IELTS WRITING

TASK 1
GRAPH WITH A TREND

Line Graph · Bar Chart · Pie Chart · Table — 2 năm trở lên

Tài liệu học IELTS Writing Task 1 — Lesson 1

📌 Ghi chú quan trọng

⚠️Chú ý: Áp dụng cho MỌI bài có 2 năm trở lên. Dù là line graph, pie chart, table, hay
bar chart — CỨ CÓ 2 NĂM thì viết và phân tích như line graph.

Đề bài mẫu: The graph below shows the unemployment rates in the UK, the rest of Europe
and Japan from 1993 to 2007.

📋 Cấu trúc bài viết

Phần Nội dung
Introduction Paraphrase đề bài: topic + where + when
Overview Xu hướng chung · Cao/thấp nhất · Biến động mạnh nhất
Body 1 Nhóm đường/cột LỚN — phân tích chi tiết
Body 2 Nhóm đường/cột NHỎ — phân tích ngắn gọn
PHẦN 1 — Introduction
Template
The graph depicts / illustrates + [topic] + [where] + [when]

Cách viết WHEN (thời gian)

1. over a period of (15) years from A to B
2. during the (15)-year period spanning from A to B
3. over a (15)-year timeframe starting from A until B

Ví dụ hoàn chỉnh
📝 Example: The graph depicts the changes in unemployment rates in the UK, the rest
of Europe, and Japan during the 15-year period spanning from 1993 to 2007.

⚠️Chú ý: Với bài có phần trăm, WHAT có thể viết thêm: 'the distribution of...'

PHẦN 2 — Overview
3 điều PHẢI nhận xét
• Xu hướng tăng/giảm chung của từng đường
• Đường nào cao nhất / thấp nhất
• Đường nào có biến động mạnh nhất

Các cấu trúc câu trong Overview

Tình huống Cấu trúc
Mở đầu tổng quát Overall, it is apparent / noticeable / evident that ...
A, B tăng; C, D giảm A and B exhibit an increase in [topic] throughout the years, while
C and D experience an opposite trend.
Tất cả đều tăng/giảm There be a declining / increasing trend in [topic] throughout the
years.
A dẫn đầu, D thấp nhất cả kỳ A maintain the dominant position over the years, whereas D
consistently record the lowest level of [topic].
A dẫn đầu đầu kỳ, C vượt qua A initially maintain the leading position, but C overtake it towards
sau the end of the period.
D biến động mạnh nhất D experience the most remarkable change.
Ví dụ (bài unemployment)
📝 Example: Overall, it is apparent that the UK exhibited a downward trend in its
unemployment rate throughout the years. In contrast, both the rest of Europe and Japan
experienced fluctuations. The rest of Europe maintained a dominant position for most of
the period, whereas Japan consistently recorded the lowest level of unemployment.

PHẦN 3 — Body Paragraphs

Body 1 = nhóm lớn (đường cao) — phân tích đầy đủ ĐẦU – ĐỈNH – ĐÁY – ĐUÔI Body
2 = nhóm nhỏ (đường thấp) — phân tích ngắn hơn

3.1 Thứ tự miêu tả: Lớn → Nhỏ

Vị trí Cấu trúc
Cao nhất (A) A have the highest rate, with N + Ving A emerged as the leading
country / A recorded the highest figure
Cao nhì (B) B secured the second position / came in second / ranked second,
with ...
Thấp nhất (C) C maintained / recorded the lowest level of [topic] over the period

📝 Example: In 1993, the UK had the highest rate, with around 11% of its workforce
being jobless.

3.2 Miêu tả xu hướng ĐỐI LẬP (trước tăng, sau giảm)

Cấu trúc Ví dụ
Having + Past Participle, ... Having increased to just under 12% in 1997, it then underwent a
significant decline.
Despite + Noun/Gerund, ... Despite an increase to just under 12% in 1997, it then underwent
a significant decline.

3.3 Nối 2 xu hướng tiếp nối nhau

Cấu trúc Ví dụ
..., before + Ving The rate reached a peak of 6% in 2003, before decreasing to 4%
in 2007.
..., after which + clause The rate reached a peak of 6% in 2003, after which it decreased
 to 4% in 2007.
..., followed by + noun phrase The rate reached a peak of 6% in 2003, followed by a decrease
to 4% in 2007.
..., which + relative clause The rate witnessed the most remarkable decline, which fell from
6% in 2003 to 4% in 2007.

