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Mobile Computing Unit 1 Notes

The document provides an overview of wireless communication fundamentals, including digital communication processes, wireless communication systems, and their limitations. It discusses various types of wireless media, frequency spectrum, major technologies in digital wireless communication, and the specifications of wireless channels. Additionally, it outlines different types of wireless networks and the functions of wireless switching technology.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views6 pages

Mobile Computing Unit 1 Notes

The document provides an overview of wireless communication fundamentals, including digital communication processes, wireless communication systems, and their limitations. It discusses various types of wireless media, frequency spectrum, major technologies in digital wireless communication, and the specifications of wireless channels. Additionally, it outlines different types of wireless networks and the functions of wireless switching technology.

Uploaded by

ashwini
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT – I

Fundamentals of Wireless and Basics of Wireless Network

1. Digital Communication

Definition

Digital communication is the process of transmitting information in the form of binary data
(0s and 1s) from a sender to a receiver.

Basic Block Diagram of Digital Communication

Source → Encoder → Modulator → Channel → Demodulator → Decoder → Destination

Explanation

 Source: Generates data (voice, text, video)


 Encoder: Converts data into digital format
 Modulator: Converts digital data into signals
 Channel: Medium used to transmit data
 Demodulator: Extracts digital data
 Decoder: Converts data to original form
 Destination: End user

Advantages

 High noise immunity


 Easy encryption
 Better quality over long distance

2. Wireless Communication System and Limitations


Wireless Communication

Wireless communication transfers information without physical cables, using radio waves,
microwaves, or infrared waves.

Basic Wireless Communication System

Transmitter → Antenna ))))) Air Channel ((((( Antenna → Receiver

Limitations

 Limited bandwidth
 Signal interference
 Security threats
 Power constraints
 Signal attenuation

3. Wireless Media

Wireless media are unguided transmission media.

Types of Wireless Media

1. Radio Waves
o Long distance
o Used in mobile phones, FM radio
2. Microwaves
o Line-of-sight transmission
o Used in satellite and cellular communication
3. Infrared
o Short range
o Used in remote controls

Diagram: Wireless Media


Radio Waves ~~~~~~

Microwaves >>>>>>

Infrared ------

4. Frequency Spectrum

Definition

Frequency spectrum refers to the range of frequencies used for wireless communication.

Electromagnetic Spectrum Diagram

Low Frequency High Frequency

---------------------------------------------------------

Radio → Microwave → Infrared → Visible → UV → X-ray

Important Points

 Measured in Hertz (Hz)


 Licensed and unlicensed bands
 Limited and shared resource

5. Technologies in Digital Wireless Communication

Major Technologies

 GSM – Global System for Mobile Communication


 CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
 TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access
 FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
Access Techniques Diagram

FDMA: |F1|F2|F3|

TDMA: |T1|T2|T3|

CDMA: Same freq + different codes

6. Wireless Communication Channel Specification

Wireless Channel

A wireless channel is the path through which signals travel from transmitter to receiver.

Channel Characteristics

 Noise
 Fading
 Interference
 Path loss

Multipath Fading Diagram

Transmitter → ↗ ↘ → Receiver

↘↗

7. Wireless Network

Definition

A wireless network connects devices without cables using wireless technologies.

Types of Wireless Networks


 WPAN – Bluetooth
 WLAN – Wi-Fi
 WMAN – WiMAX
 WWAN – Cellular networks

Wireless Network Diagram

Mobile ----\

Laptop ----- Access Point ---- Internet

Tablet ----/

8. Wireless Switching Technology

Definition

Wireless switching technology manages call routing, mobility, and handover in mobile
networks.

Functions

 Call setup and release


 Mobility management
 Handover control

Switching Diagram

Mobile A → Base Station → Mobile Switching Center → Base Station → Mobile B

9. Wireless Communication (Overview)

Key Features
 Mobility
 Flexibility
 Scalability
 Supports voice, data, and video

Applications

 Mobile phones
 Wireless internet
 IoT devices
 Satellite communication

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