ELUMALAI POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

VILLUPURAM

DEPARTMENT OF BASIC ENGINEERING

EP232460
BASIC ENGINEERING PRACTICES

PREPARED BY

S. RAMAKRISHNAN

LECTURER / MECHANICAL
 Personal safety
Personal safety is taking preventive action to reduce hazards that can result in
slips, fals and manual handling injuries. The following safety precautions to be
practiced in the workplace to ensure the personal safety.
1) Use safety devices like Apron, Goggles, Gloves, Shields, Tongs, etc.
2) Always wear tight fit clothing with tucked in.
3) Never wear chappals in the workshop. Always wear leather shoes.
4) Do not wear watches, metallic bangles, neck chains and any ornaments while
working in the workshop.
5) Always walk in the Aisle space provided in the workshop.
6) Never carry any sharp tool in the pocket.
7) Always operate machines at a safe distance.
8) Keep hands away from moving/rotating machinery.
9) Use hand tools carefully, keeping both hands behind the cutting edge.
10) Do not run in the workshop, you could bump into another person and cause an
accident.

Personal safety equipment or personal protective equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is used to protect individuals from the risks
of injury and infection by minimizing exposure to chemical, biological, and physical
hazards. It includes devices for the protection of eyes, head, ears, hands, respiratory
system, body, and feet. The commonly used equipment are :
+ Safety goggles and face shields :They are used for tasks that can cause eye
damage or loss of vision, sprays of toxic liquids, splashes, and burns.
Face masks and respirators : They are used for a task that can cause
inhalation of harmful materials to enter the body. This includes harmful gas,
chemicals, large-particle droplets, sprays, splashes, or splatter that may
contain viruses and bacteria, viral infections, and more.
Safety helmets and headgears : They are required for tasks that can cause
any force or object falling to the head.
Safety suits and aprons :They are used for tasks that can cause body injuries
from extreme temperatures, flames and sparks, toxic chemicals, insect bites
and radiation.
+ Safety gloves : They are used for tasks that can cause hand and skin burns,
absorption of harmfulsubstances, cuts, fractures or amputations.
+ Knee pads and safety boots :They are used for tasks that cancause serious
foot and leg injuries from falling or rolling objects, hot substances, electrical
hazards, and slippery surfaces,
+ Ear muffs and plugs : They are used for tasks that can cause hearing
problems and loss of hearing.

1
 Plumbing - Introduction

Plumbing
To conveying the fluid type material by using the pipe, valve and adopters the process is
also known as plumbing.
Plumbing is one of the Engineering technology and its involves water supplying by
Distribution system and water disposal by drainage System.
Also, the decorative system fountain and water supply and drainage system made with
pipes are included in the category of plumbing and we call the professionals who do these works
as PLUMBER.
 Main Classification of Plumbing
 Water Distribution
 Sanitary Disposal

Plumbing Tools

1. Pipe Vice
The pipe vice is Used by plumbers for Hold a pipe to Threading and cutting.

Fig 1.1 Pipe Vice

2. Bench Vice
Bench vice used to hold a wood and hard metal pieces during the work.

Fig 1.2 Bench Vice

2
3. Hand hacksaw
Hand Hacksaw is used to cut the materials (Steel, Plastic, etc.,).

Fig 1.3 Hand hacksaw

4. Screw Driver
Screw Driver is small hand instrument ad it’s used for insert and removes the
screws.

Fig 1.4 Screw Driver

5. Pliers
Pliers are used to cutting, holding and pulling of wires.

Fig 1.5 Pliers

6. Parrot Pliers
The pliers feature a unique saw tooth locking jaw system designed to work on
standard, rounded, damaged, unusual shaped, or difficult-to-grip fasteners and pipes.

Fig 1.6 Parrot pliers

3
7. Tap Wrench
A tap wrench is a hand tool used to turn taps or other small tools, such as hand
reamers and screw extractors.

Fig 1.7 Tap Wrench

8. Pipe Wrench
The adjustable pipe wrench is used to hold or turn pipes or circular bars.

Fig 1.8 Pipe Wrench

9. Measuring Tape
Measuring tape is used to measure the distance, length or size of Pipes, Materials
and Working site.

Fig 1.9 Measuring Tape

10. Steel Rule
Steel rules are used to measure the pipe sizes.

Fig 1.10 Steel Rule

11. Scriber
Scriber is marking tool and its used to mark the material for cutting and other needs
depending upon the work.

Fig 1.11 Scriber

4
12. Adjustable Wrench
A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in
applying torque to turn objects—usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or keep
them from turning.

Fig 1.12 Adjustable wrench

13. Trowel
Trowel is a small hand tool consisting of a flat blade with a handle used for
spreading and smoothing mortar or plaster and also used for exposing the soil carefully.

