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MATHEMATICS –III (Probability & Statistics)

Course Coordinator: Dr. G.K. Prajapati
Course Code: 102303(ME)/101302(CE) L:T:P: 3:1:0
Assignment- 06
Topic Covered: Continuous Probability Distribution, Normal, Exponential and
Gamma Distributions

Due date: 11.04.26

Objective Type Questions:

Question 1: (A) Suppose f(x) be a PDF of the form f(x) = k ⅇ(−|x−a|/2) , -∞ < x < ∞
then the value of k is:
a) 1/2 b) 1/4 c) 2 d) 4
(B) A point X is chosen at random from the interval [0,1] with the PDF
1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
𝑓 (𝑥) = {
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
The probability that the first decimal digit of X will be 3 is:
a) 1/5 b) 3/10 c) 1/10 d) 3/5
(C) For continuous random variable X, which one is true:
∞ ∞ ∞
a) ∫0 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =1 b∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =1 c) ∫1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =1 d)
0
∫−∞ 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =1

(D) A continuous random variable has PDF

k x ⅇ(−𝝀𝝒) , x > 0, λ > 0

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = {
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Then value of k is:
a) λ b) - λ c) λ² d) -λ²
(E) A continuous random variable has PDF
(−𝝀𝝒)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = {k x ⅇ , x > 0, λ > 0
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Then mean equal to:
a) 1/λ b) 2/λ c) 3/λ d) 4/λ
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(F) A continuous random variable has PDF

(−𝝀𝝒)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = {k x ⅇ , x > 0, λ > 0
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Then variance equal to:
a) 1/λ2 b) 2/λ2 c) 3/λ2 d) 4/λ2
(G) The life in hours of a certain kind of radio tube has the probability function
2
𝑓(𝑥) = {100/x , 𝑥 ≥ 100
0, 𝑥 < 100
The probability that the life of tube is 150 hours is
a) 1/4 b) 𝑛 = 1/3 c) 1/2 d) 1
(H) A function f(x) is defined as ,
1 (−x)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = { a ⅇ
a , 𝑥≥0
0 , 𝑥<0
The distribution function F(x) is :
x x x x
a) 1 − ⅇ(−a) b) 1 + ⅇ(−a) c) 1 + ⅇ(a) d) 1 − ⅇ(a)
(I) A random variable gives measurement of x between 0 and 1 with PDF
12𝑥 3 − 21𝑥 2 + 10 x, 0≤x≤1
𝑓 (𝑥) = {
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
1
Find P (X≤ 2 )

a) 0.20 b) 0.30 c) 0.46 d) 0.56

(J) A continuous random variable X has PDF
x+1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 , −1<x<1
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Find the standard deviation of X:

a) 2/3 b)√2/3 c) 2/√3 d) √2/3

(K) The moment generating function of a gamma distribution is (1 − 2𝑡)−3 . Then its mean
is : [BEU EEE-IV, 2025]
a) 12 b)6 c) 1/12 d) 1/6
(L) For a standard normal distribution : [BEU EEE-IV, 2025]
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a) μ = 0 b)𝛔 = 𝟏 c) μ = 0 𝑜𝑟 σ = 1 d) μ = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 σ = 1
(M) The sum of n independent exponential random variables follow : [BEU EEE-IV, 2025]
a) Exponential Distribution b) Gamma Distribution
c) Normal Distribution d) Uniform Distribution
(N) Consider the normal random variable X with mean μ=200 and standard deviation σ=25.
Which of the following statement is always true ? [BEU CSE-II(OLD), 2025]
a) P(X<200) is less than P(X>200) b) P(X=200) equals 0
c) P(X<200) is greater than P(X>200) d) P(X=200) equals 0.5
(O) The variance of an exponential distribution with parameter 𝑙 is: [BEU CSE-II(OLD), 2025]
a) 𝑙 b) 𝑙 2 c) 1/𝑙 d) 1/𝑙 2
(P) Mean of the unform distribution with parameter a and b is: [BEU CSE-II, 2024]
𝒂+𝒃 𝒃−𝒂
a) 𝑏 − 𝑎 b) c) 𝑏 + 𝑎 d)
𝟐 𝟐

