direct proportion (2)

example

y is directly proportional to x. a) y ∝ x, so y = kx 1
b) Subs. y = 45 into y = 3
x
When x is 24, y is 8.
a) Write an equation y = 8 when x = 24 45 =
1
x
3
connecting x and y. 8 = k × 24
1
135 = x
b) Work out the value of = k
3
x when y is 45
1
x = 135
The equation is y = 3
x

exercise 10g

1. d is directly proportional to y 2. y is directly proportional to x

When d = 36, y = 4 When y = 12, x = 1.2
a) Write an equation connecting a) Write an equation connecting
d and y y and x
b) Work out d when y = 6 b) Work out y when x = 5
c) Work out y when d = 81 c) Work out x when y = 400

3. p is directly proportional to f 4. a is directly proportional to b

When p = 3, f = 15 When a = 4, b = 24
a) Write an equation connecting a) Write an equation connecting
p and f a and b
b) Work out p when f = 25 b) Work out a when b = 21
c) Work out f when p = 8 c) Work out b when a = 9

5. x∝y 6. x∝y
When x = 14, y = 10 When x = 8.2, y = 2.5
Work out x when y = 4.8 Work out x when y = 1.5

7. x∝y 8. x∝y
When x = 1.4, y = 2 When x = 12.6, y = 3
Work out x when y = 4.6 Work out y when x = 3.57

9. x∝y 10. x ∝ y
When x = 13.6, y = 42.5 When x = 5.4, y = 15
Work out y when x = 2.6 Work out y when x = 18

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 11. John's weekly wage, w, is directly proportional to the number of hours, h, he has worked
in that week. One week, John works 9 hours and earns £58.50.
a) Work out a formula for w in terms of h
b) How much would John earn if he worked 15 hours?
c) How many hours would John need to work to earn £130?

12. Fabric is sold from a roll. Customers can specify the length of fabric they would like to
have cut from the roll. The cost of the fabric, C, is directly proportional to the length of
the fabric, x metres
Rachel buys 1.5m of fabric for £2.70
a) Work out a formula for C in terms of x
b) How much would it cost to buy 2.5m of fabric?
c) What length of fabric could be bought for £6?

13. x ∝ y
When x = 2, y = 5
Which of the following graphs shows the relationship between x and y?
A y B y C y D y

5 5 2 5

x x x x
2 2 5 2

14. x ∝ y
When x = 5, y = 6
Which of the following graphs shows the relationship between x and y?
A y B C y D y
y

15 18 8
6

x x x x
12 5 15 5
15. x ∝ y
Use the table of values to decide whether each statement is true or false:

x 2 3 q
y 5 p r

a) 2y = 5x b) q = 2.5 c) q = r d) 3 : p = 2 : 5
r 3 p

Page 15 10H10 Ratio & Proportion [Link]

 direct proportion involving squares, cubes and roots

learn by heart

y is directly proportional y is directly proportional y is directly proportional

to the square of x to the cube of x to the square root of x
y ∝ x2 y ∝ x3 y∝ x
y = kx 2 y = kx 3 y = k x

examples

y is directly proportional to the cube of x y is directly proportional to the square root of x

When x = 4.5, y = 72.9 When x = 46.24, y = 23.8
Work out y when x = 3.5 Work out y when x = 88.36
y ∝ x3 y = 0.8x2 y∝ x y = 3.5 x
y = kx 3
Subs. x = 3.5 y = k x Subs. x = 88.36
72.9 = k × 4.53 y = 0.8 × 3.53 23.8 = k × 46.24 y = 3.5 × 88.36
k = 0.8 y = 34.3 k = 3.5 y = 32.9

exercise 10h

1. y is directly proportional 2. y is directly proportional

to the square of x to the cube root of x
When x = 2.3, y = 9.522 When x = 166.375, y = 22
Work out y when x = 3.5 Work out y when x = 15.625

3. y is directly proportional 4. y is directly proportional

to the cube of x to the square of x
When x = 4.2, y = 185.22 When x = 3.2, y = 8.192
Work out y when x = 1.9 Work out y when x = 8.1

5. y is directly proportional 6. y is directly proportional

to the square root of x to x cubed.
When x = 9, y = 18 When x = 0.7, y = 2.744
Work out x when y = 30 Work out x when y = 64

7. y is directly proportional 8. y ∝ x2
to the cube root of x
When x = 0.9 , y = 1.701
When x = 0.125, y = 4
Work out x when y = 12.096
Work out x when y = 2.4

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 9. For each proportional relationship, work out the missing values in the table:
a) y ∝ x 3 b) y ∝ x 2

x 0 1 2 x 1 2 10

y 24 648 y 6 13.5

c) y ∝ x d) y ∝ x 3

x 0 1 4 9 x 2 3 6
250
y 15 y 18 3

10. The mass of dough required to make a pizza is directly proportional to the square of
the diameter of the pizza.
A pizza with a diameter of 10 inches requires 500g of dough.
a) Work out a formula for m, the mass of dough required to make a pizza, in terms of d,
the diameter of the pizza.
b) Work out how much dough is required for a 12 inch pizza.

c) Amy has 320 grams of dough, what size should the diameter of her pizza be?

11. A stone is dropped from a hot air balloon. The distance travelled by the stone is
proportional to the square of the time it has been falling.
After 2 seconds, the stone has fallen 19.6 metres.

a) Work out a formula for d, the distance travelled by the stone in terms of time, t.

b) Work out how far the stone will have fallen after 4 seconds.

c) How long will it take the stone to fall a total of 100m?

Give your answer correct to the nearest tenth of a second.

12. David makes ceramic pots in different sizes.

The pots are all mathematically similar.
The capacity of each pot is directly proportional to the cube of its height.
A pot with height of 20cm has a capacity of 400ml.
a) Work out a formula for the capacity of a pot, c, in terms of its height, h.
b) Work out the capacity, in litres, of a pot with height 30cm
c) Work out the height of a pot with capacity 878.8ml

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