Fig 1.13 Trowel

14. Hammer
The hammers are used for general carpentry, framing, nail pulling, cabinet making,
assembling furniture, upholstering, finishing, riveting, bending or shaping metal, striking
masonry drills and steel chisels, and so on.

Fig 1.14 Hammer

15. Chisels
The chisels are used for carving and cutting hard materials such as wood, stone,
and metal.

Fig 1.15 Chisels

5
16. Drilling Machine
Drilling Machine used for drill the Walls and Hard Surface for insert the nails and
holding materials.

Fig 1.16 Drilling Machine

17. Cutting Machine
Cutting Machines are used to cutting the Materials like Pile and rods etc.,

Fig 1.17 Cutting Machine

18. Ratchet brace
The Ratchet brace small hand tool.
Used to drill holes or nails into wood.

Fig 1.18 Ratchet Brace

19. Caulking tool
Caulking Tool used for apply the caulk inside of gaps on materials.

Fig 1.19 Caulking Tool

6
20. Gainti (Pick – axe)
It is used to pick a hard soil for excavation.

Fig 1.20 Pick Axe

21. Spade
The Spade is used for picking and excavating the soil from ground.

Fig 1.21 Spade

22. Spanner
Spanners are used for tight and remove the nut and bolt.

Fig 1.22 Spanner

23. Pipe Die set

The pipe die set is used for create threads in pipes

Fig 1.23 Pipe Die Set

7
24. File
The File are used to remove the bur from cutted pipes and also used for level the
surface.

Fig 1.24 File

25. Sprit level
A Spirit Level is a tool used to indicate how parallel (level) or perpendicular
(plumb) a surface is relative to the earth. A spirit level gets its name from the mineral spirit
solution inside the levels.

Fig 1.25 Sprit level

26. Try Square
Try Square is used for measure 900 angle.

Fig 1.26 Try Square

27. Calipers
A caliper is a type of measuring tool that measures the distance between two
opposite sides of an object.

Fig 1.27 Callipers

8
28. Screw Nails and Clamp
Screw, nails and clamps are used to hold and hang the pipe to wall.

Fig 1.28.1 Screw and Nails Fig 1.28.2 Clamp

29. Pipe cutter

Pipe cutter is used for cut the plastic pipe and materials.

Fig 1.29 Pipe Cutter

30. Teflon Tape

It is used to provide grip and strong connection for threaded joints in pipe.

`
Fig 1.30 Teflon Tape

9
 Electrical - Introduction
Basic Concept of Electricity

Electricity is a type of energy that consists of the movement of electrons between two
points when there is a potential difference between them, making it possible to generate what is
known as an electric current. The Electricity is main source for all the electrical based equipment’s.

Electrical Tools
1. Connector Screw Driver (10 cm)
It is a small screw driver. It is used for fixing the tiny screws on the holders, plug
pins and sockets.

Fig 2.1 Screw Driver

2. Neon Tester
It is used for testing the supply. The phase wire can be identified by the Tester glow
of light in the tester when the tip of the tester is placed on it. is provided with a Screw driver
but this should be used with care.

Fig 2.2 Screw Driver

3. Adjustable Screw Spanner (15 Cm)

It is used for loosening and tightening nuts and bolts in appliances. The spanner
could be electrical adjusted to suit the width of the nut or bolt head.

Fig 2.3 Adjustable screw spanner

10
4. Electrician’s Knife
It made up of good steel and is foldable. It is used removing and insulation and
cleaning wires.

Fig 2.4 Screw Driver

5. Electrician’s Pliers
It is useful for cutting, twisting and puling wires. Cutting pliers are specified in
lengths and available in the range of 15 to 30cm’s, the handles of the pliers are provided
with insulation jacket to provide safety from electric shock.

Fig 2.5 Electrician’s Pliers

6. Insulated Nose pliers

It is used for holding nuts and screw in such places where space is limited. the jaws
of pliers are made long for the above purpose.

Fig 2.6 Insulated Nose Pliers

7. Wire Cutter
It consists of two sharp edges by which we can cut the wire.

Fig 2.7 Wire Cutter

11
 IMPORTANCE OF EARTHING SYSTEM
System earthing also allows for equipotential bonding to all metal works to
prevent potential differences between them. Having Earth as a common reference point
also keeps the electrical system's potential difference limited to the supply voltage,.
The connection between electrical appliances and devices with the earth plate
or electrode through a thick wire of low resistance to provide safety is known as
Earthing' or Grounding.
Earthing System or Grounding System in an electrical network work as a safety
measure to protect human life as well as equipment, the main objective of the Earthing
system is to provide an alternative path for dangerous currents to flow so that accidents
due to electric shock and damage to the equipment can be avoided.