(Q) A continuous random variable is described using : [BEU EEE-IV, 2024]

a) Probability mass function (PMF) b) Cumulative distribution function (CDF)
c) Probability density function (PDF) d) Both (ii) and (iii)
(R) The variance of a continuous random variable X with mean E[X] is : [BEU EEE-IV, 2024]
a) E[X] b) 𝐸 [𝑋 2 ] c) 𝐸 [𝑋 2 ] − (𝐸 [𝑋])2 d)[𝐸 (𝑋 2 ) − 𝐸 (𝑋)]2
(S) The total area under the normal curve above the x-axis is : [BEU CE+ME-III, 2023]
a) 0.5 b) 𝟏 c) 2 d) 1.5
(T) If z is a standard normal random variable, what is P(z<0.275) ? [BEU EEE-IV, 2023]
a) 0.5 b) 𝟏 c) 2 d) 1.5
(U) Consider the normal random variable X with mean μ = 200 and standard deviation σ = 25.
Which of the following statement is always true. [BEU CSE-II, 2023]
a) P(X < 200 ) is less than P(X > 200) b) P(X < 200 ) is greater than P(X > 200)
c) P(X = 200 ) equals 0 d) P(X = 200 ) equals 0.5

Short Answer Type Questions:

Questions 2: Define the Normal distribution. [BEU CE+ME-III, 2023]
Questions 3: Define the Exponential distribution. [BEU EEE-IV, 2024]
Questions 4: Define the Gamma distribution.
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Long Answer Type Questions:

Questions 5: If the probability density function
𝑘𝑥 3 , 0≤𝑥≤3
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Find the value of k . Also find the probability between x=1 to x=3.

Questions 6: Is the function defined by

0, x<2
3+2x
f(x) = { , 2≤𝑥≤4
18
0 x>4

a probability density function ? Find the probability that a variate having F(x) as density function
will fall in the interval 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3.

Questions 7: If X is a continuous random variable and k is constant then prove that

(i) V(x+k)=V(x)
(ii) V(kx)=𝑘 2 𝑉(x)
Questions 8: Let F(x) be the distribution function of a random variable is given by
𝑐𝑥 3 , 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
F(x) = { 1 𝑖𝑓 x > 3
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
If P(x=3)=0, Determine (i) C (ii) Mean (iii) P(x > 1)
Questions 9: Find the value of k and the probability that a random variable will take on values for
𝑘(1 − 𝑥)2 , 0≤𝑥≤1
𝑓 (𝑥) = {
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(i) Between 0.1 and 0.2 (ii) Greater than 0.5 (iii) Mean (iv) Variance

Questions 10: Find the mean of Normal Distribution. [BEU CSE-II-2023,EEE-IV, 2025]

Questions 11: Suppose that a random variable X is distributed as exponential distribution with
parameter λ. Show that P(X≤ 10) = P(X ≤ 17|x > 7). [BEU EEE-IV, CSE-II(OLD) 2025]

Questions 12: Find the Moment generating function of the Gamma distribution
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f(x) =⎾1/4 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 −3/4 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 at the origin. [BEU EEE-IV, 2025]
Questions 13: The daily consumption of milk in a city, in excess of 20000 gallons, is
1
approximately distributed as a Gamma variate with the parameters v=2, λ= . The city has a
10000
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daily stock of 30000 gallons. What is the probability that the stock is insufficient on a particular
day ? [BEU CSE-II(OLD), 2025]

Questions 14: The density function f of a random variable X is given by

𝑘𝑥 2 , −1≤𝑥≤1
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(i) What is the value of k ? What is the distribution function of X ?
(ii) Obtain the density function of the random variable Y=X^2
(iii) Obtain the correlation coefficient between X and Y
(iv) Are X and Y independently distributed ? [BEU CSE-II(OLD), 2025]

Questions 15: Find the coefficients of (a) Skewness , (b) Kurtosis of the distribution defined by
the normal curve, having density
𝟏 𝟐 /𝟐
𝒇(𝒙) = ⅇ−𝒙 , -∞ < 𝒙 < ∞ [BEU CSE-II(OLD), 2025]
√𝟐𝝅

Questions 16: A continuous random variable x is distributed over the interval [0,2] with p.d.f.
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑡. If the mean of the distribution is ½ . Find the
values of the constant a and b. [BEU CE+ME-VIII, 2025 (S)]
Questions 17: If
−𝒙𝟐
𝑝(𝑥 ) = { xⅇ , 𝑥≥0
0 , 𝑥<0
(a) Show that p(x) is p.d.f. of a continuous random variable X.
(b) Find the distribution function function P(x) [BEU CSE-II, 2024]

Questions18: A continuous random variable X has pdf

𝟐 −𝒙
𝑓(𝑥 ) = {k𝒙 ⅇ , 𝑥≥0
0 , 𝑥<0

Find mean and variance. [BEU CSE-II, 2024]

Questions 19: The probability density function of a random variable X is 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 −
2) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2. [BEU CSE-II, 2024]

Determine (i) The value of the constant (ii) The distribution function F(x).

