations in accordance with the
of safety and health inspection at any requirements of Rule 1033 of the
time whenever work is being OSHS.
performed or during the conduct of
accident investigation. All safety personnel who will be employed by
an employer on full-time basis should be
7.2. The General Constructor must accredited by the BWC of the DOLE.
provide for additional Construction
Safety and Health Officer/s in SECTION 8. EMERGENCY
accordance with the requirements for OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PERSONNEL
Safety Man/Officer of Rule 1033 AND FACILITIES
(Training and Personnel Complement),
depending on the total number of 8.1 The construction project owner or his duly
personnel assigned to the construction authorized representative shall provide
project site, to oversee the effective competent emergency health personnel within
compliance with the Construction the worksite duly complemented by adequate
Safety Health Program at the site, medical supplies, equipment and facilities,
under the direct supervision of the based on the total number of workers in the site
general construction safety and health as indicated below:
officer. a) The services of a certified first-aider when
the total number of workers is fifty (50) or
7.3 The General Constructor must less;
provide for one (1) Construction Safety b) The services of a full-time registered nurse
and Health Officer for every ten (10) when the total number of workers exceeds
units of heavy equipment assigned to fifty (50) but not more than two hundred
the project site, to oversee the effective (200);
compliance with the Construction c) The services of a full-time registered nurse,
Safety and Health Program at the a part-time physician and a dentist, and an
construction project site, in terms of emergency clinic when the total number of
heavy equipment utilization and
maintenance.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

workers exceed two hundred (200) but not SECTION 9. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
more than three hundred (300); and SIGNAGES — Construction Safety Signages
d) The services of a full-time registered nurse, must be
a full-time physician, a dentist and an provided to warn the workers and the public of
infirmary or emergency hospital with one (1) hazards existing in the workplace. Signages
bed capacity when the number of employees shall be posted in prominent positions at
exceed three hundred (300). In addition, strategic location and, as far as practicable, be
there should be one (1) bed capacity for in the language understandable to most of the
every one hundred (100) employees in workers employed.
excess of three hundred (300).
9.1 The signages include but are not limited to:
8.2 Where an employer provides
only a treatment room, he shall provide a) Mandatory requirement on the usage of
for his workers in case of emergency, personal protective equipment prior to entry
access to the nearest medical/dental to the project site.
clinic or to a medical/dental clinic b) Areas where there are potential risks of
located within five (5) kilometers falling objects.
radius from the workplace and can be c) Areas where there are potential risks of
reached in twenty-five (25) minutes of falling.
travel. Such access shall include the d) Areas where explosives and flammable
necessary transportation facilities. In substances are used or stored.
such situation, there shall be a written e) Areas where there are tripping or slipping
contract with the medical/dental clinic hazards.
to attend to such workplace f) Approaches to working areas where danger
emergencies. from toxic or irritant airborne
contaminants/substances may exist which
8.3 The engagement of an should indicate the name of the
Emergency Health Provider for the contaminant/substance involved and the
construction project site shall be type of respiratory equipment to be worn.
considered as having complied with the g) All places where contact with or proximity
requirement of accessibility to the to electrical/facility equipment can cause
nearest hospital facilities. danger.
h) All places where workers may come in
8.4 The employer shall always contact with dangerous moving parts of
have in the construction site the machineries or equipment.
required minimum inventory of i) Location of fire alarms and firefighting
medicines, supplies and equipment as equipment.
indicated in Table 47 of the OSHS. j) Instructions on the usage of specific
construction equipment.
k) Periodic updating of man-hours lost.
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

9.2 Signages should be regularly inspected and Public Works and Highways (DPWH) for all
maintained in good condition. Signages that are roads and bridges to be utilized during
damaged or illegible or that no longer apply transport.
should be removed and replaced by the safety c) Only duly certified operators are allowed to
officer, as needed. load and unload heavy equipment to trailer.
d) Equipment to be transported must be
SECTION 10. SAFETY ON properly secured to the trailer.
CONSTRUCTION HEAVY EQUIPMENT —
In relation to heavy 10.2.2 Erection/Set-up of Heavy Equipment
equipment operation in all construction sites, a) Existing hazards must be avoided;
the following are required in the different b) Standard checklist of steps and procedures
phases of the project. must be observed.
c) List of necessary equipment, tools and
10.1 Pre-Construction — The General materials must be available and properly
Constructor must ensure that appropriate utilized.
certification is obtained from DOLE duly
accredited organizations for the following: 10.2.3 Routine Inspection — In the interest of
a) All heavy equipment operators accident prevention, duly certified mechanics
assigned at the project site must be tested and and operators shall conduct daily routine
certified in accordance with a standard trade inspection of all heavy equipment deployed at
test prescribed by Technical Education and the site in accordance with standards set by
Skills Development Authority (TESDA) in TESDA in coordination with the Association of
coordination with its accredited organization/s. Construction Equipment Lessors (ACEL,
b) All heavy equipment must be tested Inc.).
and certified in accordance with the standards a) Routine inspection of all heavy
prepared by DOLE or its recognized equipment must be performed by DOLE
organization/s prior to commissioning of said accredited professionals in accordance to
equipment. standards set by DOLE recognized equipment
10.2 During Construction — The General suppliers.
Constructor must ensure that the following b) All equipment which do not comply
conditions are met or complied with: with the minimum safety standards for
equipment certification shall be immediately
10.2.1 Mobilization or Transport of Heavy removed from the work site for restoration or
Equipment repair until they meet said standards or
a) Load restriction of trailers carrying such requirements.
heavy equipment.
b) Load restrictions, height and width The General Constructor and the equipment
clearances as imposed by Department of owner shall maintain a separate logbook for
data on maintenance, repairs, tests and
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

inspections for each heavy equipment. Such e) Doctors, Nurses and other Health personnel,
logbook shall be used as a necessary reference pursuant to the requirements state in Rule
during the conduct of equipment inspection. 1042 of the
OSHS, who shall be members ex officio;
10.2.4 Certified Owners f) Workers' representatives (minimum of 3,
union members if organized, not necessarily
a) Only duly certified operators shall be from one employer).
allowed to operate their designated heavy The persons constituting the Safety and Health
equipment. Committee shall, as far as practicable, be found
b) All operators and riggers must wear personal at the construction site whenever construction
protective equipment as prescribed in the work is being undertaken.
above pertinent sections.

