Name: IMRAN ALI
Roll no: 004
Semester: 6th
Submit to: Ms. SALMA
Date: 12/7/2023
Title: Components of computer
Components of Computer
Introduction:
What is computer?
Computer is derived from the Latin term ‘Computare’, This means to calculate or
programmable machine.
The computer is an electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on
that data, presents the results, and stores the data or results as needed. And
give you Desired result. It performs four primary operations are:
[Link]–entering data into the computer
[Link]–performing operations on the data
[Link]–presenting the results
[Link]–saving data, or output for future use
Block Diagram of Computer System
Keyboard Monitor
CPU
Mouse Speaker
Scanner Printer
Data Information
Other Input Other Output
Primary Memory
Secondary Storage
Device
INPUT DEVICES_> PROCESSING DEVICES_ >STORAGE DEVICES _>OUTPUT DEVICES
Who invented computer?
Charles Babbage a British mechanical engineer called father of the
computer Originated the concept of a programmable computer
Invented first mechanical computer Analytical Engine (1833 to 1871)
Basic Computer Functions
• A computer system consists of four main components
• Each component is responsible for the four major functions that constitute a
computer
Input devices
Are devices used for entering data or instructions to the Central processing unit.
Are classified according to the Method they use to enter data.
• Accept data in human readable form and convert into machine-readable form
• Send data to the Central Processing Unit for processing
• Input can be supplied
– by a person
– by the environment
– by another computer, devices or storage
For input numbers,
word and special
Key board characters
To control cursor
position on the
Mouse computer display
Translate images of
text, drawing and
Scanner photos into a digital
form
A) KEYING DEVICES Are devices used to enter data into the computer using a
set of Keys E.g. Keyboard, key-to-storage and keypad.
The keyboard (similar to a typewriter) Is the main input device of a computer. It
contains three types of keys-- alphanumeric keys, special keys and function keys.
b) POINTING DEVICES Are devices that enter data and instructions into the
computer using a pointer that appears on the screen. The items to be entered are
selected by either pointing to or clicking on them.e.g. mice, joystick, touch sensitive
screen, trackballs
THE MOUSE A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your
computer screen. A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left
button) and a secondary button. Many mice also have a wheel between the two buttons,
which allows you to scroll smoothly through screens of information.
C)SCANNING DEVICES Are devices that capture an object or a document
directly from the source. They are classifying according to the technology used to
capture data e.g. Scanners and Document readers. Scanners Used to capture a source
document and converts it into an electronic form. Example are Flat Bed and Hand Held
scanners.
THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
Is the brain or the heart of a computer. Is also known as Processor and consist of three
units namely
i) Control Unit(CU)
ii)Arithmetic logic Unit(ALU)
iii)Main Memory unit(MMU)
• Control and manipulates data to produce information
• 1.5 inches’ square chip
• Mounted on main circuit board
• The system unit is the core of a computer system. Usually it's a rectangular box
placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic
components that Process data. The most important of these components is The
central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the"brain"of your
computer. Another Component is random access memory (RAM), which
Temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the Computer is on. The
information stored in RAM is erased When the computer is turned off. Almost
every other part of your computer connects to the system unit using cables. The
cables plugin to specific ports (openings), typically on the back of the system
unit.
TYPES OF PROCESSORS
I)Complex Instruction Set Computers(CISC)
ii)Reduced Instruction Set Computers(RISC)
FUNCTIONSOFCENTRALPROCESSING UNIT-
Process data Control sequence of operations within the computers
It gives command to all parts of a computer
It controls the use of the main memory in storing of data and instructions
it provides temporary storage (RAM) and permanent Storage (ROM) of data
Output devices
Translate information processed by computer into human readable form
Information is either hardcopy or softcopy
Devices that display, print, or transmit the results of processing from the
computer’s memory.
Displays text an
Monitor/LCD images (Softcop
data
Printer Documents stor
on computer are
produced on pa
Permanent
(Hardcopy)
Speakers Convert an
electrical signal
sound
MONITOR/LCD
Display device that forms an image by converting electrical signals from the
computer into points of colored light on the screen.
Resolution the density of the grid used to display or print text and graphics; the
greater the horizontal and vertical density, the higher the resolution.
Pixels the smallest unit in a graphic image; computer display devices use a
matrix of pixels to display text and graphics.
PRINTER
Output device that produces text or graphical images on paper.
SPEAKERS
Output devices that receive signals from the computer’s sound card to play
music, narration, or sound effects.
STORAGE DEVICES
• Holds data and programs permanently
• Data or programs remain even after the electricity power is turned off
Hard disk, Floppy disk
CDs, DVD’s
Flash memory, Smart card
• A computer has internal storage (memory) as well as external or secondary
storage. In secondary storage, a large amount of data and programs (set of
instructions) can be stored for future use. The stored data and programs are
available any time for processing. Similarly, information downloaded from the
internet can be saved on the storage media.
TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES
There are 2 types of storage devices
1)PRIMARY STORAGE
2)SECONDARY STORAGE
1)PRIMARY STORAGE:
• Primary memory or main memory or RAM (random access memory)
• Is Volatile memory
• To store the data Temporary
• Support processing
• Ex: RAM
2)secondary storage:
• Used to store the data permanent
• It is non volatile
• Also Called ROM (read only memory)
• Ex: hard disk, pen drive, SSD
THE END