Review Module – Physics

KINEMATICS IN ONE AND TWO DIMENSIONS CURVILINEAR MOTION

If acceleration is constant,
1 Tangential Acceleration, at
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑜2 + 2𝑎𝑠 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡
2 at = same as rectilinear motion
If acceleration is varying,
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑣
𝑣= 𝑎= 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎 𝑑𝑠 Normal Acceleration, an
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑣2
𝑎𝑛 =
𝑟
1. A person jogs 8 complete laps around a quarter-mile track in a
total of 12.5 min. Calculate the average speed and the average
velocity in m/s. Hint: 1 mile = 1609 m
SITUATION. A motorist is traveling on a curved section of highway of
radius 750 m at the speed of 30 m/s. The motorist suddenly applies
2. To design a runway of an airport, the Mega Engineers are to
the brakes, causing his vehicle to slow down at a constant rate. After
consider the following parameters:
8 seconds, the speed has been reduced to 20 m/s.
• The minimum acceleration of any airplane is 3.5 m/s2
• The takeoff speed for the airplanes must be at least 300 kph 11. Determine the tangential acceleration.
What is the minimum runway length required for an airplane to 12. Determine the normal acceleration at t = 8 s.
take off safely? 13. Determine the acceleration immediately after the brakes have
been applied.
SITUATION. A stone is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 12
m/s from the edge of a cliff 70 m high. SITUATION. A ball on the end of a string is revolved at a uniform rate
in a vertical circle of radius 72 cm. If its speed is 4 m/s and its mass is
3. How high above its initial position did the stone go?
0.30 kg, calculate the tension in the string when the ball is:
4. How much later does it reach the bottom of the cliff?
5. What is its speed just before hitting?
6. What total distance did it travel? 14. At the top of its path.
15. At the bottom of its path.

ROTATIONAL MOTION
For Projectile Motion, all formulas for rectilinear motion are applicable.

Horizontal Component of Motion

𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 𝑡 Relationship of linear and angular parameters:
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 (constant) 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 𝑎𝑡 = 𝑟𝛼
𝑎𝑥 = 0
Vertical Component of Motion If angular acceleration is constant,
𝑎𝑦 = −𝑔 1
𝜃 = 𝜔0 𝑡 2 + 𝛼𝑡 2 𝜔𝑓2 = 𝜔02 + 2𝛼𝜃 𝜔𝑓 = 𝜔0 + 𝛼𝑡
Particle Trajectory 2
𝑔𝑥 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 −
2𝑣02 cos2 𝜃

SITUATION. Two identical rotating disks, each with a visible dot, are
shown at the same instant in time in the figure below. The disk on the
SITUATION. A water tank has a slope inclined at 45˚ with the left has zero initial angular velocity and an angular acceleration of 12
horizontal. The total depth of water in the tank is 6.7 m. A water jet rad/s2. The disk on the right has a constant angular velocity of 18 rad/s.
issues from an orifice located on the inclined side of the tank under a
hydrostatic head of 4 m, or that orifice is located 2.7 m vertically above
the bottom of the tank. Coefficient of velocity is 1.0. Neglect air
resistance on the jet.
Hint: Take the initial velocity as 𝐶𝑣 √2𝑔𝐻 where H is the hydrostatic
head and 𝐶𝑣 is the coefficient of velocity. The direction of this
velocity is perpendicular with the inclined side.
16. When will the two disks have turned through the same total
7. Determine the maximum height, in meters, of the issuing jet that angle?
arises above the level of the center of orifice. 17. How many revolutions will this have taken for each disk?
8. Determine the time, in seconds, it takes for this particle of the jet 18. If the disks had different radii, would the answers change?
to hit the ground that is 1.20 m below the bottom of the tank.
9. Determine the horizontal distance, in meters, on the ground
traveled by the jet from the center of the orifice in meters.
10. Determine the velocity of this particle of the jet as it hits the
ground.
 KINETICS: FORCE AND ACCELERATION

For particles at rest or moving at constant speed

∑𝑭 = 𝟎
For particles moving at acceleration 𝑎
∑ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂

19. A box weighing 50 kg is being pulled up a ramp by a worker. The

ramp’s inclination with the horizontal is 30°. If the acceleration of
the box must be 0.15g, how much constant force must the worker 23. When traveling at 62.13 mph, a car supplies a constant horizontal
exert? Assume that the ramp is frictionless. force of 100 N to the hitch of a trailer. What tractive power (in
horsepower) is required for the trailer alone?
20. A car (mass = 1400 kg) has a total forward thrust of 1600 N and
KINETICS: IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
a total drag force of 500 N. Determine the car’s acceleration and
its direction.