10.3 Post-Operation and Post-Construction The time spent by the members of the Safety
and Health Committee in the performance of
The procedures for dismantling and their duties such as committee meetings,
demobilization of heavy equipment shall seminars and training, investigation and other
follow the same requirements as listed under tasks that maybe assigned or planned by the
10.2.1 and 10.2.2 above. committee shall be considered hours worked
and therefore compensable time.
SECTION 11. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
AND HEALTH COMMITTEE 11.2 Authority and Duties of the Construction
Safety and Health Committee — The
11.1 Composition — To ensure that these rules chairperson shall convene the Construction
and the Construction Safety and Health Safety and Health Committee at regular
Program are observed and enforced at the intervals so as to effectively and efficiently
project site, each site shall, at the start of the monitor the implementation of the
construction have a construction safety and Construction Safety and Health Program. As
health committee composed of the following such, he shall have the following duties:
personnel as described under Section 7 above: a) plan, develop and oversee the
implementation of accident prevention
a) Project Manager or his representative as the programs for the construction project;
chairperson ex officio; b) direct the accident prevention efforts for the
b) General Construction Safety and Health construction project in accordance with
Officer; these rules and the
Construction Safety and Health Program;
c) Construction Safety and Health Officers; c) initiate and supervise the conduct of brief
d) Safety representatives from each safety meetings or toolbox meetings
subcontractor; everyday;
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

d) review reports of safety and health or recognized. The DOLE in

inspections, accident investigations; collaboration with constructors shall
e) prepare and submit to DOLE reports on promote programs for the
committee meetings; implementation of these awareness
f) provide necessary assistance to government seminars for construction workers.
inspecting authorities in the proper conduct
of their enforcement and other activities; 12.3 Every worker shall receive
g) initiate and supervise safety and health instruction and training regarding the
training for employees; general safety and health measures
h) develop and maintain a disaster contingency common to construction sites which
plan and organize such emergency service shall include: a) basic rights and duties
units as may be necessary to handle disaster of workers at the construction site
situations; and b) means of access and egress both during
i) perform all duties provided in the normal work and in emergency situations
Construction Safety and Health Program or c) measures for good housekeeping
those that are necessary and incidental to the d) location and proper use of welfare amenities
fulfillment of their duties herein described. and first-aid facilities
e) proper care and use of the items or personal
SECTION 12. SAFETY AND HEALTH
protective equipment and protective clothing
INFORMATION
provided the workers
f) general measures for personal hygiene and
12.1 Workers should be adequately and
health protection
suitably:
g) fire precautions to be taken
a) informed of potential safety and health h) action to be taken in case of any emergency
hazards to which they may be exposed at i) requirements of relevant health and safety
their workplace; and rules and regulations.
b) instructed and trained on the measures
available for the prevention, control and 12.4 The instruction, training and
protection against those hazards. information materials, shall be
given in a language or dialect
12.2 No person shall be deployed in understood by the worker.
a construction site unless he has Written, oral, visual and
undergone a safety and health participative approaches shall be
awareness seminar conducted by the used to ensure that the worker
Occupational Safety and Health Center has assimilated the material.
(OSHC), BWC and other concerned
offices of DOLE or by safety 12.5 Each supervisor or any
professionals or safety organizations or designated person (e.g. foreman,
other institutions DOLE has accredited leadman, gangboss, etc.) shall
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

conduct daily tool box or similar SECTION 13. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

meetings prior to starting the AND HEALTH TRAINING — The basic
tasks for the day to discuss with construction
the workers and anticipate safety safety and health training shall be a forty (40)-
and health problems related to hour training course as prescribed by the BWC.
every task and the potential The training course shall include the provisions
solutions to those problems. The of Rule 1410 of the OSHS. The BWC, from
supervisor shall remind the time to time, may modify the basic construction
workers on the necessary safety safety and health training course, as the need
precautions that need to be arises.
undertaken.
All safety personnel involved in a construction
12.6 Specialized instruction and project shall be required to complete such basic
training should be given to: training course. Every constructor shall provide
continuing construction safety and health
a) drivers and operators of lifting appliances, training to all technical personnel under his
transport, earth-moving and materials- employ. Continuing training shall be a
handling equipment and machinery or any minimum of 16 hours per year for every
equipment of specialized or dangerous fulltime safety personnel.
nature; b) workers engaged in the erection or
dismantling of scaffolds;
c) workers engaged in excavations at least one SECTION 14. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
meter deep or deep enough to cause danger, AND HEALTH REPORTS — All general
shafts, earthworks, underground works or constructors shall be required to submit a
tunnels; monthly construction safety and health report
d) workers handling explosives or engaged in to the BWC or to the DOLE Regional Office
blasting operations; concerned. The report shall include a monthly
e) workers engaged in pile-driving; summary of all safety and health committee
f) workers working in compressed air, meeting agreements, a summary of all accident
cofferdams, and caissons; investigations/reports and periodic hazards
g) workers engaged in the erection of assessment with the corresponding remedial
prefabricated parts of steel structural frames measures/action for each hazard.
and tall chimneys, and in concrete work,
form work and other such work; In case of any dangerous occurrence or major
h) workers handling hazardous substances and accident resulting in death or permanent total
materials; disability, the concerned employer shall
i) workers as signalers; and initially notify the DOLE Regional Office
within twenty-four (24) hours from occurrence.
j) other workers as maybe categorized by
After the conduct of investigation by the
TESDA.
concerned construction safety and health
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