Here are some advantages of the Earthing system:

1. Safety for Human Life, Electrical Devices and Buildings

It saves the human life from the danger of electrical shock which can cause
death, by blowing afuse. It protects your electric equipment or devices.
It provides a safe path for lighting and short circuit currents and saves the
building from structural damage.

2. Voltage Stabilization
Electricity comes from many sources, every transformer can be considered as a
separate source. If there is no point which will act as a common point, then 1t S
impossible to make a calculation between these sources.
In an electrical distribution system, Earth is the omnipresent
which makes it a universal standard for all-electric systems. conductive surace

3. Over Voltage Protection

Earthing System provides an alternative path in the electrical System to minimize
the dangerous effect in the electrical system which happens at the time of igutue
and unintentional contact with high voltage lines.
Now that you have got an idea of the Earthing system, 1t is time to know how
to set up an Earthing or Grounding system at your
home. office or shop.
12
 METHODS OF EARTHING
Conventional Method of Earthing is Plate type and Pipe Type Earthing.

1. Plate Type Earthing

YOu need to have some basic components, a cast iron plate or a copper plate
Or a galvanized iron plate. The plate is buried 8 feet into the ground with bolts in
a vertical position.
These pits generally filled with layers of salt and charcoal up to 4 feet starting
from the bottom.

2. Pipe Type Earthing

Earthing pipes are also known as earthing electrode pipes, these can be used in
homes, offices as well as power stations. Earthing pipes are used in the electrical
installation and transmission line. Copper pipe is generally used in this type of earthing
system.
The Pipe size depends upon the current to be carried and on soil type. Generally,
the pipe used for this purpose is of 38 mm diameter and 2.5 m in length, buried in
the 'earthing pit' at that depth.
This type of Earthing is reliable, durable, easy to handle and highly secure.
Connectivity of the pipe is up to the Chamber or earth terminal. The connection of
earth wire goes in a galvanized iron Pipe, which, being above the ground level makes
it easy to check for any faults.
To have an effective earthing in the summer, this type of earthing requires about
3-4 buckets of water poured into this earthing pit through a funnel to make sure the
earthing works fine.
Overall, it is one of the most widely used methods of earthing.
3. Rod Earthing
This type of earthing 1s Same as pipe earthing. Rods can be of copper or
galvanized iron. If you are using a copper rod, make sure the diameter of the rod is
125 mm and if you want to use a galvanized iron rod then diameter should be of
25 mm.

The length of the rod should be approximately 2.5 M (8.2 f), which will he
buried in the earth vertically.
13
 COMPONENTS NEEDED FOR CCTV CAMERA INSTALLATION

1. Camera
If you're building a CCTV Camera System, you have two camera options:
Internet Protocol (IP) or analog. IP is usually the preferred choice due to its
compatibility with most devices. Many different types of camneras can be installed.
for. example -dome cameras, bullet cameras, covert cameras.

Depending on hÍW many angles you want to cover, hOW many cameras you
will need in that specific area, how much resolution or detailing you require when
you choose your preferred cameras.

2. Monitoring Station
A monitor arguably facilitates the most important function of a security camera:
viewing recorded images and footage. Deciding how many monitors you'll need is
dependent upon what, and which area you are monitoring. You wouldn't need more
than three to five screens if you aren't operating in a large-scale facility. Alhough
if your requirements change, you can easily add or remove monitors anytime to match
the compatibility of your camera.

3. Cables & Routers

Depending on the type of surveillance system, and cameras you choose, you
will need supporting technologies like cables, and routers to be integrated into your
system for a seamless connection. For example, wireless systems require a router,
while wired versions do not.

Therefore, choose the cables, and wires after selecting your cameras, and
monitors according to your unique needs.

4. Video Recorders

The video recorder is the device where video recorded on the camera gets
processed for storage & viewing. There are two types of video recorders: DVR (Digital
Video Recorders) and NVR (Network Video Recorders). You can learn more about
them here.

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5. Data Storage
Your CCTV security system is only as good as the hard disk backing it. The
storage device for a security camera system should be able to record, store and re-play
videos non-stop from multiple feeds. Regular hard drives that are used in PS and
critical to choose
Laptops are ill equipped to handle CCTV storage needs. Hence, it is
a robust storage system for safe data storage.
2.35 IP CAMERA INSTALLATION
requires a PoE (Power over Ethernet) network connection. Installation
1ne P Camera
and adjusting the cameras to
requires running the network cables, adding switches,
areas you want to see. Run the network cable through the walls and ceilings
View the
install the IP cameras.
to all the locations where you would like to

Intenof
Smart
phone Tablet PC

IP Camera
(PoE Module insider) Router Modem

PC in LAN

PoE Switch
Switch with PoE function

Fig. 2.21

SECURITY CAMERAS
2.36
CCTV or "closed-circuit television" cameros
known as
Security cameras, also Mdeo recordings of a particular area to a
frequency and send images or SD
use radio card.
like a DVR or
device
designated storage