Questions 20: Find the first four moments (i) about the origin (ii) about the mean for a random
variable X having the density function : [BEU CSE-II, 2024]

4x(9 − x2 )
𝑓(𝑥) = { , 0≤𝑥≤3
81
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
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Questions 21: X is normal variate with mean 30 and D.D. 5. Find the probability that
(i) 26 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 40 (ii) 𝑋 ≥ 45 (iii) |x-30|>5 [BEU CSE-II, 2024]
z = 0.8 area covered 0.4772, z = 1 area covered 0.3413
Given that {
z = 3 area covered 0.49865 , z = 5 area covered 0.6826
Questions 22: If weekly wages of 10000 workers in a factory follows normal distribution with
mean Rs.70 and S.D. Rs. 5 respectively, Find the expected no. of workers whose weekly wages
are (i) between Rs. 66 and Rs. 72 (ii) less than Rs. 66 (iii) more than Rs. 72.
1 𝑧 2 /2
(Given that ∫ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 0.1554 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0.2881 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑠 𝑧 = 0.4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 0.8)
√ 2𝜋 0

[BEU CSE-II, 2024]

Questions 23: The diameter X of an electric cable is assumed to be continuous random variable
with probability density function 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥(𝑥 − 1) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1. [BEU EC-II, 2024]

(i) Check that above is probability density function (ii) Compute 𝑃(0.5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.75).

Questions 24: In a normal distribution 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% are over 64. Find
the mean and variance of the distribution. [ Given that f(1.4)=0.42, f(0.5)=0.19].
[BEU EC-IV, EEE-IV, 2024]
Questions 25: The length of a telephonic conversation is an exponential variate with mean 3
minutes. Find the probability that call (a) end less than 3 minutes (b) takes between 3 to 5
minutes. [BEU EC-II, 2024]
Questions 26: Let X is random variable with probability density function
𝑎𝑥, 0≤𝑥≤1
f(x) = { a 1≤𝑥≤2
−𝑎𝑥 + 3𝑎 2≤𝑥≤3

(i) Find the value of ‘a’ (ii) compute P(x≤ 1.5) [BEU EEE-IV, 2024]
Questions 27: Define Exponential distribution and find the mean and variance.
[BEU EEE-IV, 2024]
Questions 28:A sales tax officer has reported that the average sale of the 500 businesses that he
has to deal with during a year is Rs. 36000 with a standard deviation of Rs. 10000. Assuming
that the sale in these businesses are normally distributed, find: [BEU EEE-IV, 2023]
(i) The number of businesses the sale of which are greater than Rs. 40000.
(ii) The percentage of businesses the sale of which are likely to range between Rs. 30000
and Rs. 40000.
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Questions 29: If the time in minutes for the service of a random customer to come completion
follows exponential distribution with expected time 5 minutes. Find the probability that for the
service of a given customer is complete after 2 minutes. [BEU EEE-IV, 2023]
Questions 30: Consider the random variables 𝑌1 , 𝑌2 , … , 𝑌𝑛 which are exponentially distributed
with rate parameter λ > 0. Each variable 𝑌𝑖 has the probability density function
𝒑(𝒚) = 𝛌 ⅇ−𝛌𝒚 , (𝒚 ≥ 0).
Show that exponential distribution is a special case of the Gamma distribution. [BEU EEE-IV, 2023]
Questions 31: Suppose that the laps time between two successive accidents in a paper mill is
exponentially distributed with a mean of 15 days. Find the probability that the time between two
successive accidents at that mill is more than 20 days. [BEU CSE-II, 2023]
Questions 32: A continuous random variable has probability function as .[BEU CSE-II, 2023]
3𝑥 2 , 0<𝑥<1
𝑓 (𝑥) = {
0 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(a) Check whether this is a probability density function
(b) Find the mean of X
(c) Find the variance of X
(d) Find a and b such that 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑎) = 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑎) and 𝑃(𝑋 > 𝑏) = 0.05
(e) Find 𝑃(0.2 < 𝑥 < 0.5)
(f) Find P(x < 0.3)
𝑥>0.75
(g) Find 𝑃 ( )
𝑥>0.50
Questions 33: A random variable X has the density function

𝑐 𝑥2 , 1≤ x ≤ 2
(h) f(x) = {𝑐 𝑥 , 2 < x < 3
0 otherwise
(i) Find:
(j) (i) The constant c (ii) P(1 < X < 2) (iii) P(X ≥ 3)
(k) (iv) P(X < 1) (v) E(2X) (vi) Var(X − 3) (vii) E(2X +
4)

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