officer, the employer shall report all permanent d) when the performance of the job may
total disabilities to DOLE Regional Office on compromise the safety, health and
or before the 20th of the month following the environmental concerns within the
date of occurrence of accident using the immediate vicinity of the construction site.
DOLE/BWC/HSD-IP-6 form.
SECTION 16. WORKERS' WELFARE
FACILITIES — The employer shall provide
SECTION 15. CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
the following welfare facilities in order to
SKILLS CERTIFICATES — In order to
ensure humane working conditions:
professionalize,
upgrade and update the level of
16.1 Adequate supply of safe drinking water.
competence of construction a) If the water is used in common drinking
areas, it should be stored in closed containers
workers, the TESDA shall a) from which the water is dispensed through taps
establish national skills or cocks. Such containers should be cleaned
and disinfected at regular intervals not
standards for critical exceeding fifteen (15) days.
b) Notices shall be conspicuously posted
construction occupations; in locations where there is water supply that is
b) prepare guidelines on skills testing and not fit for drinking purposes.
certification for critical construction 16.2 Adequate sanitary and washing facilities
occupations
c) accredit construction sector organizations in a) Adequate facilities for changing and for the
the area of skills training and trade testing; storage and drying of work clothes
and b) Adequate accommodation for taking meals
d) extend relevant assistance to construction and shelter.
sector organizations.
16.3 Suitable living accommodation for
In this regard, all construction workers in workers, and as may be applicable,
critical occupations shall undergo mandatory for their families
skills testing for certification by TESDA.
16.4 Separate sanitary, washing and
An occupation shall be considered critical — sleeping facilities for men and
women workers.
a) when the performance of a job affects and
endangers people's lives and limbs; SECTION 17. COST OF CONSTRUCTION
b) when the job involves the handling of tools, SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM — The
equipment and supplies; total cost of
c) when the job requires a relatively long implementing a Construction Safety and Health
period of education and training; Program shall be a mandatory integral part of
 University of San Agustin
General Luna St., 5000 Iloilo City, Philippines
[Link]
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING (BSCE)

the project's construction cost as a separate pay (Constructors' Licensing Law), as amended,
item, duly quantified and reflected in the and its Implementing Rules and Regulations.
Project's Tender Documents and likewise
reflected in the Project's Construction Contract 19.2. In cases of imminent danger situations,
Documents. the DOLE Regional Director shall issue a
stoppage order, in conformance with the
SECTION 18. MISCELLANEOUS — All guidelines specified under Rule 1012.02 of the
provisions of other existing occupational safety OSHS and other pertinent issuances for
and health guidelines not inconsistent with the stoppage of operation or for other appropriate
above Guidelines shall form part of this action to abate the danger. Pending the issuance
Department Order. of the order, the employer shall take
appropriate measures to protect his workers.
All provisions other existing occupational The stoppage order shall remain in effect until
safety and health standards, rules and the danger is removed or corrected. Non-
regulations not specifically provided herein compliance with the order shall be penalized
shall remain in full force and effect. under existing provisions of labor laws.

In the event that any provision of this

Guidelines is declared invalid by competent
SECTION 20. EFFECTIVITY
authority, the rest of the provisions thereof not
affected shall remain in full force and effect. — This issuance shall serve as policy and
procedural guidelines for this Department and
SECTION 19. VIOLATIONS AND its agencies in the administration and
PENALTIES enforcement of applicable labor and social
legislations and their implementing
19.1. As circumstances may warrant, the regulations.
DOLE shall refer to the Philippine Contractor's
Accreditation Board (PCAB) its findings, after Nothing herein shall be construed to authorize
due process, on any act or omission committed diminution or reduction of benefits being
by construction contractors in violation of labor enjoyed by employees at the time of issuance
standards, safety rules and regulations and hereof.
other pertinent policies. Any such violation
committed by construction contractors, This Department Order shall take effect
whether general constructors or sub- immediately.
contractors, shall constitute as prima facie case
of a construction malperformance of grave Adopted: 23 July 1998
consequence due to negligence, incompetence
or malpractice contemplated under R.A. 4566 Ref:
[Link]
EAAR3dbruMBvPwwSTYSTnF5T2o7yzR_m_a__pY18Fsd25s5UaMOY6LOFN7iTU_aem_GS
m4VhTBueLar_XovOEFmA
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)
MODULE 5: HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY | DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2ND SEMESTER A.Y. 2024 – 2025 | GROUP 5 CE4B

HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL

Topic: Health Hazards and their Controls

Topic Outline: Health Hazards and their Controls Preventing Hazards from Buried or
Underground Services, Edges, Access and
• Classification of Health Hazards and Occupational Egress
Exposure Rule 1413 of OSHS
• Relevant DOLE Health-Related Issuances Excavation Safety
• Hazards on Construction Site Premises • Demolition Hazards
Requirements Requirements
Site Planning/Lay-out and Tidiness Demolition Methods and Techniques
5S for Construction Projects Hazards Associated with Building Demolition
• Hazards with Power Tools (ILO, 1995)
Requirements Demolition Safety
Type of Power Tools, their hazards and • Hazards working around Heavy Equipment
controls Requirements
Electric Powered and Air Powered Tools Heavy Equipment defined by D.O. No. 13
Powder-Actuated Tools Hazards Associated with Construction Heavy
• Excavation Hazards Equipment Operation
Requirements Hazards Control for Safe Operation of Heavy
Excavation and Trench Equipment
Preventing Hazards from Soil Collapse Inspection Requirements
Maintenance Requirements

HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROLS ▪ Control Measure: Use proper ventilation systems and
provide workers with Personal Protective Equipment
What are Health Hazards and their Controls - refer to (PPE) such as masks and gloves.
potential risks or harmful conditions in the workplace that can
negatively affect workers' health, as well as the measures put in Examples of Hazard Control Measures:
place to prevent, minimize, or eliminate those risks.
▪ Substitution: Using a less toxic solvent instead of a
highly toxic one.
CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH HAZARDS AND ▪ Engineering Controls: Installing local exhaust
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ventilation to capture fumes and dust.
▪ Administrative Controls: Implementing strict
Understanding Occupational Health Hazards: chemical handling procedures and providing thorough
training.
Definition: ▪ PPE: Providing appropriate respirators and protective
clothing.
• Occupational health hazards are workplace conditions
that can cause harm, and their control involves a Physical Hazards: Noise, vibration, radiation, extreme
hierarchy of methods, prioritizing elimination, temperatures, and lighting.
substitution, engineering controls, administrative ▪ Example: Prolonged exposure to high noise levels
controls, and finally, personal protective equipment from power tools like jackhammers and drills can lead
(PPE). to hearing loss.
▪ Control Measure: Use noise barriers, limit exposure
Reference: ([Link] time, and provide ear protection like earmuffs or
[Link])
earplugs.

HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS Examples of Hazard Control Measures:

ELIMINATION: • Noise: Installing noise barriers, using earplugs or

Removing the hazard entirely from the workplace is the earmuffs, and reducing noise levels at the source.
most effective control method. • Vibration: Using anti-vibration equipment and
SUBSTITUTION: providing proper training on safe handling practices.
Replacing a hazardous substance or process with a
less hazardous alternative. Ergonomic Hazards: Risk factors related to the design of work
ENGINEERING CONTROLS: tasks, equipment, and the workplace, leading to musculoskeletal
Implementing physical changes to the workplace or disorders (MSDs).
equipment to isolate or reduce exposure to hazards. ▪ Example: Manual lifting of heavy materials like steel
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS: bars, leading to back strain and musculoskeletal
Implementing policies, procedures, and training disorders.
programs to reduce exposure to hazards. ▪ Control Measure: Train workers on proper lifting
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): techniques and use lifting aids (e.g., cranes, forklifts).
Providing workers with equipment, like gloves, safety
vest, respirators, or safety glasses, to protect them Examples of Hazard Control Measures:
from hazards when other control methods are not
feasible. • Engineering Controls: Designing workstations and
equipment to be ergonomically sound.
Health hazards in the workplace can be classified into various • Administrative Controls: Implementing policies on
categories based on their nature, duration, and effects. These safe lifting techniques and providing training.
include:
Biological Hazards: Exposure to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
TYPES OF HAZARDS other biological agents.
▪ Example: Mold growth in damp construction areas
Chemical Hazards: Exposure to chemicals, including gases, causing respiratory problems.
vapors, dusts, and fumes. ▪ Control Measure: Ensure proper site drainage and
▪ Example: Exposure to cement dust, which can cause ventilation to prevent moisture buildup.
respiratory issues and skin irritation.
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)
MODULE 5: HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY | DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2ND SEMESTER A.Y. 2024 – 2025 | GROUP 5 CE4B

Examples of Hazard Control Measures: to ensure the safety of employees in a post-pandemic

