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Examples 2

The document discusses various fluid dynamics problems, including the determination of the drag coefficient of a car and the effects of backspin on a tennis ball's trajectory. It provides calculations for drag force, lift force, and net forces acting on objects in motion through air under specific conditions. Additionally, it addresses the impact of advertisement signs on fuel costs for taxicabs based on their dimensions and driving conditions.

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6 views20 pages

Examples 2

The document discusses various fluid dynamics problems, including the determination of the drag coefficient of a car and the effects of backspin on a tennis ball's trajectory. It provides calculations for drag force, lift force, and net forces acting on objects in motion through air under specific conditions. Additionally, it addresses the impact of advertisement signs on fuel costs for taxicabs based on their dimensions and driving conditions.

Uploaded by

meliscmen
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Example 1)

The drag coefficient of a car at the design conditions of 1 atm, 21°C, and 96.56 km/h is
to be determined experimentally in a large wind tunnel in a full-scale test (Fig. 11–9).
The height and width of the car are 1.280 m and 1.615 m, respectively. If the force
acting on the car in the flow direction is measured to be 302.48 N, determine the drag 96.56 km/h
coefficient of this car. (The density of air at 1 atm and 21°C is 𝜌 = 1.2 kg/m3)

where A is the frontal area, the drag coefficient of the car is determined to be

2𝑋(302.48 𝑁)
𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥1000 =0.34
(1.2𝑘𝑔/𝑚3)(1.280𝑥1.615𝑚2)(96.56 3600 𝑚/𝑠)2
A tennis ball with a mass of 56.7 g and a diameter of 64mm is hit at 72.42 km/h with a backspin of 4800 rpm (Fig. 11–55).
Determine if the ball will fall or rise under the combined effect of gravity and lift due to spinning shortly after being hit in air
at 1 atm and 26.7°C.

Properties The density and kinematic viscosity of air at 1 atm and 26.7°C are 𝜌 = 1.177 kg/m3 and 𝜈 = 1.576 × 10−5 m2/s.

1000𝑚 1ℎ
V= (72.42𝑘𝑚/ℎ)( )( )=20.12 m/s
1𝑘𝑚 3600𝑠
1.177𝑘𝑔
2П𝑟𝑎𝑑 1𝑚𝑖𝑛 П(0.064𝑚)2 ) ( 3 )(20.12𝑚/𝑠)2
𝑚
ω= (4800𝑟𝑝𝑚)( 1𝑟𝑒𝑣 )( 60𝑠 )=502 rad/s FL= (0.21)( )( )=0.161 N
4 2

W= 𝑚𝑔 = (0.057𝑘𝑔)(9.81𝑚/𝑠2)=0.556 N
𝑟𝑎𝑑
ωD (502 𝑠 )(0.064 𝑚) which is more than the lift. Therefore, the ball will drop under the combined effect of
= 𝑚 =0.80 rad gravity and lift due to spinning with a net force of 0.556 − 0.161 = 0.395 N.
2𝑉 2(20.12 𝑠 )
Example 7) A car is moving at a constant velocity of 80 km/h. Determine the upstream
velocity to be used in fluid flow analysis if (a) the air is calm, (b) wind is blowing
against the direction of motion of the car at 30 km/h, and (c) wind is blowing in
the same direction of motion of the car at 50 km/h.
Example 8)
Example 9)
Advertisement signs are commonly carried by taxicabs for additional income, but they also
increase the fuel cost. Consider a sign that consists of a 0.30-m-high, 0.9-m-wide, and 0.9-m-
long rectangular block mounted on top of a taxicab such that the sign has a frontal area of
0.3 m by 0.9 m from all four sides. Determine the increase in the annual fuel cost of this
taxicab due to this sign. Assume the taxicab is driven 60,000 km a year at an average speed of
50 km/h and the overall efficiency of the drive train is 28 percent. Take the density, unit
price, and heating value of gasoline to be 0.75 kg/L, $0.50/L, and 42,000 kJ/kg, respectively,
and the density of air to be 1.25 kg/m3.
Example 10)
Example 11)

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