WRITING INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION
A. PAPRAPHRASE
1. Synonyms
Original Sentences Hints Paraphrased Sentences
Climate change causes trigger, severe, event Climate change triggers
extreme weather patterns severe weather events such
like hurricanes and as hurricances and
droughts. droughts.
Artificial intelligence is revolutionize, sector, AI is revolutionizing sectors
transforming industries by streamline by streamlining repetitive
automating repetitive tasks.
tasks.
Group collaboration teamwork, enhance, critical Teamwork enhances
improves students' thinking students’ critical thinking
problem-solving skills and skills and creativity
creativity.
Social media addiction obsession/compulsion, Social media obsession
negatively impacts mental harm, psychological well- harms psychological well-
health being being
Learning a new language acquire, boost, career Acquiring a new language
increases job prospects boosts career prospects.
opportunities.
2. Change active voice to passive voice
The government should support local businesses.
Local businesses should be supported by the authorities.
a) The teacher gives homework every day.
→ Homework is given by the teacher every day.
b) They clean the classrooms every morning.
→ The classrooms are cleaned every morning (by them)
c) My mother cooks dinner at 6 p.m.
→ Dinner is cooked by my mother at [Link]
d) We will open the new shop next month.
→ The new shop will be opened next month.
e) People use plastic bags in supermarkets.
→ Plastic bags are used in supermarkets.
3. Change word forms
The government should support local businesses.
The authorities should provide support/ aid/ help/ assistance for local companies.
Verb Noun
support support
help/ aid/ assist help/ aid / assistance
Ex.1: Paraphrase
a) Original: The teacher advised the students carefully.
→ The teacher gave advice to the students carefully.
(Hint: use "give advice to")
b) Original: They helped the old man cross the street.
→ They gave help to the old man cross the street
(Hint: use "give help to")
c) Original: The speaker presented the new idea clearly.
→ The speaker gave a clear presentation on the new idea.
(Hint: use "give a presentation on")
d) Original: People contributed significantly to the charity.
→ People made a significant contribution to the charity
(Hint: use "make a significant contribution to")
e) Original: The manager explained the rules to us.
→ The manager gave an explanation of the rules to us.
(Hint: use "give an explanation of")
4. Dummy subjects
Ex: The government should support local businesses.
It is necessary/ important/ vital for the authorities to provide assistance for local
companies.
=> It is + adjective (for somebody) + to V
1. Original: Teachers should give clear instructions.
→ It is important for teachers to give clear instructions.
(Hint: important)
2. Original: Children must eat vegetables every day.
→ ___________________________________________________________
(Hint: necessary)
3. Original: We should learn how to work in teams.
→ ___________________________________________________________
(Hint: useful)
4. Original: Drivers need to follow traffic rules.
→ ___________________________________________________________
(Hint: essential)
5. Original: Tourists must respect local culture.
→ ___________________________________________________________
(Hint: important)
B. INTRODUCTION and CONCLUSION
I. Introduction
1. Choose the best introduction:
“Some people argue that homework plays an important role in the education of children. What
are some positive effects of doing homework for children?”
A. It is widely believed that students should do exercises after school because they are an
essential part of their studies.
B. It is widely believed that students should do exercises after school because they are an
essential part of their study. This essay will discuss the advantages of doing homework
for young students.
C. It is widely believed that students should do exercises after school because they are an
essential part of their lives, and they can affect their future. This essay will discuss the
advantages of doing homework for young students.
II. Conclusion
1. Choose the best conclusion
“Some people argue that homework plays an important role in the education of children.
What are some positive effects of doing homework for children?”
A. To summarize, doing homework would definitely benefit young students. However, there
are also some drawbacks that should be taken into consideration.
B. In conclusion, some people argue that homework plays an important role in the
education of children and I agree with this.
C. In conclusion, doing homework would definitely benefit young students. Therefore, they
should be encouraged to maintain this practice on a daily basis.