15
2.44 AUTOMATIC ALARM INITIATING DEVICES
Fire alarm initiating devices are devices used to manually or automatically signal
a fire alarm system to initiate responses from equipment and people. These devices
connect to the fire alarm system's control panel (FACP) and when triggered, send
signals to the FACP to go into the alarm stage, sounding alerts throughout the building
and to emergency responders.
2.45 MANUALLY ACTUATED ALARM-INITIATING DEVICES
The mnost common type of manual fire alarm initiating device is the manual
pull station. This device works by manually sending signals to the control panel when
someone pulls the handle

FIRE

Fig. 2.25

USING
INSPECTION AND TESTING / SMOKE DETECTOR
2.46 COMPONENTS USED
ARDUINO AND SMOKE SENSOR:
detect LPG, 1-butane, propane, methane, alcohol.
This sensor is also used to
when ever smoke is detected by this sensor it gives
There by
hydrogen, smoke. the programme in the Arduino runs and gives the
information to arduino, and buzzes in caution of smoke
detected and buzzer
information that smoke

UNO development board

2.46.1 Arduino board based on the
micrOcontroller
an open-source
The Arduino Uno is (MCU) and developed by
[Link] and
microcontroller
Microchip ATmega 328P
initially released

16
HOT WATER AND COLD WATER LAYOUT

17
 Install the water supply system as shown in the layout
(shower with hot and cold water supply) and prepare
the bill of material with specifications.

Ex. No: 01

Aim
To Install the water supply system as shown in the layout (shower with hot and cold water
supply) and prepare the bill of material with specifications.

Material Required
½” CPVC Pipe, ½” Tee, ½” Elbow, ½” valve, ½” nipple, ½”- ¾” reducer, Shower, Valve
mixer, water tap, ½” End cap, ¾” End cap.

Instruments Required
Pipe Vice, Pipe Cutter, Hacksaw Blade with Frame, file, Steel rule, Measuring tape,
scriber, Pipe Wrench, Caplon Tape Solvents, Brush.

Procedure
1. Prepare a Plan for given layout.
2. Prepare an Estimation with specification what are the materials we want to install a planned
layout properly.
3. Get a quote from different suppliers for comparison and purchase the material from which
one is better than others.
4. As per the layout Mark the different fittings in your work area.
5. Measure the length for install a pipe line and cut a PVC Pipe in required length.
6. Check the Burrs in the Pipe end and clean clearly before the installation process
7. provide separate line for Hot and cold water supply
8. connect the inlet to Valve mixer and provide outlet from valve mixer connect to Water tap
and Shower as per plan.
9. Finally check the Pipe line flow and water pressure if it is safe ensure and complete the
work.

Result
Installation of the water supply system (shower with hot and cold water supply) and bill
preparation of material with specifications for shown in the layout work was done successfully.

18
DRAINAGE SYSTEM LAYOUT

19
 Install the drainage system as shown in the layout and prepare the
bill of material with specifications.

Ex. No: 02

Aim
To Install the drainage system as shown in the layout and prepare the bill of material with
specifications.

Material Required
Water Closet, Wash Basin, Floor Drain, 4” PVC Pipe, 3” PVC Pipe, 2” PVC Pipe, 4” Bend,
4” Wye bend, 4”45 0 Bend, 4” -3” Reducer, 3”x2” Wye, 3” U bend, 3”-2” reducer, 2” Bend, 4” U
bend, 4”x2” Wye, 4” Vent Cap,

Instruments Required
Pipe Vice, Pipe Cutter, Hacksaw Blade with Frame, file, Steel rule, Measuring tape,
scriber, Pipe Wrench, Teflon Tape Solvents, Brush.

Procedure
1. Prepare a Plan to the given layout.
2. Prepare an Estimation with specification what are the materials we want to install a planned
layout properly.
3. Get a quote from different suppliers for compression and purchase the material from which
one is better than others.
4. As per the layout Mark the different fittings in your work area
5. Measure the length for install a Drain pipe line than cut a PVC Pipe in required length.
6. Check the Burrs in the Pipe end and clean clearly before the installation process
7. Install a Water Closet and Wash Basin at Their position as per the plan and marking.
8. Provide a Slope ¼” per Foot for drain the Waste from fittings.
9. Install a Drainage pipe line as per the planning layout and finish the Installation.
10. Finally check the Pipe line drain and flow if it is safe ensure and complete the work.

Result
Installation of the drainage system and bill preparation of material with specifications for
shown in the layout work was done successfully.

