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Class9 Math Quick Revision

The document provides quick revision notes for Class 9 Mathematics covering topics such as irrational numbers, laws of exponents, polynomial theorems, triangle congruence criteria, and surface area and volume formulas. Key concepts include the proof of irrational numbers, rationalization of denominators, and various geometric theorems. It also includes Heron's formula for calculating the area of triangles and formulas for volumes and surface areas of common shapes.

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6 views3 pages

Class9 Math Quick Revision

The document provides quick revision notes for Class 9 Mathematics covering topics such as irrational numbers, laws of exponents, polynomial theorems, triangle congruence criteria, and surface area and volume formulas. Key concepts include the proof of irrational numbers, rationalization of denominators, and various geometric theorems. It also includes Heron's formula for calculating the area of triangles and formulas for volumes and surface areas of common shapes.

Uploaded by

vineetamatura23
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 9 Mathematics – Quick Revision Notes

Irrational Numbers (Proof Idea)

• Irrational numbers cannot be written as p/q where q ≠ 0.

• Example proof: √2 is irrational.

• Assume √2 = p/q in lowest form.

• Squaring: 2 = p²/q² → p² = 2q².

• So p² is even → p is even.

• Let p = 2k → substitute → q² = 2k² → q also even.

• This contradicts that p/q is in lowest form → √2 is irrational.

Rationalization of Denominator

• Process of removing irrational numbers from the denominator.

• Example: 1/√2 → multiply numerator and denominator by √2.

• Result: √2 / 2.

• If denominator is a + √b, multiply by conjugate (a − √b).

Laws of Exponents

• a^m × a^n = a^(m+n)

• a^m / a^n = a^(m−n)

• (a^m)^n = a^(mn)

• (ab)^m = a^m b^m

• (a/b)^m = a^m / b^m

• a^0 = 1 (a ≠ 0)

Zero of a Polynomial

• If p(x) = 0 for x = a, then a is a zero of the polynomial.

• Example: For p(x) = x² − 4, zeros are 2 and −2.

Remainder Theorem
• If polynomial p(x) is divided by (x − a),

• the remainder is p(a).

Factor Theorem

• (x − a) is a factor of p(x) if p(a) = 0.

Algebraic Identities

• (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

• (a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b²

• (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b²

• (a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³

Parallel Lines and Transversal

• If a transversal cuts two parallel lines:

• Alternate interior angles are equal.

• Corresponding angles are equal.

• Interior angles on the same side sum to 180°.

Congruence Criteria of Triangles

• SSS – all sides equal

• SAS – two sides and included angle equal

• ASA – two angles and included side equal

• RHS – right angle, hypotenuse and one side equal

Isosceles Triangle Theorem

• If two sides of a triangle are equal,

• angles opposite those sides are also equal.

Parallelogram Theorems

• Opposite sides are equal.


• Opposite angles are equal.

• Diagonals bisect each other.

• Adjacent angles are supplementary.

Circle Theorems

• Angle in a semicircle is 90°.

• Angles in the same segment are equal.

• Equal chords subtend equal angles.

Heron's Formula

• Used to find area of triangle when three sides are known.

• Semi■perimeter s = (a + b + c)/2

• Area = √(s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c))

Surface Area and Volume

• Cube: Volume = a³, Surface area = 6a²

• Cuboid: Volume = l × b × h

• Cylinder: Volume = πr²h

• Sphere: Volume = 4/3 πr³

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