Impulse-Momentum Theorem
The impulse of the net external force on a particle during a time interval
equals the change in momentum of that particle during that interval:

∑ 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 (∆𝒕) = 𝒎(∆𝒗) – for constant force only

KINETICS: WORK AND ENERGY 𝒕𝟐
∫𝒕 𝑭 𝒅𝒕 = ∆(𝒎𝒗) – for varying force
𝟏

Work-Energy Theorem Law of Conservation of Momentum

Work done by the net force on a particle equals the change in the The total linear momentum for a system of particles remains constant
particle’s kinetic energy. during the time period t1 to t2.
1 ∑ 𝒎𝒊 (𝒗𝒊 )𝟏 = ∑ 𝒎𝒊 (𝒗𝒊 )𝟐
∑ Work = 𝑚(𝑣22 − 𝑣12 )
2

Work done by a force SITUATION. A 60-gram tennis ball is travelling at 30 m/s. After being
hit by the opponent’s racket, the ball’s velocity is 20 m/s in the opposite
𝑊variable force = ∫ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑𝑠 direction.
𝑊constant force = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑠 = 𝐹𝑠 cos 𝜙
24. Determine the change in the ball’s momentum.
25. What is the average force exerted by the racket if the ball and
racket were in contact for 40-millisecond. Assume that the ball’s
initial direction of motion is the positive direction.

26. A 2000-kg car is travelling eastward at 15 m/s. Further at the

back, a 5000-kg bus is also travelling eastward at a speed of 20
Work done by torque m/s. After some time, the vehicles crash and become entangled.
What would be their common velocity just after the collision.
𝑊variable torque = ∫ 𝑇 ∙ 𝑑𝜃 Assume that the vehicles are free to roll during the collision.
𝑊constant torque = 𝑇 ∙ 𝜃
Work done against gravity KINETICS: IMPACT AND COLLISION
𝑊gravity = 𝑚𝑔(ℎ2 − ℎ1 )
Work done by or on a linear spring
1 The ratio of the restitution impulse to the deformation impulse is called
𝑊spring = 𝑘(𝛿22 − 𝛿12 )
2 the coefficient of restitution, e.
(𝒗𝑩 )𝟐 − (𝒗𝑨 )𝟐 (𝒗𝑨 )𝟐 − (𝒗𝑩 )𝟐
Power – the rate at which work is done (in Watts or Joules/sec) 𝒆=− =
(𝒗𝑩 )𝟏 − (𝒗𝑨 )𝟏 (𝒗𝑩 )𝟏 − (𝒗𝑨 )𝟏
Work
𝑃= = 𝐹𝑣
time When e = 1, energy loss is equal to 0 and the impact is called perfectly
elastic impact.
When e = 0, energy loss is maximum, and the impact is called
21. [CE Board November 2017] A block weighing 500 N is dropped perfectly plastic/inelastic impact.
from a height of 1.3 meters upon a spring whose modulus is 20
N/mm. What would be the block’s velocity at the instant the spring
is deformed 100 mm? SITUATION. A 90-gram red marble collides head-on with a 120-gram
blue marble. Initially, the red marble has a velocity of 1.5 m/s while the
22. [CE Board November 2024] A 4500 kg ore car rolls down an blue marble travels at 0.8 m/s (opposite direction). Determine the
incline and passes point A traveling at 1.2 m/s. The ore car is velocity of each marble just after the impact given the following:
stopped by a spring bumper that compresses 0.6 m. A constant
friction force of 220 N acts on the ore car at all times. What is the 27. The collision is perfectly elastic.
spring constant? 28. The collision is perfectly inelastic.
29. The coefficient of restitution is 0.75.

“He who sweats more in TRAINING, bleeds less in WAR.”