20
WATER SUPPLY TO STORAGE LAYOUT

21
 Install the given pump for the water supply to storage. Prepare the list of
components with specifications

Ex. No: 03

Aim

To install the given pump for the water supply to storage. Prepare the list of components
with specifications

Material Required

Motor Pump, Foot Valve, ¾” Pipe, ¾” Tee, ¾” Elbow, ¾” valve

Instruments Required

Pipe Vice, Pipe Cutter, Hacksaw Blade with Frame, file, Steel rule, Measuring tape,
scriber, Pipe Wrench, Teflon Tape Solvents, Brush.
.

Procedure

1. Prepare a Plan to install a Motor Pump setup.

2. Prepare an Estimation with specification what are the materials we need to install a planned
Water pump setup properly.
3. Get a quote from different suppliers and purchase the material from which one is better
than others.
4. Measure the length for install a pipe to water pump than cut a PVC Pipe in required length.
5. Check the Burrs in the Pipe end and clean clearly before the installation process
6. Install a Water Pump and their position as per plan and marking
7. Provide a Foot valve to suck the water from tank.
8. Install an Outlet Pipe system from Water Pump and provide a inlet for over head tank.
9. Finally check the Pipe line flow and water pressure if it is safe ensure and complete the
work.

Result

Installation of the water pump and bill preparation of material with specification work was
done successfully.

22
WATER PURIFIER LAYOUT

23
 Install the Water Purifier and mount the filter. Demonstrate how to
replace the damaged components, membrane, filter, valve and water
tank
Ex. No: 04

Aim

To Install the Water Purifier and mount the filter. Demonstrate how to replace the
damaged components, membrane, filter, valve and water tank.

Material Required

 Spare: Membrane, Filter, Valve

 Water Tank Cleaner

Tools Required

Screw Driver, Drilling Machine, Teflon tape, Cutting pliers, R.O Tool kit, Tester,
insulation tape.

Procedure
1. Install a Motor setup and connect the all water tubes and valves for inlet and outlet of water
flow.
2. Insert the Water filter, Membrane and Water tank in R.O Purifier.
3. Check the tube and valve Connection with Components as per the instruction of R.O
Purifier Installation issued by manufacturer.
4. Insert R.O hanger in wall and Mount the R.O Purifier in marked location.
5. Run the R.O purifier and complete the Work.

6. Check the R.O Water Purifier Inlet and Outlet find out the leakages and damages
7. Stop the Water inlet and change the Valve and clear the issues
8. Remove the Panels by screw driver and check the Filter and Membrane and find out the
issues
9. Remove the Filter from cartridge and clean the cartridge by fresh water
10. Run the R.O Purifier and complete the Work.

Result

Installation process of Water Purifier and the damaged components, membrane, filter,
valve and water tanks are replaced successfully.

24
SINGLE PHASE POWER SUPPLY LAYOUT

25
 Connect the single phase power supply for domestic applications as
per the circuit diagram. List the bill of material with specifications.
bill of materials with specifications.
Ex. No: 05

Aim
To Connect the Single phase Power supply for domestic application as per the circuit
diagram and prepare the list of material with bill and specification.

Materials Required
Single Phase, Energy Meter, 6 Way DB 2 Phase, 16 Amps MCB, 10 Amps MCB 1 Phase,
Socket-5 Amps 230 v, Switch-5 Amps, 230 V, Ceiling Fan, Fan Regulator, Lamp, Wooden Box
(2 Switch, 2 Socket, 1 Regulator), Wire.

Tools Required
Pliers, Electrician knife, Wire Cutter, Screw Driver, Electrical Line Tester, Insulation tape,
Steel Rule. Hacksaw, hammer, Multi meter.

Procedure
1. Prepare the Layout of circuit and prepare the list of materials needed for preparing circuit
connection.
2. Mark the setup locations in field and prepare the located points for Electrical Work
3. Provide the input and output for single phase Energy meter as per the layout diagram
4. Take the materials and measure the wire we needed and cut the wire as per need for
preparing the circuit.
5. Prepare the circuit connection of Fan, Lamps and Sockets as per the circuit layout.
6. Finally check the connection and verify the connection was prepared as per the layout
properly.
7. Run the Circuit and check the Working Condition ensure the condition of power supply is
safe then complete the Work.

Result
The connection of Single phase power supply for domestic application as per the layout
was done successfully.

26
ERRECT EARTH FIT LAYOUT

27
 Prepare an earth bit and erect the earth electrode / plate.
Mention the Importance of Earthing and Lightning arrester.

Ex. No: 06

Aim
To Prepare an earth bit and erect the earth electrode. Mention the importance of Earthing
and Lightning arrester.

Material Required
GI Pipe, Bolt nut, Copper Wire, Sand, Salt, Charcoal, Water

Tools Required
Pick axe, Spade, Screw Driver, Drilling Machine, Spanner, Tester, Multimeter.

