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Machine Learning - Unit 2 - Notes

The document discusses supervised learning, focusing on regression analysis, including linear regression models and multiple regression. It explains the relationship between dependent and independent variables, methods for estimating these relationships, and the advantages and disadvantages of least squares estimation. Additionally, it touches on Bayesian linear regression and gradient descent optimization techniques.

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7 views40 pages

Machine Learning - Unit 2 - Notes

The document discusses supervised learning, focusing on regression analysis, including linear regression models and multiple regression. It explains the relationship between dependent and independent variables, methods for estimating these relationships, and the advantages and disadvantages of least squares estimation. Additionally, it touches on Bayesian linear regression and gradient descent optimization techniques.

Uploaded by

gowthamdkg25
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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ON\ T= IL 6 SUPERVISED LEARNING REGRESSION gresion find correlabima bebo eon Aopendent and indapeudenk Variables TP vho desired, Dotput consists of ene oF mow Conbinovs variable thon the tab ts Giled 0% vegovasion Reqwesion Bm aolp “predic Conbinows Vaviakle sedi 03 hmede pring, Woshak trends, Weather pattems Oo awd gee pricos eck + _» pam pots - pow 4 ns fp? 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Trowortmg a linear Pagyso2si00 moda] (s asoally truch faser fan wat fick Buch as vevral nebworks lingo “rargrossion- models ana Simple cue require wun, wevwony dbo beaplowent LenrstT Sevuae€ The Rod of tosh Sqvors vs abo aatirabin fovowaten by winimnlaing the Sqpared, Axserepametes belswesr, observed dala. tn che one ow) cad, Crpetted Vola on dhe othest The least Syase Criterion state tak the Lom of Savona Of enroe ts Minimum The — dmsk cquase — Solobicns Yields YOO howe Som to A bot do not ene outpoig to be in The Tews, Lo, (J Hew bo draw such a Jina based tm tho doka poinks obsomval 7 Suppase a ‘imaginasy dine of Ye arby . 5 Lmogina a verti) dlistanra ‘ho: ste an ade doba point E=Y-ECY) Tho emer to phe © doviakti® of He son oink Roe gta — wager] ee ae “e wrak is dha bose Vahes of, 6 ? h a 4b tak miniraae Som of S88 eryors' y 47 ' wy £1 sopzcotexX / 24 C re : Le | “ v t 1 v ’ x 0 ie a c Deoviakien dno hot drow. good properties Re ae Tow Woh do ud uo Sqworre of dovialton 9 lob & Ws gk ag b thob Gn minimize Bho Conn OF Sqeaved doiakions. “this webbnd le cellad least Squares - Least — Square mabhod Winimiza che sum gf Savors, of ores: Such @ a4 bare Called loat SQuax0 atimoaters: Ie a@timotos of Povouvalers d¢ B , The prowess of getting Porroumatey ostinnaders (7,046 'S (Mod ptiwoblon Least Sqame wetted ig dhe SHwabton wabhrod. of Orlenasy least Sqpares@ls) . Disadvantages of least Square , + Lock ‘robostness bo vubluers yp (oan datasoks Vnsvitabe fee least Square claseificabion . we 4 Deuision bandany dgrwveepon ds bo Machtne laownere Solo tinr MULTIPLE REGRESSION | phe — dinaon assoubbion pbebwan fpha predictors Ody osponses » pre dicts an be tonbinoous 07% categorical or * wixtwe of — both. Typ che mmuplbipla Yadeperdant varioblas —odfecl- the Yespowe Variable , then dro owalysis coll fora made different fem Mak used fix dhe Sindo Predicts Valuable Ln a sitovabion tyrom moro fan wwe ndepertont fachs# (Variable? Offecks tha crroms of a proms, oa vw Lbi ple Tearession model is used This is wofemad tp as wolbiple ttherr yeqrassion. model oF wwlbiveriate ask Sao fitting. Yoo Por Pray t Be aad #Br Zr Where € is dhe ¥ on - wen Bo. Teaysvas| Ow. 