environment. The advisory also covers the protocols
• Engineering Controls: Using proper ventilation and for vaccination, sanitation, social distancing, and the
filtration systems to prevent the spread of airborne overall management of infectious diseases at the
pathogens. workplace.
• Administrative Controls: Implementing strict hygiene
protocols and providing training on infection control. Reference: The World Law Group on Labor Advisory No. 23
[Link]
• PPE: Providing appropriate protective clothing and labor-advisory-no-23-23
equipment.
4. Labor Advisory No. 01-2023: Prevention and Control of
Psychosocial Hazards: Workplace stressors that can Food and Waterborne Diseases in Workplaces:
negatively impact mental health, such as bullying, harassment,
and excessive workload. • Purpose: This advisory was issued to provide
▪ Example: Long working hours and pressure to meet guidelines on preventing and controlling foodborne and
deadlines, leading to stress and burnout. waterborne diseases in workplaces. It emphasizes the
▪ Control Measure: Implement fair work schedules, importance of proper sanitation, food handling
encourage breaks, and promote mental health support practices, and access to clean water to prevent
programs. outbreaks of diseases like cholera, typhoid, and other
gastrointestinal illnesses.
Examples of Hazard Control Measures:
Reference: Lexology on Labor Advisory No. 01-2023
• Administrative Controls: Implementing policies on [Link]
7eb4bc591955
harassment and bullying prevention, providing support
services, and promoting a positive work environment. Each of these DOLE issuances was established to enhance
occupational safety and protect the health of Filipino workers
in various industries, including construction.
Importance of Identification: Identifying hazards is the first
step in controlling them and ensuring a safe and healthy HAZARDS ON CONSTRUCTION SITE PREMISES
workplace.
Construction sites are known for being high-risk environments
due to the nature of the work, tools, and equipment involved.
RELEVANT DOLE HEALTH-RELATED ISSUANCES Hazards on construction site premises can lead to accidents
HYPERNATREMIA and injuries if proper safety measures are not followed. These
The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) in the hazards can be physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and
Philippines has issued several health-related orders and environmental. It is essential for employers, supervisors, and
advisories to ensure the safety and well-being of workers. These workers to be aware of these risks and adhere to stringent safety
guidelines were established to address various health and requirements to ensure a safe working environment.
safety issues across industries, particularly construction, and to
provide clear standards for employers to follow. Below are Safety Measures for Construction Sites
explanations of the key orders and their purpose:
REQUIREMENTS
1. Department Order No. 13-98: Construction Safety and
Health Program: To address these hazards, the following safety requirements
should be implemented:
• Purpose: This order mandates that all construction 1. Provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
projects must implement a Construction Safety and • Helmets: To protect against falling debris.
Health Program (CSHP) to prevent workplace • Gloves: To prevent cuts, abrasions, and
accidents and occupational illnesses. This program exposure to harmful materials.
must adhere to DOLE standards and must be • Eye Protection: To shield eyes from flying
developed before the start of any construction project. debris, dust, or chemical splashes.
It also includes specific safety measures, such as the • Hearing Protection: To prevent noise-
provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), site- induced hearing loss from loud equipment.
specific health protocols, and regular safety 2. Implementation of Safety Training Programs:
inspections. • Regular training should be provided for all
Reference: DOLE Department Order No. 13-98
workers on the use of equipment, safe work
[Link] practices, emergency response procedures,
and hazard recognition.
2. Republic Act No. 11058: Occupational Safety and Health 3. Regular Site Inspections:
Standards: • Inspections should be conducted frequently to
identify potential hazards, enforce safety
• Purpose: RA 11058 strengthens the existing protocols, and ensure compliance with
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards by regulatory standards.
requiring employers to ensure the safety and health of
workers at all times. This includes compliance with all SITE PLANNING/LAY-OUT AND TIDINESS
OSH standards and the establishment of appropriate
workplace health programs. The law mandates that Effective site planning and layout, coupled with a focus on
employers take responsibility for their workers' safety, tidiness, are crucial for construction project success, enhancing
provide necessary training, and supply appropriate safety, productivity, and overall efficiency. This involves
protective equipment and health services. strategic placement of resources and facilities, ensuring smooth
workflows and minimizing risks.
Reference: Labor Law Library on RA 11058 [Link]
occupational-safety-and-health-standards/ SITE PLANNING/LAYOUT:

3. Labor Advisory No. 23, Series of 2023: Updated Health Purpose:

Protocols for Workplaces Post-COVID-19: • Site layout planning is a fundamental process for any
successful project as it enhances the overall
• Purpose: This advisory was issued to introduce operation's safety, productivity, and security.
updated workplace health protocols in light of the
COVID-19 pandemic. It provides guidelines for Process:
managing public health emergencies in the workplace, ▪ Identify Site Facilities: Determine the types and
including COVID-19, and outlines the necessary steps sizes of facilities needed.
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)
MODULE 5: HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY | DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2ND SEMESTER A.Y. 2024 – 2025 | GROUP 5 CE4B

▪ Establish Relationships: Identify how different set of risks, and understanding those risks can help
facilities relate to each other. prevent accidents and injuries.
▪ Optimize Layout: Find the best arrangement of
facilities on the site, considering constraints and REQUIREMENTS
objectives.
Power tools come with a set of requirements from safety
TIDINESS: protocols to maintenance procedures that ensure their efficient
and safe use. Some of these include:
Importance: 1. Read & Follow Instruction
▪ A clean and organized site is a safe site. 2. Wear Proper Safety Gear
3. Dress Safely
Benefits: 4. Stay Alert
▪ Reduced Accidents: A tidy site minimizes tripping 5. Check Power Switch
hazards, slips, and other accidents. 6. Use Safety Guards
▪ Improved Safety: Clear pathways and organized 7. Unplug Before Adjustments
storage areas enhance safety.
▪ Enhanced Productivity: Easy access to materials Every tool has rules and precautions that apply to it. In the case
and tools improves efficiency. of power tools, many of these are the same for each tool every
▪ Better Materials Inspection: A tidy site facilitates time. Learn these by heart and you'll always be off to a safe
easy inspection and auditing of materials.
start.
▪ Positive Image: A well-maintained site projects a
professional image.
References:[Link]
ool_Safety_Rules.pdf
5S FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
TYPE OF POWER TOOLS, THEIR HAZARDS AND
What is 5S? AZARDS WITH POWER CONTROLS
TOOL

▪ A disciplined approach to maintaining order in the

workplace and using visual controls to eliminate waste. Power tools are a common part of our everyday lives and are
The 5S words are Sort, Set in Order, Shine/Sweep, present in nearly every industry. These tools help us to easily
Standardize and Self-Discipline/Sustain. perform tasks that otherwise would be difficult or impossible.
However, these simple tools can be hazardous and have the
The goal of a 5S system is to keep work and organization potential for causing severe injuries when used or maintained
simple. Simple is not always easy, so the 5S process helps to improperly.
provide a lens through which to analyze the state of organization
and workflow in the workplace. HAND TOOLS

1. SORT (SEIRI) Tools that are manually powered are called hand tools. Hand
tools include anything from axes to wrenches. Common hand
❖ Sort through materials, tools, and information to identify tools include: Tin snips, hatchets, screw drivers, hammers,
what is necessary, what is sometimes needed, and pliers, anvils, wrenches, files, rasps, saws, punches, chisels,
what is not needed at all. planes, hand-held boring tools, and pop rivet guns.