C. Advantages - Disadvantages Essay
Type 1 Type 2
The advent of the Internet has made it In the future, all cars, buses, and
possible for people to work from home. trucks will be driverless. The only
What are the advantages and people travelling inside these
disadvantages of this professional vehicles will be passengers. Do you
arrangement? think the advantages of driverless
vehicles outweigh the
disadvantages ?
Introductio o Topic: Paraphrase the question o Topic: Paraphrase the
n o Thesis statement (the essay question
discusses both advantages and o Thesis statement (state
disadvantages) which one outweighs the
other)
Conclusion o Restate thesis statement/ o Restate thesis statement/
Summarize the main ideas Summarize the main ideas
o Closing sentence (e.g. warning, o Closing sentence (e.g.
prediction, a suggestion, etc.) warning, prediction, a
suggestion, etc.)
Ex.1: Arrange these sentences
Topic 1: The advent of the Internet has made it possible for people to work from home. What
are the advantages and disadvantages of this professional arrangement?
A. .... Therefore, people find it easier and more convenient to work from home.
B. .... This essay will analyze the advantages and disadvantages that arise when a person
lives and works in the same place.
C. .... It is generally believed that the Internet has revolutionized the world in many ways.
Topic 2:
Topic: Many students now study online instead of going to school.
What are the benefits and problems of online learning?
A. .... It is generally believed that the Internet has made learning more flexible and easy
to access.
B. .... This essay will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of online learning for
students.
C. .... Therefore, students can learn from home without travelling to school.
USEFUL STRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION:
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
It is widely believed that S + V + O
It is true that S + V + O
E.g.: It is true that Nha Trang and Da Nang are very popular among
tourists.
There is a growing interest in/ concern about + [topic]
E.g.: There is a growing concern about games online.
THESIS STATEMENT
This essay will discuss/ examine/ analyze + N/ Nphrase
E.g.:
o This essay will examine the advantages/ benefits of this trend.
o This essay will analyze the benefits and drawbacks of this
development.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, topic [Nphrase] would definitely benefit + someone/ something [,
but there are also some drawbacks that should be taken into consideration.]
o In conclusion, shopping online would definitely benefit people, but
there are also some drawbacks that should be taken into
consideration.
To conclude, there are both positives and negatives to [A].
In conclusion, while [A] can be beneficial, it also has several drawbacks.
1. Many young people nowadays choose to study English
as a second language because they think that English is a
tool which helps them get a good job in the future. What
are some advantages of learning English among
youngsters?
2. These days, families often eat out on the weekends or
on some special occasions to enjoy their spare time with
their loved ones. However, some people believe that
eating at home is a good way to stay healthy and talk to
family members freely. What are some disadvantages of
eating out?
PRACTICE: Write the introduction and conclusion
1. Some people argue that homework plays an important role in the education of children.
What are some positive effects of doing homework among children?
Introduction:
It is a common belief that students should do exercise after school because it will benefit them
in many ways. This essay will discuss some positive impacts of doing homework on children.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, doing homework regularly would definitely benefit young learners.
2. Many young people nowadays choose to study English as a second language because they
think that English is a tool which helps them get a good job in the future. What are some
advantages of learning English among youngsters?
Introduction:
It is widely believed that English is an important condition for a well-paid job. Therefore, this
language has become popular in many classrooms around the world. This essay will analyze the
various benefits of learning English among young learners.
Conclusion:
To conclude, there are many great advantages that learners can gain from studying English,
especially for their future careers.
3. These days, families often eat out on the weekends or on some special occasions to enjoy
their spare time with their loved ones. However, some people believe that eating at home is a
good way to stay healthy and talk to family members freely. What are some disadvantages of
eating out?
Introduction:
It is true that many families nowadays tend to have their meals at a restaurant on the weekend.
This essay will discuss the negative effects of family eating out.
Conclusion:
To conclude, there are some disadvantages of eating out on family relationship and their health.
Therefore, I believe families should have a balance between eating out and cooking at home at
the weekend.