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Tt is cove afpicient Ro loge Aolesete oa . wont Aik acto Ee ; ne je The Combiroh mint batch grodienk Pesca! / of both berth qrediont dostant and goebestic Qrodionts dsuank T+ divide tha traiming cblasets Inte Simald batch aizes hon performs updates UNEAR CLASSIFICATION MODELS : A dosifebion algorrifim sheb wokus Tis cloasifiabern based ow Jinan! procdictet fvebi ow combing a . . feme Cece. of — waraibs with bho DT} dows classifiotior Yhe vale of © dtnaant Combinatl the nose? dloscifient wil marge into Aber daha a dactsisn ‘baxd on on of tha Chewaderisti Tmoairo drole iis. urate Pososlar closs Piscawuneti ve Gactions / Lineont Digextminowk Avolysis (LOAD Is po f the Com ved dimensionality rroctuebion Fechwcqyis Ue Modine Jaomrg bo Sine Mono ‘thou foo ~ oss dossification pootioms — T+ je Rrcwon ag Nosmal Diserwinant Aw ig CNDA) ov Ditedminamt Funch'c Avatusis( pen) hincay = Pisertminan ouelielt te ora of tre. wosk popellat irmarei ovely teducbiew technique used, for Sopanised classificabor poobLums to wechtne Veasening Tt is also emsidered, a Pre ~ prDcisting ote fos Wwode Wing Aff orn in ML Gwe Opphiabiem of ol the charsacterisha Wineant —‘Pisevimeinant eamodyais is used aa a bmons ovolity vedvebton dechwiqu. iv Wachina banning Psi Which we cam casi —bremsformn Q O-D oud 2-2 graph tno = ha demons onal, plowe Lob's — (pneidex O% example Where We howe two doses tn a o-p plane shan On X-axis OwA un yood ty obesity Thar efficiently » As ue hue Seon yn dhe above example jak LDA orable. vs bo détaw a Steotahts dina Polk cam Separate the hoo Classes of dake pein 7] Here LDA vseg ay ¥-y axie do cede A VW aris Separabing tom boiong a Cheaught uutne ond Projecting hia Opto G& No agg. “Hence ue Gain maximize tho Sepaxotion Dekwween +Rase. Cloases and Ydvce tha 2-D plane Into One dimensional. a pattern dassifebwn For of, Tf we howe boo clossos with wmatbiple faatums and weed dro Separcte bhem —afficiontly- When uo Closcihy fom using & Ging feature, Than tk way show overlapping Te mimimin to Variana Within th individwol clogs - Tn obhes words um can Say thak The ro cms Wit increase “tke Separokion Bohaaen TRe- Baka — Poins of hoo Classen and plot rom onto the haw axl - Logignic 26&RESSION | & hagistic Yeqression ie one of tha most popula Machime \sosnemg Olgoarthms. Which Coma ondor tha Svpewised \eariedeng techrtqye - ¥Ie ie wed fos prodicting The Coxegon ol dopendanE Vrawiabte using a oven Cee of Trdopendant VOrsiodes - BZ “herelye tha = ovtCome = wet be QO Carregonicol oF Akeavete Vale: TH con be crthor ‘Yes or Noy 0 O64, tne or fas oc}. bot InSead of giving tne del “Volo a9 o4 | tt Gives the Probabilidic Value Which lis behwen 04g 4 4 hogish® Yeqnoacion is used fot shoving the cloasiftcakion paoboms ye Tr dogiste —veguscion , inshead of faring o ‘poppin Ne, wa fk an “S Shaped Logistic Somerton, Which — predicls 80 Maximo Vole) * In Logistic x jon Ymatead of Fitfieg A varrasion fine, weft} ane shoped Logistic Lmckion = Wheoh prodick tivo doo: maximurn Valuos Co owd \) Tr ie a Signifient wodhine vamatna aigpnrthm because hak he any he pri prboitKe amd dossity now doka aang Continous and discrete dobosebs . Tt Cow be used to classity ‘fa cbse Using differ types of data aun comm weil doionmine the mask affective, Vorwabas sed fost shestiow the Conse > S-Cowe_ Y=o.9 LoGiene FONCTION ! ses The sigmoid Rurckion 64 hogistic. friction to wap dhe prodicked Values bo proba bibitien + Te fi tape %o) Vale tntp ansifay Vale within 9 Taliep. of Oord |. ¢Tle Valin of tho Logistic rassion most bo bobuwen Daw 4 Which commol: ge Bag this Lomit go tb forms a come Lito he 8 fon + The dependant: vanioble Slowd be Coresprio| th Wakone ee & Vowiabla hold pot have. Wo Ski —selinoeihy Logistic Rosroasion Equation | Yy = bot bixy + bom + bated + +byxXy In dagise * Pagrestion gy con be pebezen 0 ond \ So for this Jobe divide tia “abo. —anabion by Coy): Yo be yoo and Toki be a A , Bot ure vend Yomge abuso Cinfiridy to +Cinkincky] thon fae ogenithe of dhe aqwobion i voit become de <= 2 bet bax rbrart barge: by xy, jbry Type of logistic Foerassion Binomial : Tn We “rogsassion “how Gun bo boo possitia fypes of the clapondonk Vawabio Such as Cost pessoe fail ect. Mot¥inoméal * Ln thus Forprossion thow Com be 20% Possible Wwerstomed typos of tha capendoule Varela och ag “tole of “dog” or Yeap Ordinal : Wrore_ In whis vepoxcion ‘those can be 9 ox Wore ° ae Osdowed ‘ys oft dopondent Varabios Sud as lan” 7 @hediveo” os “hugh”. GENAaATIVE. HopeEL * # Crenewobve rodde ow a closs of. Crokisttel wodde thot qenaroe eis: Gov Trstonws - % Those weoddlg owe ad iy Unsoponiser, soo = Vio_ ~ "8 AP perform fosks such oa pean on Atbelico eatwakion, wwodallina dodke Poin and oe d bebwean clases ogi those Probabilities » OG ¥ Clenerebive . on the Dheorem % Glenerabive ywodd ‘dacribe noo daba ig [Link] vain taki, / Thay poecbict PCy), the procabitty of 4 ize, Cahcrtaking “tha ply), the probabibily of x anc y NAVIE Bayes CLASSIFIER: oe Nowie Bayes olgostinm ig a Sipattesl lamin algnitw tomich Is based en" Paps The ora avd veed fow Sobving Cloasiftcobion porblorns * c+ is vray used 1 fext Closeiftiohos thar i dodss btgh dymarsiona | patmnnng doknacl:: potty The fos i “ te thob Con rmachine tannin, adaprittares oF mood Yrake, qvick —psedhict ons #U4 tsa sictic clascites Which moans Ve preckicls on “The basis of the prcbchilily wy of om objed - ¥ Some Populas excumplos of Waive RB: Alaostim Qe Spawn fitakin , Sentiwental Analyse, ow Cossifyirg articles. FT Ie called Naive Beerwse of y assures trot The coeur of a Griatr Feahmo is indapewdour of The Ocwrento gf other features Such as if the. fost je idantifiel on tha bases of adles, Shape aud ‘taste, thon Yed , Spherical and Suseer itt ig Wetoqnine} AS an apple. ye tere each Raha sisi Contabotes, Ao identhy flo’ if isan apple withavt cloperchinng ‘on each offer. Ba yes The orem: . T+ le aleo kwon As Rayos Pole. oo 6B (aw Which if vged fo dolesmi'mo the Pooberbidchy of 4, hjpotaals WIth poor prowl - T+ dopends on The Covel oro poobab) Li yy . The forma — for Rowyes Theanem is given a PCAIB) = pCBla) pA) P(e) Where PCa? is O posterior poobabilihy, probabuty of hy potfasis A om cbhe observed ownt B ptele) 2s a Jtbelihood prbobilehy, probabilily of tha viderce given. thas the prcbobiaihy of the Wayysthasis is fwe pCais a — Pair pabobihy , pabobillly of 2 ovidanta - sec a a P(® is vosqen gabe Cvidance + ora minahve. al betoecon genomtive- avd Hes Disesimuvokive wrode | Creverobwe wmode} | Et sot, word | This dutserami nate bobuan oki fPewonts faved of Bota [nko Jo = odsal Gronoro Bie paso or coo ond ‘The Axgratoorior °. a dousiget To 2h © grinbily based or Lordittsnall for A Qiven examype pooeabllity and is etthor 9 wed for dossiiedion be Tespossion x Gienorabie yodol Captyna dhe otnk probebilits PCr, Y) oF yur ple) \t Vow are ao 3 XA robwae. wadal incbodos, ste, atshdbotin of “The doka ede , amd fells gor hosw bal & Given examepa Is -t Genesosive oda aro use Ur wsopeniised machine learning to postu task Sah as paosbitiry a ipdihosd | Ostiwetion . # Devienlvos he vodals Qghwo dhe cordiheval probability ayle) xh diciimivotve wed! darones the qwastie of Uhabher a giver instance is SC aol and Jet tae you how Label a Jobe is opty to the instane . * This modal qornialy used fos Soperiiteel ¥ Eq: Givssains, Nowe Boyes 9: logistic 5 SoppokT Bue VECTOR MaActiNeE : a Soppost QA Ske Of — Sopemigac| Jcawaime, webfieds Ld) iron flr da datas amd tked foo Clase ceion * NM classifies dasved| form hatte) looaning ‘Tecoy by Vaprdk and Chorvononki's - Vootss Machivas Carma one is O Swap Spealainnes we Coun ink, of an Sum Model Os ‘Bepoacentine ‘ro Crops as points ip Space Wapred so tol arch Of erampss of qo Separate. 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