2. SET IN ORDER/STRAIGHTEN (SEITON) HAZARD IN THE USE OF HAND TOOLS WHICH CAUSE
INJURY/ILLNESS
❖ Create a place for everything and keep it there until it
is needed. Identify how, when, and why materials, a) Misuse and improper maintenance can cause injury.
tools, and information will be used and accessed. b) Objects that fall or fly.
c) Objects that are abrasive.
3. SHINE (SEISO) d) Substances that splash.
e) Harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases.
❖ Continuously improve and optimize your workspace.
When everything has a place and it is clear where DO’S IN HAND TOOLS
everything goes, that is a visual cue that makes it easy
to recognize when something is out of place. ➢ Inspect tools before using.
➢ Avoid using damaged tools.
4. STANDARDIZE (SEIKETSU) ➢ Tools that appear to be damaged or have broken
handles should be marked unsafe.
❖ Once you have “Shined,” standardize your system for ➢ Do not use damaged or defective tools until they have
workplace cleanliness, data and information been repaired.
organization, and project file structures. Repeated and
standardized processes are needed not only to allow CUTTING TOOLS
for continuous improvement to occur, but also to keep
work efficient. Cutting tools are power tools designed to cut, shape, or trim
materials like wood, metal, plastic, and masonry. These tools
5. SELF-DISCIPLINE/SUSTAIN (SHITSUKE) include items like circular saws, jigsaws, angle grinders, table
saws, and chainsaws. While effective for many tasks, cutting
❖ Sustain processes that work and have the self- tools come with specific hazards that must be carefully
discipline to not allow processes to get bogged down managed.
by waste. Make the working conditions and processes
consistent so it’s easy to see when something is out of COMMON HAZARDS:
place or when the standard is not being met.

Reference: [Link]
• Kickback: A sudden, forceful motion when a tool like a
saw catches or binds, potentially leading to severe
HAZARDS WITH POWER TOOLS injury.
• Flying objects: Sparks, metal fragments, and wood
➢ Power tools are essential in many industries and DIY chips can fly out of the cutting zone, causing injury.
projects, but their use comes with various hazards. • Blade contact: If a person’s hand or body meets a
These hazards can result from improper use, blade or disc, deep cuts or amputations can occur.
equipment malfunction, or the environment in which the
tools are used. Each type of power tool carries its own CONTROLS:
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)
MODULE 5: HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY | DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2ND SEMESTER A.Y. 2024 – 2025 | GROUP 5 CE4B

• Anti-kickback features: Use saws with built-in anti- nails, bolts, or other fasteners into hard materials like concrete
kickback features, such as a riving knife or brake or steel. These tools are often used in construction and industrial
mechanism. applications where high-powered fastening is required, such as
• Proper stance and grip: Ensure a firm, controlled grip installing anchors, studs, or brackets into concrete or steel
and stable body positioning to manage kickback surfaces.
effectively.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH POWDER-ACTUATED
• Tool maintenance: Regularly inspect and replace
TOOLS
blades or discs when they become dull or damaged to
reduce risk of malfunction.
• Projectile Injuries
• Use of guards: Always use safety guards or shields to
• Explosion Risk
prevent flying debris or accidental blade contact.
• Hearing Damage
• Safety trigger locks: Some tools are equipped with
• Tool Malfunction
safety switches to prevent accidental starts.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS THAT MUST BE FOLLOWED WHEN
ELECTRICAL POWER TOOLS
USING POWDER-ACTUATED TOOLS INCLUDE THE
Electrical power tools are tools that are powered by electricity FOLLOWING:
rather than manual force. These tools are designed to carry out
tasks such as drilling, cutting, grinding, sanding, and fastening. ❖ Do not use a tool in an explosive or flammable
They are used in a variety of industries like construction, atmosphere.
manufacturing, automotive repair, and more. Common types of ❖ Inspect the tool before using it.
electrical power tools include: ❖ Do not load the tool unless it is to be used immediately.
❖ Do not leave a loaded tool unattended,
• Drills (cordless and corded) especially where it would be available to
• Saws (circular, jigsaw, and reciprocating) unauthorized persons.
• Grinders ❖ Never point the tool at anyone.

Employees using electric tools must be aware of several References:[Link]

dangers. Among the most serious hazards are electrical burns,
shock, and heart failure.
EXCAVATION HAZARDS
HAZARDS FROM USE OF ELECTRICAL TOOLS
Excavation hazards are dangers associated with digging or
a) Electrocution creating openings in the ground, such as trenches or holes.
b) Burns These hazards may include soil collapse, falls, contact with
c) puncture wounds underground utilities, water accumulation, hazardous
d) injuries to the skin from abrasion, a host of other atmospheres, and falling materials. Proper safety measures are
unpleasant Conditions essential to protect workers and prevent accidents.