Procedure
1. Procedure Select the Land for Earthing and excavate the soil for earthing pit erection.
2. Remove the soil from pit for 4 feet and getting ready the pit for Earthing.
3. Take the G.I Pipe and drill the both end and insert the bolt at the both ends.
4. Insert the G.I Pipe inside of the pit by 1foot above the ground level and tie the copper wire
electrode around the G.I pipe and connect the Both Bolted part booth end.
5. Fill the Earth pit first layer by sand and fill another layer by Charcoal and sand layer by
layer.
6. Finely fill the layer with 20 mm coarse aggregate and complete the earth filling
7. Fill the Water Inside of pit by the way of G.I pipe top end.
8. After completing the process take the copper electrode from earth pit and provide earth to
all the electrical appliances, all switch boxes, meter box etc.
9. Finally the Earthling Work was completed so check the earth in all electrical provisions
and confirm the working condition and finish the work properly.

Result
Preparation of earth bit and earth electrode erection was done successfully.

28
CCTV CAMERA LAYOUT

29
 Install a CCTV Camera and configure. Mention the list of
Components.

Ex. No: 07

Aim
To Install a CCTV Camera and Configure. and also Mention the list of components needed
for Installation.

Material Required
Camera, Digital Video Recorder (DVR), Hard Disk, Switched Mode Power Supplier
(SMPS), BNC Pin (Bayonet Neill–Concelman), Connecting Cable, 12v Power supply Adopter.

Tools Required
Drilling Machine, Hammer, Tester, Cutting Pliers, Screw Driver, Wire Cutter, Insulation
Tape

Procedure
1. CCTV is installed for Recording and monitoring the activities around the area. CCTV with
DVR is installed by following step by step method.
2. Mount the camera in to the monitoring Location. Then measure the length of Camera to
DVR location and Cut the Cable for camera installation.
3. Open the cover Panel of Digital Video Recorder (DVR) and connect the Hard Disk to
Control Board by wired adopter then close the cover and Screw properly.
4. Provide 12 V Power supply adopter for DVR then on the DVR and check the Power supply.
5. Take the Connecting Cable, in this cable having four wire 1 for Camera BNC pin to DVR,
2 for Power supply to SMPS and another 1 for Mic provision so provide BNC pin and 12v
Power supply cable to both side of the cable ends.
6. Take the Switched Mode Power Supplier (SMPS) and connect the 12 V Power supply wire
by mentioned + and – port and connect another side to cable.
7. Provide BNC pin and connect one end of the cable to DVR.
8. Take the Camera and connect another end of the cable to camera’s 12 v Power supply
connector and BNC Pin for DVR.

Result
The Installation and Configuring process of the CCTV was done & working Successful.
The Components used also mentioned. So the given work was done successfully.

30
FIRE ALARM LAYOUT

31
 Install the Smoke Detector Alarm / Fire Alarm
system as per the circuit (Electrical / IOT based)

EX. No: 08

Aim
To Install the Smoke Detector system as per the circuit by IOT Based.

Material Required
Battery operated Smoke Detector, AA size Battery.

Tools Required
Drilling Machine, Neil and Screw, Hammer, Measuring Tape, Screw Driver, Marking tool.

Procedure
1. Take the Battery Operated smoke detector and open the case
2. Install the AA size Battery to the Smoke detector and on the smoke detector.
3. Check the smoke detector by long press the smoke detector button.
4. Mark the location where the area is hazardous from fire.
5. Drill the marked location (Wall, Ceiling, Industrial provisions etc.,) and mount the Smoke
detector at marked points properly.
6. The Installation process of Battery operated smoke detector was completed so, Check the
Smoke detector by manually.
7. When the smoke alarm is on that time the area having issue from fire so find out the fired
area and off the fire properly.
8. When the smoke out from the room or area then the alarm’s self activation was off
automatically.

Result
The Battery operated type Smoke Alarm (IOT based) was installed and run successfully.
Working condition of smoke detecting was good.

32
 EP232460
BASIC ENGINEERING PRACTICES

WRITTEN TEST (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)

