Advanced Algorithms Notes

This document provides comprehensive notes on Breadth-First Search (BFS), Single Source Shortest
Path (SSSP), and Weighted Job Scheduling. These topics are fundamental in computer science and
widely applied in real-world problems.

1. Breadth-First Search (BFS)

Breadth-First Search is a graph traversal algorithm that explores vertices level by level. It uses a queue
data structure.

Algorithm Steps: 1. Start from a source node. 2. Mark it visited. 3. Enqueue it. 4. While queue not
empty: - Dequeue node - Visit neighbors - Enqueue unvisited neighbors

Time Complexity: O(V + E)

Applications include shortest path in unweighted graphs, social networks, and web crawling.

Extended explanation page section 1: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 2: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 3: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 4: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 5: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 6: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 7: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 8: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 9: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.
Extended explanation page section 10: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 11: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 12: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 13: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 14: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.

Extended explanation page section 15: BFS explores nodes layer-wise ensuring shortest path in terms
of edges. It guarantees optimality in unweighted graphs.
2. Single Source Shortest Path (SSSP)

SSSP computes shortest paths from one node to all others.

Algorithms: - Dijkstra’s Algorithm (for non-negative weights) - Bellman-Ford Algorithm (handles

Dijkstra uses priority queue, Bellman-Ford uses relaxation technique.

Extended explanation page section 1: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 2: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 3: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 4: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 5: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 6: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 7: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 8: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 9: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 10: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 11: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 12: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.
Extended explanation page section 13: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 14: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.

Extended explanation page section 15: SSSP is critical in routing, maps, and network optimization
problems.
3. Weighted Job Scheduling

This problem aims to maximize profit from non-overlapping jobs.

Approach: Dynamic Programming with binary search optimization.

Extended explanation page section 1: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 2: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 3: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 4: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 5: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 6: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 7: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 8: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 9: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 10: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 11: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 12: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 13: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.
Extended explanation page section 14: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.

Extended explanation page section 15: Weighted scheduling considers profit and time constraints to
choose optimal subset.