THE FOLLOWING GENERAL PRACTICES SHOULD BE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXCAVATION

FOLLOWED WHEN USING ELECTRIC TOOLS:
Before the excavation begins, proper planning and safety
• Operate electric tools within their design limitations. measures must be followed. This typically includes:
• Use gloves and appropriate safety footwear when
using electric tools. Surveying: Identifying underground utilities, soil type,
• Store electric tools in a dry place when not in use. and potential hazards in the excavation area.
Permits & Regulations: Securing necessary permits
• Keep work areas well lighted when operating electric
and complying with local excavation regulations.
tools.
Protective Systems: Installing protective systems like
sloping, shoring, or trench boxes to prevent soil
collapse.
PNEUMATIC TOOLS (AIR-POWERED TOOLS)
Access and Egress: Providing safe entry and exit
points such as ladders or ramps for excavations deeper
Pneumatic tools, also known as air-powered tools, are tools that
than 4 feet.
are powered by compressed air rather than electricity. These
Water Control: Implementing dewatering systems to
tools use the energy from compressed air to perform mechanical
prevent water accumulation and soil destabilization.
work such as drilling, grinding, fastening, and sanding.
EXCAVATION AND TRENCH
HAZARDS
Excavation and trenching are among the most dangerous
• Workers can get hit by a pneumatic tool’s attachment,
construction activities due to the risk of cave-ins, hazardous
or by a fastener being used with the tool. This is the
atmospheres, falls, and contact with underground utilities.
most common hazard associated with pneumatic tools.
Proper safety measures are essential to prevent injuries and
fatalities.
• Noise is another hazard typically associated with tools
such as jackhammers. EXAMPLES:
CONTROL MEASURES FOR PNEUMATIC TOOLS: Soil Collapse (Cave-ins) – The most significant risk, where
unstable soil can suddenly collapse and bury workers.
➢ Training
➢ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Prevention: Use shoring, sloping, benching, or trench
boxes to prevent collapses.
➢ Regular Maintenance
➢ Pressure Control Falling Loads – Materials, equipment, or tools falling into the
trench, causing injuries.
➢ Tool Guards
➢ Proper Storage • Prevention: Keep heavy loads and machinery away
➢ Noise Management. from trench edges; install barricades.
➢ Air Hose Safety Hazardous Atmospheres – Toxic gases, low oxygen levels, or
combustible gases may be present.
POWDER-ACTUATED TOOLS • Prevention: Conduct air monitoring, provide proper
ventilation, and use protective equipment.
Powder-actuated tools (PATs) are a type of tool that uses Underground Utilities – Accidental contact with electrical lines,
explosive charges (similar to a cartridge in a firearm) to drive gas pipes, or water lines.
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)
MODULE 5: HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY | DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2ND SEMESTER A.Y. 2024 – 2025 | GROUP 5 CE4B

• Prevention: Conduct utility surveys before digging;

use hand digging near utility lines. DEMOLITION HAZARDS – REQUIREMENTS

PREVENTING HAZARDS FROM BURIED OR Demolition work involves unique risks that necessitate strict
UNDERGROUND SERVICES, EDGES, ACCESS, AND adherence to safety regulations. Key requirements include:
EGRESS
• Planning and Engineering Surveys: Conduct
• Underground Services: thorough assessments to identify structural integrity,
o Perform utility surveys before digging. potential hazards, and the presence of hazardous
o Use ground-penetrating radar or hand digging materials.
to locate pipes/cables. • Regulatory Compliance: Ensure all demolition
• Edges and Falling Objects: activities comply with local and international safety
o Keep heavy equipment and materials away standards.
from trench edges. • Qualified Personnel: Engage trained and
o Use proper PPE, including hard hats. experienced professionals to oversee and execute
• Access and Egress: demolition tasks.
o Provide ladders, ramps, or stairs for trenches • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Mandate the
deeper than 1.2m. use of appropriate PPE, such as hard hats, safety
o Ensure escape routes are free from glasses, gloves, high-visibility vests, and steel-toed
obstructions. boots.
• Site Security: Implement measures to prevent
RULE 1413 OF THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND unauthorized access to demolition sites.
HEALTH STANDARDS (OSHS)
Reference: [Link]
• Rule 1413 provides the legal requirements and
safety measures for excavation work to prevent DEMOLITION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
accidents like cave-ins, falls, and exposure to
hazardous conditions. Rule 1413 sets minimum 1. Demolition Process
safety requirements to ensure excavation work is Before demolition, thorough planning and preparation are
done safely. essential to ensure safety and efficiency. The key steps include:

Following these rules reduces risks and protects workers • Surveying the Site: Assessing structural conditions,
from potential hazards. nearby buildings, and safety hazards.
• Removal of Hazardous Materials: Identifying and
➢ 413.1 Shoring and Timbering – Excavations must be safely disposing of asbestos, lead, and other toxic
supported with shoring or bracing to prevent collapse. substances.
➢ 1413.2 Minimum Berm – Raised barriers (berms)
must be placed around excavation edges to prevent 2. Demolition Methods
material or people from falling in. There are several techniques used based on the structure type
➢ 1413.3 Tools, Materials, and Machinery – Equipment and site conditions:
and materials must be stored at a safe distance from
excavation edges. • Implosion Method: Uses explosives to strategically
➢ 1413.4 Barricades – Excavations must have collapse a building inward, minimizing damage to
barricades and warning signs to prevent unauthorized nearby structures.
access.
• Mechanical Demolition: Utilizes bulldozers, loaders,
➢ 1413.5 Means of Access and Escape – Trenches
and hydraulic excavators for fast, efficient dismantling.
over 1.2m deep must have secured ladders, ramps, or
steps for safe entry and exit.
3. Safety Measures in Demolition
➢ 1413.6 Inspection and Examination – A competent
To prevent accidents, the following safety measures must be
person must inspect excavations daily and after any
followed:
changes in conditions.
➢ 1413.7 Supervision – Only qualified personnel should • Structural stability assessment before demolition
oversee excavation, shoring, and timbering work. begins.
➢ 1413.8 Harmful Dust, Gases, and Fumes – Air quality • Protective barriers and warning signs to prevent
must be tested before entry; ventilation or protective unauthorized access.
equipment should be used if needed.
Reference: [Link]
➢ 1413.9 Sizes and Spacing of Members – Shoring and buildingm
timbering components must meet required size and
spacing for stability. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH BUILDING DEMOLITION
(ILO, 1995)
Reference:[Link]
Written-Report
Demolition work poses serious risks to workers due to
DEMOLITION HAZARDS structural instability, hazardous materials, and heavy
HYPOCALCEMIA equipment usage. The International Labour Organization (ILO)
Demolition hazards are dangers associated with tearing down outlines several hazards associated with demolition work, along
structures, including building collapse, falls, flying debris, toxic with preventive measures. Some of these are:
materials, electrical shocks, gas leaks, heavy machinery
accidents, loud noise, confined space risks, and fire hazards. 1. Building Collapse – Uncontrolled falling can cause
Proper safety measures are essential to prevent injuries and injuries.
damage. 2. Falling Debris – Bricks, glass, or metal may hit
workers.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH DEMOLITION: 3. Toxic Materials – Asbestos, lead, and dust can harm
1. Premature Collapse health.
2. Falls and Falling Materials 4. Electrical Hazards – Live wires can cause
3. Dust and Fumes electrocution.
4. Hazardous Substances 5. Falls from Heights – Risk from scaffolding and
5. Dilapidation rooftops.