PHẦN 4 — Từ vựng (Lexical Resources)

Bảng 1 — Miêu tả sự thay đổi
Nghĩa Từ vựng & cụm từ
Tăng rise · climb · increase · grow · recover witness / exhibit /
experience an upward trajectory / trend / pattern
Tăng mạnh surge · soar · jump
Giảm fall · drop · decline · decrease witness / exhibit / experience a
downward trajectory / trend / pattern
Giảm mạnh plummet · plunge
Ổn định maintain a steady level · stay consistent · show little variation ·
experience stability
Dao động fluctuate · show fluctuations
Chạm đỉnh reach a peak of · attain the highest point of · peak at (verb)
Chạm đáy hit a bottom of · bottom at · reach the lowest point · plummet to
the lowest point

Bảng 2 — Mức độ biến động

Mức độ Từ đồng nghĩa
Mạnh (significant) substantial · considerable · marked · dramatic · remarkable
Nhẹ (slight) modest · marginal · slow · gradual · negligible

Bảng 3 — Kết hợp động từ + trạng từ / danh từ

Dạng Cấu trúc
Động từ + trạng từ increase significantly · drop negligibly · surge dramatically
There be + a/an + adj + noun + There was a significant increase in the number of students.
in ...
Experience / witness + a/an + The number of students experienced a negligible drop.
adj + noun
Bảng 4 — Cấu trúc gấp mấy lần
Tình huống Cấu trúc & ví dụ
A gấp đôi B S1 + V1 + twice as much/many as + S2 → The number of cars
sold in 2020 was twice as high as in 2019.
A gấp nhiều lần B S1 + V1 + three times as much as + S2 → Australia's population
increased three times as much as England's.
A tự tăng gấp mấy lần S + experience a threefold / fourfold increase → The city's
population experienced a threefold increase throughout.

PHẦN 5 — Cụm từ hữu ích

Tình huống Cụm từ
Vượt qua B overtake / surpass A (past: overtook)
Xu hướng đối lập B witness an opposite / reverse / contrasting trend, starting with +
data
Thay cho 'in + năm cuối' by the end of the period · at the end of the period
Nhận xét sau vế trước (Ving) It underwent a sharp fall, plunging to around 5% in 2001.

PHẦN 6 — Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh

Topic: The graph below shows the unemployment rates in the UK, the rest of Europe
and Japan from 1993 to 2007.

Introduction

The graph depicts the changes in unemployment rates in the UK, the rest of Europe,
and Japan during the 15-year period spanning from 1993 to 2007.

Overview

Overall, it is apparent that the UK exhibited a downward trend in its unemployment rate
throughout the years. In contrast, both the rest of Europe and Japan experienced
fluctuations. The rest of Europe maintained a dominant position for most of the period,
whereas Japan consistently recorded the lowest level of unemployment.

Body 1
 In 1993, the UK had the highest rate, with around 11% of its workforce being jobless.
However, it underwent a sharp fall, plunging to around 5% in 2001, and remained stable
at this level, with a slight increase to 6% by the end of the period. The rest of Europe
witnessed an opposite trend, starting at around 9% in 1993 and overtaking the UK in
1994. Having reached a peak of just under 12% in 1997, the level of unemployment then
underwent a significant decline, dropping to just under 8% at the end of the period.

Body 2

Japan maintained the lowest level of unemployment over the period. Beginning with a
mere 2% in 1993, the rate gradually increased, surpassing that of the UK in 2001. This
upward trend continued, reaching a peak of 6% in 2003, before decreasing to 4% in
2007.

PHẦN 7 — Luyện tập

Bài tập: Nâng câu từ Band 5 lên Band 7–8
Viết lại các câu đơn sau thành câu phức có ít nhất 2 mệnh đề bằng cách dùng cấu trúc
gợi ý.

Câu 1 — Nối bằng 'with'

Câu gốc (Band 5) Câu cần nâng cấp (Band 7–8+)
In 1993, the UK had the ➜ Dùng cấu trúc: S + V + the highest rate, with N + Ving Gợi ý:
highest rate. The UK had In 1993, the UK had the highest rate, with around 11% of its
around 11% of its workforce workforce being jobless.
being jobless.

Câu 2 — Nối bằng '-ing' (Ving)

Câu gốc (Band 5) Câu cần nâng cấp (Band 7–8+)
However, it underwent a sharp ➜ Dùng Ving để rút gọn mệnh đề cùng chủ ngữ Gợi ý: However,
fall. It plunged to around 5% in it underwent a sharp fall, plunging to around 5% in 2001, and
2001, and remained stable at remained stable at this level, with a slight increase to 6% by the
this level. It increased slightly end of the period.
to 6% by the end the period.

Câu 3 — Nối bằng '-ing' (Ving)

Câu gốc (Band 5) Câu cần nâng cấp (Band 7–8+)
The rest of Europe witnessed ➜ Dùng Ving: S + V + an opposite trend, starting with + data Gợi
an opposite trend. It started at ý: The rest of Europe witnessed an opposite trend, starting at
around 9% in 1993 and around 9% in 1993 and overtaking the UK in 1994.
overtook the UK in 1994.
— End of Lesson 1 —