1. Which tool is used to class and sharpen the jaw of pipe wrench?
a) Flat file b) Rasp file c) Triangular file d) Half round file (Ans. : c)
2. Which one is used to wash out the small particles of dirt in chain
pipe cutter?
a) Light oil b) Kerosene c) Petrol d) Turpentine (Ans. : b)
3. What is the working pressure usually made on Joints for Pressure
Test?
a) 5 kg/cm? b) 6 kg/cm? c) 8 kg/cm² d) 10kg/cm² (Ans. : d)
4. What is the Indian Standard specification of sand cost CI pipe used
for soil pipes?
a) IS 1536 b) IS 1538 c) IS 1729 d) IS 3989 (Ans. : c)
5. What is theminimum radius required for tubing bend?
a) 2 times the diameter b) 3 times the diameter
c) 4 times the diameter d) 5 times the diameter (Ans. : d)
6. Which pipe is mostly used for carrying cold water?
a) PVC pipe b) Steel pipe c) Copper pipe d) Lead pipe (Ans. : a)
7. Which pipe is used for carrying cold and hot water?
a) Polypropylene
b) Low density poly ethylene
c) High density poly ethylene
d) Poly propylene random co-polymer (Ans. : d)
8. Which has an exterior pipe thread end used for fitting in the socket?
a) bend b) Plug c) Tee d) Elbow (Ans. : b)
33
9. State the two advantages of PVC pipes?
a) Durable and corrosion free b) Light weight and economical
c) Light weight and corrosion free d) Durable and
economical
(Ans. : c)
10. Which chemical solvent is used to remove grease in
joint of PVC? solvent cement
a) Sulphuric acid b) Methylene chloride
c) Nitric acid d) Hydrogen chloride (Ans. : b)
11. What is done prior to fixing the PVC pipes on wall
with wooden
plugs and clamps?
a) Check for proper size b) Clean the pipes internally
c) Align the pipes d) check the accessories (Ans. : c)
12. Which meter is used to measure the colour of
water?
a) Thermometer b) Tintometer c) Monometer d) Hydrometer
(Ans. : d)
13. What is the desirable temperature of potable water?
a) 10 degree centigrade b) 6 degree centigrade
c) 8 degree centigrade d) 5 degree centigrade (Ans. : a)
14, What is the colour of pure water?
a) White b) Colorless
c) Blue d) Green (Ans. : b)
3. Which test is to find the hardness of water?
a) Physical test b) bacteriological test
c) Chemical test d) Zeolite test (Ans. : c)
16. Which is the process of water preparation for the industrial purpose?
a) Demineralization b) Lime soda process
c) Zeolite process d) Reverse osmosis process (Ans. : a)

34
 Which process works on the principle of diffusion in water softening
17.
treatment?

a) Demineralisation b) Reverse osmosis process

(Ans. : b)
c) Lime soda process d) Zeolite process
ferrules in dual system of treated
18. Which material is used to make
water supply?
d) Bronze (Ans. : c)
a) Lead b) Steel c) Brass
suitable for towns growing
19. Which water supply distribution system is
irregularly?
a) Radial system b) Grid iron system
d).Tree or dead end system (Ans. : d)
c) Circle or ring system
20. Discharge of a centrifugal pump is proportional to.
a) Impeller diameter (D) b) D²
d) (1/d) (Ans. : b)
c) D³
21. In acentrifugal pump the liquid enters the pump.
a) at the top b) at the bottom
c) at the centre d) from sides (Ans. : c)
22. The centrifugal pump has a.
a) Variable flow b) Continuous flow
c) Uniform flow d) Constant flow (Ans. : b)

23. The maximum efficiency of centrifugal pump is.

b) 60% c) 85% d) 1009% (Ans. : c)
a) 50%
24. The reciprocating pump has a.
a) Pulsating flow b) Uniform flow
d) Constant flow (Ans. : a)
c) Continuous flow
25. The maximum efficiency of areciprocating pump is.
a) 50% b) 60%
d) 100% (Ans. : c)
c) 85%
35
 O6. The Purest form of natural water is.
a) River water b) Sea watèr
c) Underground d) Rain water (Ans. : d)
27. What is the percentage of dissolved salts achieved from the RO unit?
a) 30-40% b) 95-99% c) 75-85% d) 50-65% (Ans. : b)
28. RO membranes are made of
a) Plastic b) cotton c) silk d) Polymer (Ans. : d)
29. What is the maximum acceptable limit of temperature for RO?
a) 20°C b) 30°C c) 40°C d) 50°C (Ans. : c)
30. What is the design temperature of RO system?
a) 20°C b) 25°C
c) 30°C d) 35°C (Ans. : b)

31. What is the operating pH for RO systems?

a) 2-3 b) 4-6
c) 5-7 d) 8-9 (Ans. : c)
32. What is the thumb rule to consider for osmotic pressure?
a) 1 PSi for every 86 ppm of Na
b) 2 PSi for every 86 ppm of Na
c) 1Psi for every 43 ppm of Na
d) 2 PSi for every 43 ppm of Na (Ans. : a)

33. What is the flux considered while designing a reverse osmosis system
for treating RO permeates?
a) 30-40 LMH b) 12-18 LMH
d) 25-30 LMH (Ans. : a)
c) 20-25 LMH
O4. What is the flux considered while designing a reverse osmosis system
for treating bore well water?
a) 30-40LMH b) 40-50 LMH
d) 12-18 LMH (Ans. : c)
c) 20-30 LMH
36
 reverse osmosis system
35. What is the flux considered while designing a
for treating surface water?
a) 15-22 LMH b) 22-30LMH
c) 12-15 LMH d) 30-35 LMH (Ans. : a)
filtration?
36. Which of the following factors are considered in ultra
a) Smell b) color c) Taste d) Size (Ans. : d)