Reference: DEMOLITION SAFETY

[Link]-cosh-training-manual pr_845e4ef1dc9f4b61913dd3be72ae6c0d
CE465A: CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSH)
MODULE 5: HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY | DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2ND SEMESTER A.Y. 2024 – 2025 | GROUP 5 CE4B

Demolition safety involves meticulous planning, hazard HAZARD CONTROLS FOR SAFE OPERATION OF HEAVY
identification, and implementing robust safety measures to EQUIPMENT
protect workers and the public from the risks inherent in
demolishing structures. 1. Proper Worksite Organization:
o Ensure that the site is organized with clearly
The right equipment is essential for a safe demolition operation. marked routes for equipment and personnel.
This includes things like hard hats, safety goggles, ear o Workers should never enter the path of
protection, and gloves. moving equipment.
2. Visibility and Communication:
• Wear protective gear. o Clear signals and radios should be in use to
• Shut off electricity and gas. communicate with workers in the vicinity.
• Use trained workers. 3. Implementing Safety Barriers:
• Secure the site with barriers. o Install physical barriers around the equipment
working area to prevent workers from entering
Reference: [Link] hazardous zones.
4. Speed Limits:
HAZARDS WORKING AROUND HEAVY EQUIPMENT o Ensure that the equipment operates within
safe speed limits to avoid accidents,
Working around heavy equipment on construction sites presents especially when near other workers.
significant safety risks, which need to be identified and mitigated
to ensure the safety of workers. Below are some critical points Reference: [Link]
to consider:
INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS

REQUIREMENTS FOR WORKING AROUND HEAVY 1. Pre-Operational Inspections:

EQUIPMENT o Before any equipment is used, operators
should inspect for:
1. Safety Education and Competence ▪ Leaks (fuel, oil, hydraulic)
• Workers must be trained and competent in the ▪ Functional condition of lights and
safe operation of heavy equipment. signals
2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ▪ Tire or track condition
• Depending on the specific work environment, 2. Daily Inspections:
additional PPE may be required. o Operators should perform daily checks to
3. Controlled Work Areas ensure that the equipment is in safe working
• Establish safe zones for workers to be in during the condition.
operation of heavy equipment. 3. Post-Operation Inspections:
4. Communication o After each use, equipment should be
• Effective communication (e.g., hand signals, two- inspected for wear and damage, including
way radios) between operators and workers is the engine, hydraulics, and structural
essential to ensure safety. components.
4. Periodic Inspections:
Reference: [Link] o Inspections should be carried out by qualified
professionals.
HEAVY EQUIPMENT DEFINED BY D.O. NO. 13
Reference:[Link]
According to D.O. No. 13 (a safety and health guideline), heavy
equipment generally includes: MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

• Bulldozers Maintenance involves keeping buildings, equipment and

• Excavators machinery in safe, efficient working order and in good repair.
This includes maintaining sanitary facilities and regularly
• Cranes
painting and cleaning walls.
• Forklifts
• Dump trucks 1. Routine Maintenance:
• Graders o Perform regular tasks such as oil and fluid
• Loaders. changes, cleaning filters, checking tire
pressures or track conditions, and ensuring
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION HEAVY safety systems (e.g., alarms, lights,
EQUIPMENT OPERATION emergency brakes) are functioning properly.
2. Repairs:
1. Collisions and Runovers: Workers can be struck by o Replace any damaged or worn-out parts
or run over by equipment due to blind spots. Use immediately. Do not operate equipment with
spotters, high-visibility clothing, and traffic control unresolved issues or defects.
measures to prevent accidents. 3. Service Records:
2. Falling Objects: Materials can fall from equipment like o Keep a log of inspections, repairs, and part
cranes or trucks. Ensure proper load securing and be replacements for each piece of equipment.
cautious in adverse weather conditions. This ensures safety compliance and is useful
3. Mechanical Failures: Equipment malfunctions (e.g., for audits.
brake or engine failure) can cause accidents. Regular 4. Manufacturer Guidelines:
maintenance and pre-operation checks are essential. o Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance
4. Visibility Issues: Limited visibility can lead to schedule and use recommended parts and
accidents. Operators should be trained to manage fluids to maintain equipment performance
blind spots and use cameras or assistive technologies. and safety.
5. Overturns: Heavy machinery can tip over on unstable
Reference: [Link]
terrain. Avoid steep slopes, uneven ground, and
ensure proper load distribution.