37. Which of the following is a tertiary filtration?

a) Coagulation b) Sand filtration
c) Flocculation d) Sedimentation (Ans. : b)
38. Which of the following is not correct with respect to ultra filtration?

a) Chemicals required b) Compact plant siz

c) Good product quality d) Good pathogen removal (Ans. : a)
39. Purified water should have a pH of
a) 4.5 -5.5 b) 5.5-6.5
c) 6.5-7.5 d) 7.5 - 8.5 (Ans. : c)
40. Electrical resistivity of a given metallic wire depends
a) Length b) thickness
c) Shape d) Nature of the material (Ans. : d)
41. Which of the following represents voltage?
a) Work done b) Work done x charge
Work done
c) d) Work done x Chargex Time (Ans. : c)
Current x Time
42. The resistivity does not charge if
a) The material is changed
b) Theshape of resistor is changed
c) The temperature is changed
d) Both material and temperature are charged (Ans. : b)
37
43. Unit of electric power may also be
expressed as
a) Watt second b) Kilowatts hour
c) Volt ampere d) Joule second (Ans. : c)
44. Transformer is a device to convert
a) Mechanical energy into electrical energy
b) Low voltage A.C. into high voltage A.C.
c) Low voltage D.C. intohigh voltage D.C.
d) None of the above (Ans. : a)
45. The most commoniyused electrical conductor is
a) Lead b) Tin c) Brass d) Copper (Ans. : d)
46. Current flow in a circuit when
a) A switch is opened
b) A switch is closed
c) the switch is either opened or closed
d) None of the above (Ans. : b)

47. The gas usually filled in the electric bulb is

a) Carbon dioxide b) Oxygen
d) Nitrogen (Ans. : d)
c) Hydrogen
Law belong?
48. Which of the following fields of science do Kirchhoff's
a) Automaic structure b) Electrical Circuits
(Ans. : b)
c) Organic Chemistry d) Optics
coated with
12. Electric wires are generally
b) Polyurethane
a) Polypropylene (Ans. : c)
c) Polyvinyl chloride d) Polyethylene
inversely as
50. The resistance of a conductor varies
a) Length b) Area of cross-section
(Ans. : b)
d) Resistivity
c) Temperature 38
51. An instrument which detects electric current is known as
: d)
a) Volt meter b) Rheostat c) Watt meter d) Galvanometer (Ans.
52. Ohm's law is not applicable to
a) Vacuum tubes b) Carbon resistors
c) High voltage circuits d) Circuits with low current densities
(Ans. : a)
53. The filament of an electric bulb is made up of
a) Carbon b) Aluminium
c) Tungsten d) Nickel (Ans. : c)
54. Which of the following quantities remain the same in all parts of a
series circuit?

a) Voltage b) current c) Power d) Resistance (Ans. : b)

55. When one leg of parallel circuit is opened out the total current will
a) Reduce b) Increase c) Decrease d) Become zero (Ans. : c)
56. Ohm's law is not applicable to
a) Semi-conductors b) DCcircuits
c) Small resistors d) High currents (Ans. : a)
57. For domestic wiring purposes, how are circuits connected?
a) Straight b) Parallel c) Serial d) Series (Ans. : b)
58. In an A.C. Circuit power is consumed only in
a) Capacitor b) choke c) Inductor d) Resistance (Ans. : d)
59. Which of the following is a characteristic of an earth electrode?
a) Low conductance b) Low resistance
c) Infinite resistance d) High resistance (Ans. : b)
60. Identify the given symbol?
a) Circuit breaker b) Lighting arrestor
c) Earthing d) Grounding (Ans. : d)
39
 SUGGESTED LIST OFSTUDENT ACTIVITY
grouped and
The following activities are suggested. The students shall be
Assessment
each Student/Group should submit two reports for the Internal
and Board Examination as a record of work done.
1. Study the existing water supply and prepare the report.
2. Study the existing drainage system and prepare the report.
3. Study the existing water recycling plant and prepare the report.
4. Study the existing water treatment plant and prepare the report.
5. Studythe existing CCTV system and prepare the report.
6. Study the existing fire-fighting system and prepare the report.
Note: Four students can be grouped as a batch to prepare and submit
the activity report. Each batch should submit any two reports from the above
activity. The report should have the layout of the system, bill of materials
with specifications and important common troubles/errors and rectification
procedure.
The report can be written in the attached sheet and the same can be
submitted as arecord of work done.
40